CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T

{{Short description|South African steam locomotive}} {{About|one of two different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "2nd Class"|the other|CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} {{Use South African English|date=September 2013}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T South African Class 02 4-4-0T | image = CGR 2nd Class (4-4-0T) of 1882 (Wynberg Tank).jpg | alt = | caption = 2nd Class ''Wynberg Tank'' numbered 116 | powertype = Steam | designer = [[Neilson and Company]] | builder = Neilson and Company [[Dübs and Company]] | ordernumber = | serialnumber = Neilson 2794-2799, 3876-3877 Dübs 2703-2705 | buildmodel = | builddate = 1882-1891 | totalproduction = 11 | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = {{Whyte|4-4-0|T}} (American) | uicclass = 2'Bn2t | driver = 1st coupled axle | gauge = {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|28|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupleddiameter = {{convert|48+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (1882) {{convert|49|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (1888-1891, & 1882 retyred) | trailingdiameter = | tenderdiameter = | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{convert|18|ft|1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | engine total = | leading = {{convert|4|ft|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | coupled = {{convert|7|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | trailing = | tender total = | tenderbogie = | wheelspacing = | length = | over bufferbeams = | over couplers = {{convert|29|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | width = | height = {{convert|12|ft|mm|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = | pivotcentres = | axleload = {{convert|12|lt|6|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|8|lt|15|lcwt|3|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 1 = {{convert|12|lt|6|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 2 = {{convert|12|lt|3|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | coupled 3 = | coupled 4 = | coupled 5 = | coupled 6 = | coupled 7 = | coupled 8 = | trail bogie/pony = | tenderbogieload = | weightondrivers = {{convert|24|lt|9|lcwt|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | locoweight = {{convert|33|lt|4|lcwt|3|qtr|kg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} | tenderweight = | locotenderweight = | tendertype = | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = {{convert|1+1/4|lt|t|1|abbr=on}} | watercap = {{convert|600|impgal|L|abbr=on}} | tendercap = | sandcap = | boiler = | boilertype = | fireboxtype = Round-top | diameterinside = {{convert|3|ft|7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} outside | lengthinside = {{convert|8|ft|11+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | pitch = {{convert|6|ft|1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | smalltubediameter= '''135:''' {{convert|1+3/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | largetubediameter= | boilerpressure = {{convert|130|psi|kPa|0|abbr=on}} | safetyvalvetype = [[Safety valve#Salter spring balance valves|Salter]] | feedwaterheater = | firearea = {{convert|10+1/2|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | totalsurface = {{convert|646|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | tubearea = {{convert|578+1/2|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = {{convert|67+1/2|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = | cylindercount = Two | cylindersize = {{convert|15|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bore {{convert|22|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} stroke | frontcylindersize= | rearcylindersize = | hpcylindersize = | lpcylindersize = | valvegear = [[Stephenson valve gear|Stephenson]] | valvetype = | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | locobrakeforce = | trainbrakes = | safety = | coupling = [[Railway coupling#Johnston coupler|Johnston link-and-pin]] | maxspeed = | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = {{convert|9400|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} @ 75% | factorofadhesion = | operator = [[Cape Government Railways]] [[South African Railways]] | operatorclass = CGR 2nd Class, SAR Class 02 | powerclass = | numinclass = 11 | fleetnumbers = W89-W94, 27-28, 18-20 | officialname = | nicknames = ''Wynberg Tank'' | axleloadclass = | locale = | deliverydate = 1882-1891 | firstrundate = 1882 | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = }}

The '''Cape Government Railways 2nd Class 4-4-0T''' of 1882 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-[[Union of South Africa|Union]] era in the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]].

In 1882, the Cape Government Railways placed six tank locomotives with a 4-4-0 American type wheel arrangement in service on its suburban passenger trains out of Cape Town. Five more of these locomotives, colloquially known as ''Wynberg Tanks'' and later officially designated 2nd Class, entered service in 1888 and 1891.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=36-37, 76-77}}</ref>

==Manufacturers== Since, by 1882, increasing passenger traffic on the [[Wynberg, Cape Town|Wynberg]] suburban line in Cape Town demanded higher speeds and more frequent service, an order was placed by the [[Cape Government Railways]] (CGR) for four-coupled side-tank locomotives with four-wheeled leading bogies. Six 4-4-0T locomotives were built by [[Neilson and Company]] in 1882, numbered in the range from W89 to W94 in the Western System's number range. They entered service on suburban passenger trains, working out of [[Cape Town]] to the southern suburbs. Two more, numbered 27 and 28, were delivered from the same builders in 1888 and another three, numbered in the range from 18 to 20, from [[Dübs and Company]] in 1891.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Oct 1943">Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). ''The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II – The Cape Government Railways'' (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1943. pp. 731–734.</ref>

==''Wynberg Tanks''== At the time, the southern suburban line ran to a terminus at Wynberg and the locomotives therefore became colloquially known as the ''Wynberg Tanks''. Their official CGR classification was as 2nd Class, in spite of the fact that they were of a different wheel arrangement and configuration than existing Cape locomotives with the same class designation, the 2-6-2 tank-and-tender [[CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875|2nd Class of 1875]].<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Dulez 150">{{Dulez 150|pages=36, 38}}</ref>

==Characteristics== The first six locomotives were delivered with coupled wheels of {{convert|48+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=off|sigfig=3}} diameter, but the diameter was subsequently increased to {{convert|49|in|mm|0|abbr=off|sigfig=3}} when the wheels were retyred. The two batches of 1888 and 1891 were delivered with the larger diameter driving wheels.<ref name="Holland 1"/>

The feedwater pump was fitted to the front frame stretcher and was backed up by a small emergency injector feed, attached to the outside of the engine frame on the fireman's side.<ref name="SAR&H Oct 1943"/>

The locomotive was designed to operate in both directions and was therefore provided with a large enclosed cab to afford greater protection from the elements when travelling bunker forward. This, and the fact that the locomotives performed well, made them popular with the enginemen. The CGR general manager's report for 1889 mentioned that locomotive no. 27, which had been placed in service in March 1888, had worked continuously on the heaviest and fastest trains in the Cape and had run {{convert|58123|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} during the year in question, before being taken out of service to have worn tyres replaced.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Oct 1943"/>

==Service==

===Cape Government Railways=== The first batch of locomotives was renumbered by 1887 and again in 1888, when the CGR adopted new locomotive numbering systems. In addition to the known numbering and renumbering, there appears to have been an intermediate CGR numbering system at some stage between 1884 and the renumbering of the late 1880s. Apart from photographic evidence, no information about this numbering system has been found as yet. An example is the builder's picture of a ''Wynberg Tank'', possibly no. W93, bearing the number 116 which does not fit in with any of the known numbers of these locomotives.<ref name="Littley 2"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="CGR Numbering">[[:Talk:CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876#Intermediate CGR numbering system c. 1883-1888|Intermediate CGR numbering system c. 1883-1888]]</ref>

After the Metropolitan and Suburban Railway Company went into liquidation on 19 July 1897, operations on its short railway from the city to Sea Point were taken over by the Cape government. After considerable alterations and improvements, the line was reopened by the CGR in December 1905 and two of the ''Wynberg Tanks'' were allocated to the Sea Point section. The locomotives remained on suburban passenger service on the Wynberg and [[Sea Point]] lines until the increasing loads became too heavy for them to handle. They were then placed in shunting service and also hauled the lighter passenger trains on the [[Milnerton]] branchline.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Oct 1943"/><ref name="Littley 2">''C.G.R. Numbering Revised'', Article by Dave Littley, SA Rail May–June 1993, pp. 94–95.</ref><ref name="SAR&H Apr 1944">Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). ''The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II – The Cape Government Railways'' (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1944. pp. 253–257.</ref><ref name="SAR History">''The South African Railways – Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, pp. 24–25.</ref>

===South African Railways=== When the [[Union of South Africa]] was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways, the CGR, the [[Natal Government Railways]] and the [[Central South African Railways]], were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.<ref name="SAR Renumber"/><ref name="SAR History"/>

With the exception of no. W89-93-21, which had been scrapped at some time between 1888 and 1891, all these locomotives were still in service in 1912. Since the SAR considered them obsolete, they were renumbered by having a "0" prefix added to their existing numbers. They were classified as Class 02 on the SAR and remained in service until 1916, when they were withdrawn.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR&H Oct 1943"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|page=17}}</ref>

==Works numbers and renumbering== The builders, works numbers, years built, original numbers and renumbering of the Cape 2nd Class of 1882 are listed in the table.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="SAR Renumber">''Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists'', issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 13, 18. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref> {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:100%;" |+'''CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T ''Wynberg Tank''''' |- ! Builder !Works no. !Year built !1882 no. !1887 no. !1888 no. !1891 no. !1912 no. |- |Neilson |2794 |1882 |W89 |93 |21 | | |- |Neilson |2795 |1882 |W90 |94 |22 |22 |022 |- |Neilson |2796 |1882 |W91 |95 |23 |23 |023 |- |Neilson |2797 |1882 |W92 |96 |24 |24 |024 |- |Neilson |2798 |1882 |W93 |97 |25 |25 |025 |- |Neilson |2799 |1882 |W94 |98 |26 |26 |026 |- |Neilson |3876 |1888 | | |27 |27 |027 |- |Neilson |3877 |1888 | | |28 |28 |028 |- |Dübs |2703 |1891 | | | |18 |018 |- |Dübs |2704 |1891 | | | |19 |019 |- |Dübs |2705 |1891 | | | |20 |020 |- |}

==Illustration== <gallery mode=packed heights="220px"> File:CGR 2nd Class (4-4-0T) of 1882 (Wynberg Tank) at Seapoint Station.jpg|''Wynberg Tank'' at Sea Point Station, bunker forward, c. 1906 File:CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882.jpg|No. 23 on the Sea Point line, c. 1906 </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882|CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T|position=left}} {{Reflist}} {{Locomotives of the Cape Government Railways}} {{Locomotives of South Africa}}

[[Category:CGR locomotives|0240]] [[Category:4-4-0T locomotives]] [[Category:2′B n2t locomotives]] [[Category:Neilson locomotives]] [[Category:Dübs locomotives]] [[Category:Cape gauge railway locomotives]] [[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1882]] [[Category:1882 in South Africa]] [[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]