{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} [[File:Example cehtml site.png|thumb|Example CE-HTML page, with description]] '''CE-HTML''' is an [[XHTML]]-based standard for designing [[webpage]]s with [[remote desktop|remote]] [[user interfaces]] for [[consumer electronic]] devices on [[Universal Plug and Play]] networks. The standard is intended for defining user interfaces that can gracefully scale on a variety of screen sizes and geometries, including those of [[mobile device]]s to [[High-definition television|high definition]] [[television set]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domoticspoint.com/archive/2006/02/26/ce-html-for-remote-user-interfaces-for-consumer-devices/ |title=CE-HTML for remote user interfaces for consumer devices |publisher=Domoticspoint.com |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421013743/http://www.domoticspoint.com/archive/2006/02/26/ce-html-for-remote-user-interfaces-for-consumer-devices/ |archive-date=21 April 2006}}</ref>
CE-HTML is part of the [[Universal Plug and Play#AV standards|CEA-2014]] standard (also referred to as "''Web4CE''" which is short for Web for Consumer Electronics),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2007.org/posters/poster1017.pdf |title=Web4CE: Accessing Web-based Applications on Consumer Devices |access-date=19 October 2011|website=www2007.org|last=Dees|first=Walter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028135032/http://www2007.org/posters/poster1017.pdf|archive-date=28 October 2011|url-status=dead|last2=Shrubsole|first2=Paul}}</ref> defined within the [[Consumer Electronics Association]] (CEA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ce.org/Standards/browseByCommittee_2757.asp |title=Consumer Electronics Association: CEA-2014 |publisher=Ce.org |access-date=19 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608190846/http://www.ce.org/Standards/browseByCommittee_2757.asp |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref>
==Features== CE-HTML consists of the following internet languages: * [[ECMAScript]] 262, 3rd edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm |title=Ecmascript 262, 3rd edition |publisher=Ecma-international.org |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> * [[XHTML]] 1.0 transitional/strict<ref>{{Cite web |title=XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/Overview.html |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.w3.org}}</ref> * [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] TV Profile 1.0<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-css-tv-20030514 |title=CSS TV Profile 1.0 |publisher=W3.org |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> * [[XMLHttpRequest]] object<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-XMLHttpRequest-20070227/ |title=XMLHttpRequest object |publisher=W3.org |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> * [[Document Object Model|DOM]] level 2.0 (Core,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113 |title=DOM level 2.0 Core |publisher=W3.org |date=20 November 1997 |access-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026104951/http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref> Style,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113 |title=DOM level 2.0 Style |publisher=W3.org |date=13 November 2000 |access-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102053737/https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/|archive-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> Events,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113 |title=DOM level 2.0 Events |publisher=W3.org |date=13 November 2000 |access-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024233104/http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113|archive-date=24 October 2011}}</ref> HTML<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-DOM-Level-2-HTML-20030109 |title=DOM level 2.0 HTML |publisher=W3.org |date=9 January 2003 |access-date=19 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220431/https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-DOM-Level-2-HTML-20030109/|archive-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>) * a number of specific extensions for CE devices.
CE-HTML can both be used in-home through [[UPnP]] as via the Internet. It allows the content creator to use the common and known languages in the [[World Wide Web#Standards|web]] to define a user interface that can be controlled on a CE device. A CE-HTML client typically consists of a [[web browser]] adapted for the CE-HTML standard running on a consumer electronics device. CE-HTML offers specific extensions for these browsers such as : * [[Multi-tap]] or other CE-specific alpha-numeric input support, by making use of the [[CSS3]] input-format tag.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-roadmap/ |title=CSS3 working draft |publisher=W3.org |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref>{{qn|date=November 2025|No current CSS module includes a property or value `input-format`, see [http://drafts.csswg.org/indexes/] and is not even mentioned as a once existing draft feature that got removed in the meantime.}} * Media (audio/video) playout through the use of an audio/video scripting object. * Operation via remote control ([[spatial navigation]]) using the up, down, left, right and OK keys * Client capability matching – to match the client capabilities to the user interfaces that the server offers. For this purpose, each CE-HTML compliant client is making use of a capability profile. This profile, placed in the user-agent string of the client, lets the server know what part of CE-HTML is supported by the client. The server in turn transmits its capabilities in a so-called "XML UI Listing" so the client can choose between the various CE-HTML user interfaces the server offers. * User interface profiles for usage on CE devices such as a television. These are predefined capability profiles on which a CE-HTML client can base its capabilities. They define e.g. the fonts supported, screen-size of the device and the media that is supported by the a/v scripting object in the device. All profiles are based on a 10-foot user interface. * Third-party notifications which allow a client to poll for messages from an external server, and display these to the user regardless of the currently displayed user interface. * A specific new [[MIME|MIME-type]] for CE-HTML content: "application/ce-html+xml".
Typical CE-HTML code looks like this:<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEA-2014 errata |url=http://www.ce.org/Standards/CEA-2014-A_Errata_TextOnly.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209093217/http://www.ce.org/Standards/CEA-2014-A_Errata_TextOnly.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2008}}</ref>
<syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "ce-html-1.0-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>CE-HTML</title> </head> <body onload="document.getElementById('myvid').play(1);"> CE-HTML a/v object:<br/> <object type="video/mp4" id="myvid" data="myvideo.mp4" width="640" height="480"></object> </body> </html> </syntaxhighlight>
== History ==
CE-HTML was developed within the Consumer Electronics Association R7WG9 working group – consisting of a number of CE-manufacturers – to formulate an answer to the problem of displaying [[HTML]] (web) content on a device that does not possess the characteristics of a typical personal computer.<ref>[https://archive.today/20070613140023/http://www.celinuxforum.org/CelfPubWiki/ELC2007Presentations?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=CEA_2014_Overview.pwz CELF-2007 CEA-2014 standard introduction]</ref> CE devices have problems displaying regular web pages because these pages make use of: * small fonts and images, not readable from a distance as when experienced from a TV or set-top box * only mouse or keyboard based navigation, not navigable using remote control * no highlight on the navigable elements so a user cannot see the element they navigate * many non-portable browser specific extensions ([[Document Object Model|DOM]] level 0/legacy DOM) * no standard audio/video object implementation * the use of proprietary – not CE-compatible – extensions such as [[Adobe Flash]]
Further difficulties with using a CE device to display web content are caused by the fact that CE devices typically have different capabilities such as different resolutions, remote controls and [[Video codec|audio/video codecs]].
Although some static standards still normatively reference CE-HTML or CEA-2014 as of 2025, web browser components built into the operating systems of smart TVs and STBs are now updated more frequently and are expected to support the features collected in the successor Web Media API Snapshot maintained by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) as part of its WAVE Project within a community group at the W3C.<ref name="WAVE">http://cta.tech/WAVE</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2026}}
== Use ==
From the early 2010s, CE-HTML was increasingly used within other standards, such as the [[Open IPTV Forum]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oipf.tv/docs/Release2/V2.1/OIPF-T1-R2-Specification-Volume-5-Declarative-Application-Environment-v2_1-2011-06-21.pdf |title=Open IPTV Forum – Declarative Application Environment |access-date=26 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114132000/http://www.oipf.tv/docs/Release2/V2.1/OIPF-T1-R2-Specification-Volume-5-Declarative-Application-Environment-v2_1-2011-06-21.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[DLNA|Digital Living Network Alliance]] (as of version 2) and [[HbbTV]]. Some research at the time suggested that CEA-2014 (of which CE-HTML is an important part) would be one of the key technologies in the living room internet experience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2008 |title=World Wide Web ensnaring the living room |url=https://linuxdevices.org/world-wide-web-ensnaring-the-living-room/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115191851/https://linuxdevices.org/world-wide-web-ensnaring-the-living-room/ |archive-date=2025-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=linuxdevices.org}}</ref>
Several TV vendors and solution providers developed and begann to ship CE-HTML capable browsers, usually based on frameworks like [[WebKit]] or [[Chromium]].
[[Philips]] released the first devices which support the CE-HTML standard<ref>{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Robert |url=http://www.paidcontent.co.uk/entry/419-philips-demoing-net-tv-when-will-web-tv-work-on-the-sofa/ |title=Philips demoing Net TV |publisher=Paidcontent.co.uk |date=1 September 2008 |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601094528/http://www.paidcontent.co.uk/entry/419-philips-demoing-net-tv-when-will-web-tv-work-on-the-sofa |archive-date=1 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> through the Net TV feature in Europe in April, 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/02/20/philips-net-tv-rumored-to-go-live-in-april/ |title=Philips Net TV live in April, 2009 |publisher=Engadget.com |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pocket-lint.co.uk/news/news.phtml/22430/23454/Philips-announces-Net-TV-internet.phtml |title=Philips announces Net TV |publisher=Pocket-lint.co.uk |date=19 February 2009 |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-date=22 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222222557/http://www.pocket-lint.co.uk/news/news.phtml/22430/23454/Philips-announces-Net-TV-internet.phtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> which in 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whathifi.com/News/IFA-2010-Philips-unveils-3D-TVs-partners-with-Sharp-and-Loewe-to-develop-open-internet-TV-platform/ |title=Philips partners with Sharp and Loewe |publisher=Whathifi.com |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005162413/http://www.whathifi.com/News/IFA-2010-Philips-unveils-3D-TVs-partners-with-Sharp-and-Loewe-to-develop-open-internet-TV-platform/ |archive-date=5 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> expanded to include [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hughsnews.ca/sharp-unveils-aquos-quattron-3d-lcd-hdtvs-009601 |title=Sharp Aquos Net |publisher=Hughsnews.ca |date=2 September 2010 |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> and [[Loewe AG|Loewe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loewe-int.de/en/loewe-ag/press/press-releases/top-news/newspost/beitrag/das-neue-loewe-medianet.html |title=Loewe Medianet |publisher=Loewe-int.de |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> platforms.
[[Smart TV]] (sometimes referred to as ''Connected TV'' or ''Hybrid TV'') devices are also being released by [[Samsung]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2673/samsung-internet-enabled-televisions-this-year/ |title=Samsung Internet-enabled televisions this year |publisher=Inquisitr.com |date=26 August 2008 |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> [[Panasonic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2008/05/20/panasonic-vieracast-internet-enabled-plasmas-due-this-summer/ |title=Panasonic Vieracast internet enabled plasmas due this summer |publisher=Engadget.com |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> and [[Sony]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://discover.sonystyle.com/internettv/ |title=Sony Google TV |publisher=Discover.sonystyle.com |access-date=19 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710164938/http://discover.sonystyle.com/internettv/ |archive-date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> although these base their work on many other programming languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://connectedtv.yahoo.com/developer |title=Samsung Connected TV Yahoo |publisher=Connectedtv.yahoo.com |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.panasonic.com/consumer-electronics/learn/televisions/whats-hot-pz850.jsp |title=Panasonic Vieracast |publisher=.panasonic.com |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310142314/http://www2.panasonic.com/consumer-electronics/learn/televisions/whats-hot-pz850.jsp |archive-date=10 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Eric |date=September 12, 2008 |title=Linux device links TVs to Internet videos |url=https://linuxdevices.org/linux-device-links-tvs-to-internet-videos/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911021549/https://linuxdevices.org/linux-device-links-tvs-to-internet-videos/ |archive-date=2025-09-11 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=linuxdevices.org}}</ref>
== See also == *[[List of smart TV platforms and middleware software]] *[[Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV|HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV)]] *[[10-foot user interface]] *[[Interactive television]] *[[Smart TV]]
== References == {{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ce-Html}} [[Category:Internet Standards]] [[Category:HTML]]