{{Short description|World War II Italian submarines}} {{Infobox ship | sclass = 2 |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = CB-20 Caproni U-Boot-Italien 1943 Zagreb TeslaMus 20220617 5.jpg | image_caption = The former ''CB-20'' in the Technical Museum, Zagreb }}
|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview | name=CB class | builders = *Caproni | operators = *{{Navy|Kingdom of Italy|name=''Regia Marina''}} * {{flagdeco|Italian Social Republic}} National Republican Navy * {{Navy|Kingdom of Romania}} * {{Navy|Nazi Germany|name=''Kriegsmarine''}} * {{Navy|Soviet Union}} * {{Navy|Yugoslavia}} | class_before = {{sclass2|CA|midget submarine|4}} | class_after = | subclasses = | built_range = 1941–1943 | in_commission_range = 1941–1950s | total_ships_building = | total_ships_planned = 72 | total_ships_completed = 21 | total_ships_canceled = | total_ships_active = | total_ships_laid_up = | total_ships_lost = | total_ships_retired = | total_ships_scrapped = | total_ships_preserved = 2 }}
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = | type = Midget submarine | displacement = *35.4 tons surfaced *44.3 tons submerged | length = {{convert|15.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | beam = {{convert|3.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | draught = {{convert|2.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | draft = | propulsion = 1 diesel engine, 1 electric motor, 1 shaft | speed = *{{convert|7.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced *{{convert|7|kn}} submerged | range = | endurance = | test_depth = | complement = 4 | sensors = | EW = | armament = 2 x 450 mm torpedoes (could be replaced by 2 mines) | notes = }} }}
The '''CB class''' was a group of midget submarines built for the Italian Navy during World War II. However, they were also used by several other navies, seeing action in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea.
==Construction and specifications== The submarines were designed and built by Caproni. They were used as coastal defence units, being a significant improvement of the previous {{sclass2|CA|midget submarine|4}}. Each unit had a standard (surfaced) displacement of 35.4 tons and a submerged displacement of 44.3 tons. They measured {{convert|15|m|ftin}} in length, had a beam of {{convert|3|m|ftin}} and a draught of {{convert|2.05|m|ftin}}. Power plant consisted of one Isotta Fraschini diesel engine and one Brown Boveri electric motor, both generating a total of {{convert|130|hp|lk=on|order=flip}} powering a single shaft, resulting in a surfaced top speed of {{convert|7.5|kn|lk=in}} and a submerged top speed of {{convert|7|kn}}. Each boat was armed with two externally-mounted {{convert|450|mm|adj=on}} torpedoes, each tube could be reloaded without removing the vessel from water. The two torpedoes could also be replaced by two mines. Each boat had a crew of four, aided in navigation by a small conning tower.<ref>Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., ''Decima Flottiglia MAS: The Best Commandos of the Second World War'', Fonthill Media, 2017, Chapter 3 Section 3</ref><ref>Robert Gardiner, ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946'', Naval Institute Press, 1980, p. 311</ref>
==Service== Seventy-two boats were ordered from Caproni in Milan, but only 22 were laid down. Twelve boats were completed before the Italian Armistice and nine afterwards.<ref>Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr., ''Decima Flottiglia MAS: The Best Commandos of the Second World War'', Fonthill Media, 2017, Chapter 3 Section 3</ref><ref>Robert Gardiner, ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946'', Naval Institute Press, 1980, p. 311</ref>
===Black Sea=== [[File:Bundesarchiv N 1603 Bild-289, Krim, Italienisches Zwei-Mann-U-Boot.jpg|thumb|left|A group of Italian sailors from the Quarta Flottiglia MAS atop a CB-class submarine in Crimea]] The first six boats, completed in 1941, were transferred to the Black Sea by rail, after Nazi Germany asked for Italian naval support on the Eastern Front. They departed on 25 April 1942 and reached the Romanian port of Constanța on 2 May. They formed the ''1st Squadriglia Sommergibili CB'', under the overall command of Francesco Mimbelli. They fought against the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, ''CB-5'' being sunk at Yalta in June 1942, either by Soviet aircraft or by a torpedo boat. In late 1942, the remaining five submarines were refitted at the Constanța Shipyard in Romania. On 26 August 1943, ''CB-4'' torpedoed and sank the Soviet {{sclass2|Shchuka|submarine|0}} submarine ''Shch-203''.<ref>Jamie Prenatt and Mark Stille, ''Axis midget submarines'' pp. 14–15</ref><ref>Piero Crociani, Pier Paolo Battistelli, ''Italian Navy & Air Force Elite Units & Special Forces 1940–45'', pp. 21–22</ref><ref>Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, ''Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953'', p. 266</ref><ref>Jack Greene, Alessandro Massignani, ''The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The Story of Valerio Borghese and the elite units of the Decima Mas'', p. 42</ref>
thumb|right|The Black Sea submarines under Romanian control, late 1943 After the Allied armistice with Italy in September 1943, the five Black Sea submarines (''CB-1'', ''CB-2'', ''CB-3'', ''CB-4'' and ''CB-6'') were transferred to the Royal Romanian Navy. They were all scuttled in the Black Sea in August 1944, after King Michael's Coup.<ref>Robert Gardiner, ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946'', Naval Institute Press, 1980, pp. 311 and 361</ref><ref>W.M. Thornton, ''Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World'', Pen and Sword Publishing, 1996, p. 100</ref><ref>Paul Kemp, ''Midget Submarines of the Second World War'', Chatham, 1999, p. 65</ref><ref>Bryan Perrett, Ian V. Hogg, ''Encyclopedia of the Second World War'', Longman, 1989, p. 279</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=J_PNAwAAQBAJ&dq=cb+transferred+Romanian+Navy&pg=PT351 Maurizio Brescia, ''Mussolini’s Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930-1945'', Seaforth Publishing, 2012]</ref>
Four of the Black Sea submarines (''CB-1'', ''CB-2'', ''CB-3'' and ''CB-4'') were captured by Soviet forces in August 1944 and commissioned on 20 October as ''TM-4'', ''TM-5'', ''TM-6'' and ''TM-7''. They were stricken on 16 February 1945 and subsequently scrapped.<ref>Mikhail Monakov, Jurgen Rohwer, ''Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935-1953'', p. 275</ref>
===Mediterranean=== The first six boats were unsuccessfully employed as submarine hunters near Naples and Salerno, before being transferred to the Black Sea in early 1942.<ref>Piero Crociani, Pier Paolo Battistelli, ''Italian Navy & Air Force Elite Units & Special Forces 1940–45'', pp. 21–22</ref> The second squadron (''CB-7'', ''CB-8'', ''CB-9'', ''CB-10'', ''CB-11'', ''CB-12'') was completed just before the Armistice, in August 1943. All of them, except ''CB-7'' (later cannibalized for spare parts), remained in the italian navy when Italy joined the Allies. ''CB-13'', ''CB-14'', ''CB-15'' and ''CB-16'' were captured by the Germans, but all except ''CB-16'' were destroyed by Allied air attacks. ''CB-16'' was assigned to the 10th Flotilla of the National Republican Navy, the navy of the Italian Social Republic, but its crew mutinied and surrendered the boat to the British. The last squadron to be completed carried out patrol missions and landed saboteurs. ''CB-17'' was sunk during an air attack, ''CB-18'' was scuttled by her own crew, ''CB-19'' was turned over to the Allies, ''CB-20'' was captured by Yugoslav Partisans, ''CB-21'' was accidentally rammed by a German landing craft and ''CB-22'' was either sunk in an air attack or scuttled by her own crew.<ref>Jamie Prenatt and Mark Stille, ''Axis midget submarines'' p. 15</ref>
==List of submarines== {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! Submarine ! Completed ! Service / Fate |- | ''CB-1'' | 27 January 1941 | Transferred to the Black Sea. To Romania after September 1943. Scuttled August 1944, raised by USSR and commissioned as ''TM-4'', scrapped 1945 |- | ''CB-2'' | 27 January 1941 | Transferred to the Black Sea. To Romania after September 1943. Scuttled August 1944, raised by USSR and commissioned as ''TM-5'', scrapped 1945 |- | ''CB-3'' | 10 May 1941 | Transferred to the Black Sea. To Romania after September 1943. Scuttled August 1944, raised by USSR and commissioned as ''TM-6'', scrapped 1945 |- | ''CB-4'' | 10 May 1941 | Transferred to the Black Sea. To Romania after September 1943. Scuttled August 1944, raised by USSR and commissioned as ''TM-7'', scrapped 1945 |- | ''CB-5'' | 10 May 1941 | Transferred to the Black Sea, sunk by Soviet aircraft or torpedo boat near Yalta, 13 June 1942 |- | ''CB-6'' |10 May 1941 |Transferred to the Black Sea. To Romania after September 1943. Scuttled August 1944 |- |''CB-7'' |1 August 1943 |Captured by Germany at Pola September 1943. Cannibalized for spare parts. |- |''CB-8'' |1 August 1943 |Surrendered to Britain 1943, scrapped 1948 |- |''CB-9'' |1 August 1943 |Surrendered to Britain 1943, scrapped 1948 |- |''CB-10'' |1 August 1943 |Surrendered to Britain 1943, scrapped 1948 |- |''CB-11'' |24 August 1943 |Surrendered to Britain 1943, scrapped 1948 |- |''CB-12'' |24 August 1943 |Surrendered to Britain 1943, scrapped 1948 |- |''CB-13'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk by Allied aircraft 23 March 1945 |- |''CB-14'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk during air raid |- |''CB-15'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk during air raid |- |''CB-16'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk during air raid |- |''CB-17'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk by Allied aircraft 3 April 1945 |- |''CB-18'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, sunk 31 March 1945 |- |''CB-19'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, broken up 1947 |- |''CB-20'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic. Captured by Yugoslav partisans in Pola at the end of the war. In active service in Yugoslav Navy 1950–1957 as ''P-901''. Donated to the Technical Museum in Zagreb in 1959 |- |''CB-21'' |Late 1943 |Captured by Germany 1943. Transferred to Italian Social Republic, rammed and sunk by a Marinefährprahm in the Adriatic 29 April 1945 |- |''CB-22'' | |Captured by Germany in 1943, sunk by air raid or scuttled. Wreck salvaged and preserved in Trieste |}
==See also== * Italian submarines of World War II
==References== {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{cite book |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922{{En dash}}46 |editor-last=Chesneau |editor-first=Roger |year=1997 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press Ltd |isbn=978-0851771465 }} * {{cite book |last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=Underwater Warriors |year=1996 |publisher=Cassell |isbn=978-0304354542 }}
==External links== * [https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/Smg/cb_01.aspx Classe CB] Marina Militare website
{{Portal bar|Italy|Engineering}} {{WWII Italian ships}}
Category:Submarine classes Category:Submarines of the Regia Marina Category:Midget submarines CB class Category:Caproni Category:World War II submarines of Romania