{{Short description|Enzyme database}} {{About|the database|the community in the United States|Cazy, West Virginia}} {{Infobox biodatabase |title = CAZy |logo =File:Database.png |description = carbohydrate-active enzymes database |scope = |organism = |center = AFMB, French National Centre for Scientific Research |laboratory = Glycogenomics group |author = |citation = Lombard & al. (2014)<ref name=LombardNAR2014 /> |released = |standard = |format = |url = http://www.cazy.org/ |download = |webservice = |sql = |sparql = |webapp = http://research.ahv.dk/cazy http://mothra.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/cat/cat.cgi http://csbl.bmb.uga.edu/dbCAN/ |standalone = |license = |versioning = |frequency = |curation = |bookmark = |version= }} '''CAZy''' is a database of Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZymes).<ref name=LombardNAR2014 /><ref name="CantarelNAR2009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, Henrissat B | title = The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 37 | issue = Database issue | pages = D233–8 |date=January 2009 | pmid = 18838391 | pmc = 2686590 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkn663 }}</ref> The database contains a classification and associated information about enzymes involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and recognition of complex carbohydrates, i.e. disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. Included in the database are families of glycoside hydrolases,<ref name=":0" /> glycosyltransferases,<ref name=":1" /> polysaccharide lyases,<ref name=":2" /> carbohydrate esterases,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nakamura|first1=Aline M.|last2=Nascimento|first2=Alessandro S.|last3=Polikarpov|first3=Igor|date=2017|title=Structural diversity of carbohydrate esterases|journal=Biotechnology Research and Innovation|volume=1|issue=1|pages=35–51|doi=10.1016/j.biori.2017.02.001|doi-access=free}}</ref> and non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Armenta|first1=Silvia|last2=Moreno-Mendieta|first2=Silvia|last3=Sánchez-Cuapio|first3=Zaira|last4=Sánchez|first4=Sergio|last5=Rodríguez-Sanoja|first5=Romina|date=2017|title=Advances in molecular engineering of carbohydrate-binding modules|journal=Proteins|volume=85|issue=9|pages=1602–1617|doi=10.1002/prot.25327|pmid=28547780|s2cid=26493197}}</ref> The CAZy database also includes a classification of Auxiliary Activity redox enzymes involved in the breakdown of lignocellulose.<ref name="LevasseurBiotechBiofuels2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levasseur A, Drula E, Lombard V, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B | title = Expansion of the enzymatic repertoire of the CAZy database to integrate auxiliary redox enzymes | journal = Biotechnol Biofuels | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | page = 41 |date=March 2013 | pmid = 23514094 | pmc = 3620520 | doi = 10.1186/1754-6834-6-41 | bibcode = 2013BB......6...41L | doi-access = free }}</ref>
CAZy was established in 1999 in order to provide online and constantly updated access to the protein sequence-based family classification of CAZymes,<ref name="LombardNAR2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lombard|first1=V.|last2=Golaconda Ramulu|first2=H.|last3=Drula|first3=E.|last4=Coutinho|first4=P. M.|last5=Henrissat|first5=B.|title=The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013|journal=Nucleic Acids Research|date=2014|volume=42|issue=D1|pages=D490–D495|doi=10.1093/nar/gkt1178|pmid=24270786|pmc=3965031}}</ref> which was originally developed in early 1990s to classify the glycoside hydrolases.<ref name=DaviesSinnottBiochemist2008 /> New entries are added shortly after they appear in the daily releases of GenBank. The rapid evolution of high-throughput DNA sequencing has resulted in the continuing exponential growth of the CAZy database,<ref name=LombardNAR2014 /><ref name=CantarelNAR2009 /><ref name=DaviesSinnottBiochemist2008 /> which now covers hundreds of thousands of sequences.<ref>Current statistics are available on each [http://www.cazy.org/Glycoside-Hydrolases.html Glycoside Hydrolase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810125924/http://www.cazy.org/Glycoside-Hydrolases.html |date=2014-08-10 }}, [http://www.cazy.org/GlycosylTransferases.html Glycosyltransferase], [http://www.cazy.org/Polysaccharide-Lyases.html Polysaccharide Lyase], [http://www.cazy.org/Carbohydrate-Esterases.html Carbohydrate Esterase], [http://www.cazy.org/Auxiliary-Activities.html Auxiliary-Activity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030121007/http://www.cazy.org/Auxiliary-Activities.html |date=2013-10-30 }}, and [http://www.cazy.org/Carbohydrate-Binding-Modules.html Carbohydrate-Binding Module] section page.</ref> CAZy continues to be curated and developed by the Glycogenomics group at AFMB, a research centre affiliated with the French National Centre for Scientific Research and Aix-Marseille University.<ref name="cazy-about-us">{{cite web|url=http://www.cazy.org/About-Us.html|title=About|website=CAZy.org|access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=afmb>{{cite web|title=AFMB UMR 7257 - UMR7257: CNRS - AIX MARSEILLE UNIV|url=http://www.afmb.univ-mrs.fr/?lang=en|website=www.afmb.univ-mrs.fr|access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref>
The CAZy database is coupled with ''[http://www.cazypedia.org/ CAZypedia]'', which was launched in 2007 as a research community-driven, wiki-based encyclopedia of CAZymes.<ref name="CAZypediaGlycobiology2018">{{cite journal |author=CAZypedia Consortium | title = Ten years of ''CAZypedia'': a living encyclopedia of carbohydrate-active enzymes | journal = Glycobiology | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–8 |date = 2018 | pmid = 29040563 | doi = 10.1093/glycob/cwx089 | doi-access = free | hdl = 21.11116/0000-0003-B7EB-6 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
==Classification== CAZy identifies evolutionarily related families of glycosyl hydrolases using the classification introduced by Bernard Henrissat.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0959-440X(97)80072-3 | last1 = Henrissat | first1 = B. | last2 = Davies | first2 = G. | title = Structural and sequence-based classification of glycoside hydrolases | journal = Current Opinion in Structural Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 637–644 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9345621 }}</ref><ref name="DaviesSinnottBiochemist2008">{{cite journal |vauthors = Davies GJ, Sinnott ML | title = Sorting the diverse: The sequence‑based classifications of carbohydrate‑active enzymes | journal = The Biochemist | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 26–32 |date = 2008 | doi = 10.1042/BIO03004026| url = http://www.biochemist.org/bio/03004/0026/030040026.pdf | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="HenrissatBiochemJ1991">{{Cite journal | last1 = Henrissat | first1 = B. | title = A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 280 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 309–316 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1747104 | pmc = 1130547 | doi=10.1042/bj2800309 }}</ref> These families are given a number to identify them, so for example Glycosyl hydrolase family 1 contains enzymes that possess a TIM barrel fold. These families are clustered into 14 different clans that share structural similarity. CAZy contains 94 families of Glycosyl transferase enzymes,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last1 = Coutinho | first1 = P. M. | last2 = Deleury | first2 = E. | last3 = Davies | first3 = G. J. | last4 = Henrissat | first4 = B. | title = An evolving hierarchical family classification for glycosyltransferases | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 328 | issue = 2 | pages = 307–317 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12691742 | doi=10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00307-3 }}</ref> 22 families of polysaccharide lysases<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lombard | first1 = V. | last2 = Bernard | first2 = T. | last3 = Rancurel | first3 = C. | last4 = Brumer | first4 = H. | last5 = Coutinho | first5 = P. M. | last6 = Henrissat | first6 = B. | doi = 10.1042/BJ20101185 | title = A hierarchical classification of polysaccharide lyases for glycogenomics | journal = Biochemical Journal | volume = 432 | issue = 3 | pages = 437–444 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20925655 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539724/document| doi-access = free }}</ref> and 16 families of carbohydrate esterases.
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== * {{cite web | url = http://www.cazy.org/ | title = CAZy - Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database | publisher = Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Université de Provence Université de la Méditerranée }} * {{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.cazypedia.org/ | title = CAZypedia | encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes }}
Category:Enzyme databases Category:Protein classification