| Nativename | бзыԥ, бзыԥтәи/бзыԥ ацәажәашьа |
|---|---|
| States | Turkey, Abkhazia |
| Region | Bzyb River |
| Speakers | 30,000 |
| Familycolor | Caucasian |
| Fam 1 | Northwest Caucasian |
| Fam 2 | Abaza–Abkhaz |
| Fam 3 | Abkhaz |
| Isoexception | dialect |
| Glotto | bzyb1238 |
| Glottorefname | Bzyb |
| Notice | IPA |
| Date | 1964 |
Bzyb (also spelled Bzyp) is a major dialect of Abkhaz, native to the Bzyb River region of Caucasus.[1] It was once the literary variety of Abkhaz, but students are now taught in the Abzhuy dialect.[2]
Phonology
It differs from standard Abkhaz mainly in terms of phonology. It has 69 consonant phonemes.[3] It shares the [ɕʷ] and [ʑʷ] sounds with the Sadz dialect, and the [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], [t͡ɕʼ], [ɕ], [ʑ], [χˤ], and [χˤʷ] sounds are unique to Bzyb. Standard Abkhaz (which is based on the Abzhywa dialect) lacks these sounds.
The phoneme ɥ was originally a labialized pharyngeal fricative ʕʷ.[3]
The Bzyb consonant inventory appears to have been the fundamental inventory of Proto-Abkhaz, with the inventories of Abzhywa and Sadz being reduced from this total, rather than the Bzyb series being innovative.[2]
Orthography
Bzyb was first written in 1862, when Peter von Uslar introduced a Cyrillic-based orthography for it, partially inspired by Anders Johan Sjögren's 1844 Ossetian alphabet.[4] The alphabet is as follows:
| а | б | ҩ | г | ӷ | д | ꚁ | е |
| ж | ђ | ꚅ | ꚅ̆ | з | ӡ | ꚃ | һ |
| ꚕ | і | ј | к | қ | л | м | н |
| о | п | ԥ | ԛ | р | с | т | ҭ |
| ꚍ | ꚍ̆ | у | ф | х | ц | ꚏ | |
| ꚏ̆ | ч | ҽ | ҽ̆ | ш | |||
| ш̆ | ꚗ | ꚗ̆ | ѵ |
With the modern orthography, Viacheslav Chirikba transcribes the phonemes unique to Bzyb, or to Bzyb and Sadz, with digraphs : зь /ʑ/, ӡь /d͡ʑ/, сь /ɕ/, х' /χ/, ць /t͡ɕʰ/, ҵь /t͡ɕʼ/.[3]
See also
References
- ^ Hoiberg, Dale H. (ed.) (2010). "Abkhaz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes. 15th ed. Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 33. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
- ^ Бгажба, Хухут Соломонович (1964). Бзыбский диалект абхазского языка: Исследования и тексты [Bzyb dialect of the Abkhaz language] (in Russian). Тбилиси: Издательство Академии Наук Грузинской ССР.
- ^ Chirikba, Viacheslav. "The Bzyp dialect of Abkhaz (A Short sketch). Бзыпский диалект абхазского языка (Краткий очерк) // ВЕСТНИК АКАДЕМИИ НАУК АБХАЗИИ. № 12. Серия «Гуманитарные науки». Сухум: Academia, 2022, с. 19-25.". Аԥсны Аҭҵаарадыррақәа Ракадемиа Адырраҭара
- ^ Х. С. Бгажба (1967). Из истории письменности в Абхазии. 1000 ed. Тбилиси: «Мецниереба». p. 72.