Buryatia

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}} {{other uses}} {{use dmy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox Russian federal subject | en_name = Republic of Buryatia | ru_name = Республика Бурятия | loc_name1 = Буряад Улас | loc_lang1 = Buryat | loc_name2 = ''Buryaad Ulas'' | loc_lang2 = Romanization | political_status = Republic | political_status_link = Republics of Russia | federal_district = Far Eastern | economic_region = Far Eastern | image_flag = Flag of Buryatia.svg | image_map = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Buryatia (Crimea disputed).svg | subdivision_name = Russia | coordinates = {{coord|53|48|N|109|20|E|type:adm1st_region:RU-BU|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint =  | governing_body = People's Khural<ref name="HeadLegis" /> | leader_title = Head<ref name="HeadLegis">Constitution, Article 5.3</ref> | leader_name = Alexey Tsydenov<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-local-elections-marked-by-low-turnout-fraud-claims/28728417.html|title=Ruling Party Dominates Russian Elections Amid Low Turnout, Opposition Claims Strong Moscow Showing|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}</ref> | leader_title1 = Member of the State Duma | leader_name1 = Vyacheslav Damdintsurunov | leader_title2 = Senators | leader_name2 = Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn Alexander Varfolomeev | total_type = Total | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 351,334 | population_rank = 54th | population_density_km2 = 2.79 | population_as_of = 2021 Census | population_total = {{increase}} 978588 | population_footnotes = <ref name=2021Census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref> | demographics_type2 = GDP {{nobold|(nominal, 2024)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url= https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/accounts# |title=Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года|website=rosstat.gov.ru}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Total | demographics2_info1 = ₽{{FXConvert|RUS|504|b|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = ₽{{FXConvert|RUS|517756|lk=on}} | timezone1 = MSK+5<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085 |script-title=ru:"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации |language=ru |access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> | website = {{URL|http://egov-buryatia.ru/}} | footnotes = | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Buryatia.svg | iso_code = RU-BU | registration_plate = 03 | utc_offset = +8 | anthem = Anthem of the Republic of Buryatia<ref name="Anthem">Law #98</ref>{{parabr}}{{center|File:Буряад Уласай түрын дуулал.ogg}} | flag_size = 120px | shield_size = 75px | flag_link = Flag of the Republic of Buryatia | shield_link = Coat of arms of the Republic of Buryatia | adm_ctr_type = Capital | adm_ctr_name = Ulan-Ude | official_lang_list = Buryat | official_lang_ref = <ref name="Languages">Constitution, Article 67</ref><ref name="Russian">Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.</ref> | area_footnotes = <ref name="Area">{{cite web|url=http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm|title=Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (''Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation'')|access-date=2011-11-01|author=Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service)|date=2004-05-21|work=Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002)|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|language=ru}}</ref> | mapsize = 300px

}} '''Buryatia''',{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{IPAc-en|UK|b|ʊr|ˈ|j|æ|t|i|ə}} {{respell|buurr-YAT-ee-ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|b|ʊr|ˈ|j|ɑː|t|i|ə}} {{respell|buurr-YAHT-ee-ə}}|{{lang-rus|Бурятия|r=Burjatija|p=bʊˈrʲætʲɪjə}}|{{langx|bua|Буряад Улас|Buryaad Ulas}}, {{IPA|bua|bʊˈrʲaːt ˈʊlə̆s|IPA}}}}}} officially the '''Republic of Buryatia''',{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{lang-rus|Республика Бурятия|r=Respublika Burjatija|p=rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə bʊˈrʲætʲɪjə}}|{{langx|bua|Буряад Республика|Buryaad Riespublika}}, {{IPA|bua|bʊˈrʲaːt rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə|IPA}}}}}} is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201811040002?index=0&rangeSize=1|title=Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации|website=publication.pravo.gov.ru|access-date=2018-11-04|archive-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205162518/http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201811040002?index=0&rangeSize=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of {{convert|351,300|km2|sp=us}} with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census).<ref name=2021Census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref> It is home to the indigenous Buryats.

The republic is located in the south-central region of Siberia along the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. *Area: {{convert|351300|km2|sp=us}} *Borders: **Internal: Irkutsk Oblast (W/NW/N), Zabaykalsky Krai (NE/E/SE/S), Tuva (W) **International: Mongolia (Bulgan Province, Khövsgöl Province and Selenge Province) (S/SE) **Water: Lake Baikal (N) *Highest point: Mount Munku-Sardyk ({{convert|3491|m|abbr=on}})

===Rivers=== Major rivers include: *Barguzin River *Irkut River *Kitoy River *Oka River *Selenga River *Uda River *Upper Angara River *Vitim River

===Lakes=== *Lake Baikal – 60% of the lake's shoreline is in Buryatia. *Lake Gusinoye *Baunt *Busani *Kapylyushi *Yeravna-Khorga Lake System

===Mountains=== Over 80% of the republic's territory is located in the mountainous region, including the Baikal Mountains on the northern shores of Lake Baikal, the Ulan-Burgas east of the lake, and the Selenga Highlands in the south near the Mongolia–Russia border.

===Natural resources=== The republic's natural resources include gold, tungsten, zinc, uranium, and more.

===Climate=== *Average annual temperature: {{convert|0|C}} {{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} *Average January temperature: {{convert|-17|C}} *Average July temperature: {{convert|+25|C}} *Average annual precipitation: {{convert|244|mm|sp=us}} The climate varies, with the capital Ulan-Ude having a humid steppe climate and the north with a humid continental climate.

==History== [[File:Blue diopsidite skarn Buryatia Republic, Transbaikalia, eastern Siberia.jpg|thumb|Unusual blue diopsidite skarn from the Dovyren Highlands, Buryatia]]

Mongolian people have lived in the area around Lake Baikal since the fifth century, with Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments found in the Baikal region.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chakars |first=Melissa |title=The socialist way of life in Siberia : transformation in Buryatia |date=2014 |isbn=978-963-386-014-4 |publisher=Central European University Press |location=Budapest |oclc=878406217}}</ref><ref>History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003</ref> Over time, the Mongolic peoples of the region developed into distinct groups, one of which became the Buryats. Further divisions arose between those Buryats living on the western shore of Lake Baikal – which had better land for agriculture – and those in the east, who practised nomadism more regularly and continued to reside in moveable felt yurts. As a result of the superior farmland, the western side of Lake Baikal was settled by European peasants during the time of the Russian Empire; consequently, western Buryats were more exposed to, and influenced by, the culture, religions and economy of their European neighbours, whereas eastern Buryats maintained closer ties to other Mongolic peoples, Buddhism and Asian civilisations.<ref name=":1" />

The territory of Buryatia has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC – 93 CE), the Mongolian Xianbei state (93–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the First Turkic Khaganate (552–603), the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (682–744), the Tang dynasty (647–784), the Uyghur Khaganate (744–840), the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate (840–1208), the Mongol Empire (1206–1368) and the Northern Yuan (1368–1635).<ref name="HM">History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003</ref> Medieval Mongol tribes such as the Merkit, Bayads, Barga Mongols and Tümeds inhabited Buryatia.<ref name="HM"/>

=== Imperial Russia === Cossacks and other tsarist officials began moving eastward into the western Buryat lands in 1625, where they estimated that 30,000 Buryats were living in south‑eastern Siberia, collecting tribute from other small Siberian tribes.<ref name=":1" /> The Buryats resisted incorporation into the Russian Empire's tribute system (''yasak''), which demanded a yearly supply of furs; it was not until the 1680s that the last of the eastern Buryat lands were forced to participate in the yasak system. In 1666, the fort of Udinskoye was founded. This area later became known as Verkhneudinsk – in 1934 it was renamed Ulan‑Ude, the present‑day capital of Buryatia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Quijada |first=Justine B. |title=Buddhists, shamans, and Soviets : rituals of history in post-Soviet Buryatia |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-091680-0 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY |oclc=1045640510}}</ref>

From 1727, the town of Kyakhta served as the border crossing for the Kyakhta trade between Russia and China.<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Kiakhta |volume=15 |page=782}}</ref> Kyakhta's founder, the Serb Sava Vladislavich, established it as a trading post between Russia and the Qing Empire.<ref name="Founded">{{cite book|author=Mark Mancall|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1971|title=Russia and China: their diplomatic relations to 1728, (Volume 61 of Harvard East Asian series, Center for East Asian Studies, Harvard University).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEduAAAAMAAJ|pages=263|isbn=9780674781153 }}</ref> The reforms of Mikhail Speransky in 1820 established indirect rule over Buryatia by codifying local clan leaders as official members of the "steppe duma", thereby incorporating them into the existing imperial government.<ref name=":0" />

Buddhism was recognised as an official religion of the Russian Empire by Empress Elizabeth in 1741, and the first Pandito Khambo Lama – the spiritual leader of the Buryat Buddhists – was elected in 1764. The first person to serve in this role was Damba Dorzha Zaiaev (1711–1776). At the time of the Bolshevik Revolution, Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov served as the 12th Pandito Khambo Lama of Eastern Siberia from 1911 to 1917.<ref name=":0" /> Itigilov stepped down in 1917 at the time of the revolution and later encouraged his students to flee to Mongolia, though he refused to flee himself.

=== Soviet Buryatia === National movements, including that of Buryatia, began to foment after the February Revolution in 1917. From March 1917, the leading Buryat intelligentsia organized a number of conferences in cities such as Petrograd, Chita, Irkutsk, and Verkhneudinsk (present-day Ulan-Ude) and invited representatives from Buryat administrative districts of the Irkutsk and Transbaikalia regions. The culmination of these conferences was the first All-Buryat Congress in 23–25 April 1917 in Chita, where activists advocated for a self-governing Buryat Autonomous Region, based on the models of Poland and Finland, with an elected body, the Buryat National Duma, that all Buryats, men and women, over the age of 18 and without criminal convictions, would participate in. This Duma would elect a permanent executive body, the Buryat National committee, which would take on responsibilities such as organizing the elections, assembling the Buryat Duma, and publishing works in the Buryat language.<ref name=":2" /> Among other topics discussed at the Congress were the establishment of an Education Council to create Buryat schools, trained educators, and curricula that included the history of the Buryats and Mongols and Buryat studies.

After the November Revolution in 1917, the Buryats bid for independence was complicated by the arrival of a Japanese expeditionary force into Buryatia in 1918.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Beyond Versailles : the 1919 moment and a new order in East Asia |date=2021 |author1=Toshihiro Minohara |author2=Evan N. Dawley |isbn=978-1-4985-5446-6 |publisher=Lexington Books |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages=81–98 |oclc=1222777577}}</ref> The Buryat national leaders saw the Japanese as potential and critical allies in assisting the independence movement, but the cooperation ultimately failed due to the conflicting agendas. The Red Army advanced in Buryatia in 1920 and continued to Outer Mongolia in 1921. Attracted to the promises of self-determination and territorial autonomy by the Bolsheviks, and having lost the cooperation of the Japanese, the Buryat leaders embraced the idea of building a Buryat nation with the new Soviet state. In 1923, the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ({{langx|bua|Буряадай Автономито Совет Социалис Республика}}; {{langx|ru|Бурятская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика}}) was created as a result of the merger of State of Buryat and Buryat Oblast and promised territorial autonomy. In 1929, a revolt was suppressed in Buryatia, caused by collectivisation and repression of Buddhism. In 1937, Aga Buryatia and Ust-Orda Buryatia were detached from the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR and merged with Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts, respectively. In 1958, the name "Mongol" was removed from the name of the republic and simply became the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Buryatia within the vast multi-ethnic, diverse Soviet Union.

The Ivolginsky Datsan was opened in 1945 as the only Buddhist spiritual centre of the USSR, home to the Central Spiritual Board of Buddhists of the USSR, the state-controlled sangha.

The Buryat intelligentsia were active throughout Buryatia and beyond, into Tibet and Mongolia. At the turn of the 20th century, Buryats leaders, such as Batu-dalai Ochirov and Mikhail Bogdanov, began actively writing political articles about the threat to Buryatia and Buryat existence from Russia. Despite their noted influence from 1900 to 1930, most of them were purged, killed outright or sent to concentration camps, in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rupen |first=Robert A. |date=1956 |title=The Buriat Intelligentsia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2941876 |journal=The Far Eastern Quarterly |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=383–398 |doi=10.2307/2941876 |jstor=2941876 |issn=0363-6917|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The leader of the Buryat ASSR from 1962 to 1984 was Andrei Urupkheevich Modogoev.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chakars |first=Melissa |date=2009-01-01 |title=Buryat Literature as a Political and Cultural Institution from the 1950s to the 1970s |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/inas/11/1/article-p47_4.xml |journal=Inner Asia |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=47–63 |doi=10.1163/000000009793066569 |issn=2210-5018|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In the 1970s, Soviet authorities began two major industrial projects in Buryatia: the Gusinoozerskii power station to the south of Ulan-Ude and the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline railway in northern Buryatia. The construction of both projects, particularly the railway, required recruiting campaigns to bring workers from other parts of the country to Buryatia. Towns developed along the railroad, and the urban population in northern Buryatia doubled between 1979 and 1989.<ref name=":1" /> In addition to the Russians who moved to Buryatia for work, Buryats from other parts of southern Siberia also migrated to the Buryat ASSR, particularly Ulan-Ude and other cities for jobs and educational opportunities. Prior to World War II, less than 10% of Buryats lived in urban areas, compared to almost half at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union. By 1989, one-third of the Buryat population of the Buryat ASSR was living in Ulan-Ude.

=== Post-Soviet Buryatia === The Buryat ASSR declared its sovereignty in 1990 and adopted the name ''Republic of Buryatia'' in 1992. However, it remained an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation. On 11 July 1995 Buryatia signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.<ref name="asymmetries">{{Cite journal|last=Solnick|first=Steven|date=29 May 1996|title=Asymmetries in Russian Federation Bargaining|url=https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1996-810-08-Solnick.pdf|journal=The National Council for Soviet and East European Research|pages=12|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828112303/https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/1996-810-08-Solnick.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> This agreement was abolished on 15 February 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal|last=Chuman|first=Mizuki|title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia|url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf|journal=Demokratizatsiya|pages=146|access-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf|archive-date=2019-03-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, autonomous republics such as Buryatia did not have the right to secede. However they retained considerable autonomy, with a separate legislature and president. However this autonomy has been curtailed following the 2004 law passed by Vladimir Putin that decreed regional governors and presidents were to be appointed, rather than directly elected.<ref name=":0" />

==Politics== thumb|right|Modern Buryat home with instruments, scrolls, and weapons typical of Buryatia

The head of the republic is the Head (formerly President), who is elected by popular vote for a four‑year term. Between 2004 and 2012, the head of Buryatia—like all other regional heads in Russia—was appointed directly by the Russian president.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-elections-idUSBRE9310GR20130402|title=Putin signs law to allow him to pick Russian governors|first=Alissa de|last=Carbonnel|newspaper=Reuters |date=2 April 2013|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/politics/russia-reinstates-governor-elections|title=Russia reinstates governor elections|website=Barentsobserver|access-date=28 January 2021|archive-date=26 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126165510/https://barentsobserver.com/en/politics/russia-reinstates-governor-elections|url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 1991 to 2007, the post was held by Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov. He was first elected on 1 July 1994, re‑elected in 1998 with 63.25 per cent of the vote, and elected once more on 23 June 2002, securing over 67 per cent. Before the introduction of direct elections, Potapov served as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic, at that time the highest office in the region.

The present Head of the Republic is Alexey Tsydenov, who was elected by popular vote on 10 September 2017. He had been appointed acting Head in February 2017 by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/n0868-new-head-of-buryatia-promises-boost-in-tourism-to-siberias-buddhist-region/|title=New head of Buryatia promises boost in tourism to Siberia's Buddhist region|website=siberiantimes.com|access-date=19 September 2017|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910174057/http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/n0868-new-head-of-buryatia-promises-boost-in-tourism-to-siberias-buddhist-region/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The republic's parliament is the People's Khural, whose 66 deputies are elected every five years. The assembly is currently controlled by the country's ruling party, United Russia, which holds 45 seats. Vladimir Anatolyevich Pavlov has served as Chairman of the People's Khural since September 2019.

The Republic's Constitution was adopted on 22 February 1994.

In the 2024 Russian presidential election, which independent observers and opposition figures described as rigged and fraudulent, President Vladimir Putin won 87.96 per cent of the vote in Buryatia.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 March 2024 |title=The extent of fraud in Russia's presidential election begins to emerge |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/03/20/the-extent-of-fraud-in-russia-s-presidential-election-begins-to-emerge_6638830_4.html |work=Le Monde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=Итоги выборов президента России |url=https://ria.ru/20240317/vybory-1924359788.html |website=РИА Новости |language=ru |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317220041/https://ria.ru/20240317/vybory-1924359788.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Administrative divisions== {{Main|Administrative divisions of Buryatia}}As of 2013, Buryatia is divided into 21 districts, 6 cities or towns, 16 urban-type settlements and 238 selsoviets and somons.<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|81}}</ref>

==Demographics== '''Population''': {{ru-census|p2010=972,021|p2002=981,238|p1989=1,041,119}}

===Settlements=== {{Largest cities | country = Buryatia | stat_ref = 2010 Russian Census | list_by_pop = | div_name = | div_link = Administrative divisions of Buryatia{{!}}Administrative division | city_1 = Ulan-Ude | div_1 = Ulan-Ude{{!}}City of republic significance of Ulan-Ude | pop_1 = 404,426 | city_2 = Severobaykalsk | div_2 = Severobaykalsk{{!}}Town of republic significance of Severobaykalsk | pop_2 = 24,929 | city_3 = Gusinoozyorsk | div_3 = Selenginsky District | pop_3 = 24,582 | city_4 = Kyakhta | div_4 = Kyakhtinsky District | pop_4 = 20,041 | city_5 = Selenginsk | div_5 = Kabansky District | pop_5 = 14,546 | city_6 = Zakamensk | div_6 = Zakamensky District | pop_6 = 11,524 | city_7 = Onokhoy | div_7 = Zaigrayevsky District | pop_7 = 10,689 | city_8 = Taksimo | div_8 = Muysky District | pop_8 = 9,438 | city_9 = Bichura, Republic of Buryatia{{!}}Bichura | div_9 = Bichursky District | pop_9 = 9,145 | city_10 = Khorinsk | div_10 = Khorinsky District | pop_10 = 8,138 }}

right|thumb|Map of Buryatia.{{Historical populations|3=1926|4=388900|5=1939|6=545766|7=1959|8=673326|9=1970|10=812251|11=1979|12=900812|13=1989|14=1041119|15=2002|16=981238|17=2010|18=972021|19=2021|20=978588|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}} {| class="wikitable" ! Census date ! 1926 ! 1939 ! 1959 ! 1970 ! 1979 ! 1989 ! 2002 ! 2010 |- | Total population | align="right" | 491,236 | align="right" | 545,766 | align="right" | 673,326 | align="right" | 812,251 | align="right" | 899,398 | align="right" | 1,038,252 | align="right" | 981,238 | align="right" | 972,021 |- | Average annual population growth | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | +1.7% | align="right" | +1.1% | align="right" | +1.5% | align="right" style="color: red" | −0.4% | align="right" style="color: red" | −0.1% |- | Males | align="right" | 248,513 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 467,984 | align="right" | |- | Females | align="right" | 242,723 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 513,254 | align="right" | |- | Females per 1000 males | align="right" | 977 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 1,097 | align="right" | |- | Proportion urban | align="right" | 9.3% | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 59.6% | align="right" | |- | Territory (km2) | align="right" | 368,392 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 | align="right" | 351,334 |- | Population density/km2 | align="right" | 1.3 | align="right" | 1.6 | align="right" | 1.9 | align="right" | 2.3 | align="right" | 2.6 | align="right" | 3.0 | align="right" | 2.8 | align="right" | 2.8 |}

===Vital statistics=== [[File:Dzharun-Hashor.jpg|thumb|Dzharun Khashor, the largest stupa in the Republic of Buryatia.]] [[File:Буддийский храм в Гэгэтуе.jpg|thumb|Buddhist temple in Gegetuy.]] :Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 |title=Центральная База Статистических Данных |access-date=2012-01-05 |archive-date=2008-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412011659/http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|script-title=ru:Демографический ежегодник России|language=ru|trans-title=Demographic Yearbook of Russia|access-date=2017-10-19}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! width="70pt"|Average population (thousands) ! width="70pt"|Live births ! width="70pt"|Deaths ! width="70pt"|Natural change ! width="70pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000) ! width="70pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000) ! width="70pt"|Natural change (per 1000) ! width="70pt"|Fertility rates |- | 1970 | align="right" | 816 | align="right" | 14,766 | align="right" | 6,301 | align="right" | 8,465 | align="right" | 18.1 | align="right" | 7.7 | align="right" | 10.4 | align="right" | |- | 1975 | align="right" | 862 | align="right" | 17,751 | align="right" | 7,586 | align="right" | 10,165 | align="right" | 20.6 | align="right" | 8.8 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | |- | 1980 | align="right" | 921 | align="right" | 19,859 | align="right" | 8,734 | align="right" | 11,125 | align="right" | 21.6 | align="right" | 9.5 | align="right" | 12.1 | align="right" | |- | 1985 | align="right" | 993 | align="right" | 23,975 | align="right" | 9,529 | align="right" | 14,446 | align="right" | 24.1 | align="right" | 9.6 | align="right" | 14.5 | align="right" | |- | 1990 | align="right" | 1,050 | align="right" | 19,185 | align="right" | 9,602 | align="right" | 9,583 | align="right" | 18.3 | align="right" | 9.1 | align="right" | 9.1 | align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.18 |- | 1991 | align="right" | 1,052 | align="right" | 16,868 | align="right" | 9,753 | align="right" | 7,115 | align="right" | 16.0 | align="right" | 9.3 | align="right" | 6.8 | align="right" | 2.03 |- | 1992 | align="right" | 1,049 | align="right" | 13,944 | align="right" | 10,347 | align="right" | 3,597 | align="right" | 13.3 | align="right" | 9.9 | align="right" | 3.4 | align="right" | 1.87 |- | 1993 | align="right" | 1,043 | align="right" | 11,981 | align="right" | 12,388 | align="right" style="color: red"|−407 | align="right" | 11.5 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" style="color: red"|−0.4 | align="right" | 1.65 |- | 1994 | align="right" | 1,039 | align="right" | 12,327 | align="right" | 13,650 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,323 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.3 | align="right" | 1.66 |- | 1995 | align="right" | 1,035 | align="right" | 12,311 | align="right" | 12,588 | align="right" style="color: red"|−277 | align="right" | 11.9 | align="right" | 12.2 | align="right" style="color: red"|−0.3 | align="right" | 1.60 |- | 1996 | align="right" | 1,031 | align="right" | 12,159 | align="right" | 12,441 | align="right" style="color: red"|−282 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 12.1 | align="right" style="color: red"|−0.3 | align="right" | 1.57 |- | 1997 | align="right" | 1,025 | align="right" | 11,555 | align="right" | 12,111 | align="right" style="color: red"|−556 | align="right" | 11.3 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" style="color: red"|−0.5 | align="right" | 1.51 |- | 1998 | align="right" | 1,017 | align="right" | 11,746 | align="right" | 11,481 | align="right" | 265 | align="right" | 11.6 | align="right" | 11.3 | align="right" | 0.3 | align="right" | 1.53 |- | 1999 | align="right" | 1,009 | align="right" | 11,468 | align="right" | 13,114 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,646 | align="right" | 11.4 | align="right" | 13.0 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.6 | align="right" | 1.42 |- | 2000 | align="right" | 1,001 | align="right" | 11,654 | align="right" | 13,155 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,501 | align="right" | 11.6 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.5 | align="right" | 1.42 |- | 2001 | align="right" | 992 | align="right" | 11,678 | align="right" | 13,858 | align="right" style="color: red"|−2,180 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 14.0 | align="right" style="color: red"|−2.2 | align="right" | 1.44 |- | 2002 | align="right" | 983 | align="right" | 12,830 | align="right" | 14,404 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,574 | align="right" | 13.1 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.6 | align="right" | 1.52 |- | 2003 | align="right" | 977 | align="right" | 13,177 | align="right" | 15,056 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,879 | align="right" | 13.5 | align="right" | 15.4 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.9 | align="right" | 1.51 |- | 2004 | align="right" | 973 | align="right" | 13,399 | align="right" | 14,868 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,469 | align="right" | 13.8 | align="right" | 15.3 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.5 | align="right" | 1.49 |- | 2005 | align="right" | 969 | align="right" | 13,551 | align="right" | 15,144 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1,593 | align="right" | 14.0 | align="right" | 15.6 | align="right" style="color: red"|−1.6 | align="right" style="color: red"| 1.41 |- | 2006 | align="right" | 966 | align="right" | 14,193 | align="right" | 13,930 | align="right" | 263 | align="right" | 14.7 | align="right" | 14.4 | align="right" | 0.3 | align="right" | 1.41 |- | 2007 | align="right" | 965 | align="right" | 15,460 | align="right" | 12,802 | align="right" | 2,658 | align="right" | 16.0 | align="right" | 13.3 | align="right" | 2.8 | align="right" | 1.60 |- | 2008 | align="right" | 966 | align="right" | 16,372 | align="right" | 12,948 | align="right" | 3,424 | align="right" | 16.9 | align="right" | 13.4 | align="right" | 3.5 | align="right" | 1.68 |- | 2009 | align="right" | 968 | align="right" | 16,729 | align="right" | 12,466 | align="right" | 4,263 | align="right" | 17.3 | align="right" | 12.9 | align="right" | 4.4 | align="right" | 2.03 |- | 2010 | align="right" | 972 | align="right" | 16,535 | align="right" | 12,386 | align="right" | 4,149 | align="right" | 17.0 | align="right" | 12.7 | align="right" | 4.3 | align="right" | 1.99 |- | 2011 | align="right" | 972 | align="right" | 16,507 | align="right" | 12,299 | align="right" | 4,208 | align="right" | 17.0 | align="right" | 12.7 | align="right" | 4.3 | align="right" | 2.03 |- | 2012 | align="right" | 972 | align="right" | 17,006 | align="right" | 12,064 | align="right" | 4,942 | align="right" | 17.5 | align="right" | 12.4 | align="right" | 5.1 | align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.14 |- | 2013 | align="right" | 973 | align="right" | 17,108 | align="right" | 11,479 | align="right" | 5,629 | align="right" | 17.6 | align="right" | 11.8 | align="right" | 5.8 | align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.21 |- | 2014 | align="right" | 976 | align="right" | 17,093 | align="right" | 11,182 | align="right" | 5,911 | align="right" | 17.5 | align="right" | 11.5 | align="right" | 6.0 | align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.26 |- | 2015 | align="right" | 980 | align="right" | 16,981 | align="right" | 11,152 | align="right" | 5,829 | align="right" | 17.3 | align="right" | 11.4 | align="right" | 5.9 | align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.28 |- | 2016 | align="right" | 983 | align="right" | 16,128 | align="right" | 11,047 | align="right" | 5,081 | align="right" | 16.4 | align="right" | 11.2 | align="right" | 5.2 | align="right" style="color: blue"| 2.21(e) |- | 2017 | align="right" | 984 | align="right" | 14,315 | align="right" | 10,445 | align="right" | 3,870 | align="right" | 14.5 | align="right" | 10.6 | align="right" | 3.9 | align="right" style="color: blue"| |- | 2018 | align="right" | 984 | align="right" | 13,892 | align="right" | 10,347 | align="right" | 3,545 | align="right" | 14.1 | align="right" | 10.5 | align="right" | 3.6 | align="right" style="color: blue"| |- | 2019 | align="right" | | align="right" | 12,471 | align="right" | 10,844 | align="right" | 1,627 | align="right" | 12.7 | align="right" | 11.0 | align="right" | 1.7 | align="right" style="color: blue"| |- | 2020 | align="right" | | align="right" | 12,682 | align="right" | 11,786 | align="right" | 896 | align="right" | 12.9 | align="right" | 12.0 | align="right" | 0.9 | align="right" style="color: blue"| |} [[File:Центр Улан-Удэ.JPG|thumb|Ulan-Ude]] [[File:Baikalskoe - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The village of Baikalskoe on the northern shores of Lake Baikal]] [[File:Республика Бурятия, Баргузинский залив.jpg|thumb|The peninsula of Svyatoy Nos, Lake Baikal.]]

====Demographics for 2007==== Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://burstat.gks.ru/digital/region1/DocLib/nas_godgor.htm |title=Города и районы РБ |access-date=2008-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204020711/http://burstat.gks.ru/digital/region1/DocLib/nas_godgor.htm |archive-date=2011-02-04 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" !'''District''' !'''Births''' !'''Deaths''' !'''Growth''' !'''Pop (2007)''' !'''BR''' !'''DR''' !'''NGR''' |---- |'''The Republic of Buryatia''' |'''12,337''' |'''9,833''' |'''2,504''' |'''960,000''' |'''17.13''' |'''13.66''' |'''0.35%''' |---- |Ulan-Ude |4,260 |3,517 |743 |373,300 |15.22 |12.56 |0.27% |---- |Bichursky District |339 |318 |21 |26,900 |16.80 |15.76 |0.10% |---- |Dzhidinsky District |512 |309 |203 |30,800 |22.16 |13.38 |0.88% |---- |Yeravninsky District |244 |191 |53 |18,600 |17.49 |13.69 |0.38% |---- |Zaigrayevsky District |714 |630 |84 |48,700 |19.55 |17.25 |0.23% |---- |Zakamensky District |492 |322 |170 |30,400 |21.58 |14.12 |0.75% |---- |Ivolginsky District |498 |320 |178 |31,000 |21.42 |13.76 |0.77% |---- |Kabansky District |702 |779 | −77 |64,400 |14.53 |16.13 | −0.16% |---- |Kizhinginsky District |303 |192 |111 |18,700 |21.60 |13.69 |0.79% |---- |Kyakhtinsky District |629 |393 |236 |40,500 |20.71 |12.94 |0.78% |---- |Mukhorshibirsky District |338 |319 |19 |28,000 |16.10 |15.19 |0.09% |---- |Pribaykalsky District |423 |357 |66 |28,900 |19.52 |16.47 |0.30% |---- |Selenginsky District |628 |522 |106 |47,500 |17.63 |14.65 |0.30% |---- |Tarbagataysky District |205 |216 | −11 |16,900 |16.17 |17.04 | −0.09% |---- |Tunkinsky District |304 |249 |55 |23,000 |17.62 |14.43 |0.32% |---- |Khorinsky District |314 |222 |92 |19,200 |21.81 |15.42 |0.64% |---- |Barguzinsky District |367 |272 |95 |25,600 |19.11 |14.17 |0.49% |---- |Bauntovsky Evenkiysky District |126 |92 |34 |10,500 |16.00 |11.68 |0.43% |---- |Kurumkansky District |232 |129 |103 |15,600 |19.83 |11.03 |0.88% |---- |Muysky District |179 |112 |67 |15,600 |15.30 |9.57 |0.57% |---- |Okinsky District |73 |37 |36 |5,100 |19.08 |9.67 |0.94% |---- |Severo-Baykalsky District |196 |161 |35 |15,200 |17.19 |14.12 |0.31% |---- |Severobaykalsk |259 |174 |85 |25,600 |13.49 |9.06 |0.44% |---- |}

===Ethnic groups=== According to the 2021 Census,<ref name=census2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref> ethnic Russians make up 64% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Buryats comprise 32.5% of the population. Other groups include Soyots (0.5%) and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;" |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! rowspan="2" | Ethnic group ! colspan="2" | 1926 Census1 ! colspan="2" | 1939 Census ! colspan="2" | 1959 Census ! colspan="2" | 1970 Census ! colspan="2" | 1979 Census ! colspan="2" | 1989 Census ! colspan="2" | 2002 Census ! colspan="2" | 2010 Census ! colspan="2" | 2021 Census2 |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % ! Number ! % |- | align="left"| Buryats | 214,957 |43.8% | rowspan="2"| 116,382 |rowspan="2"| 21.3% | rowspan="2"| 135,798 |rowspan="2"| 20.2% | rowspan="2"| 178,660 |rowspan="2"| 22.0% | rowspan="2"| 206,860 |rowspan="2"| 23.0% | rowspan="2"| 249,525 |rowspan="2"| 24.0% | 272,910 |27.8% | 286,839 |30.0% | 295,273 |32.5% |- | align="left"| Soyots | 161 |0.0% | 2,739 |0.3% | 3,579 |0.4% | 4,316 |0.5% |- | align="left"| Russians | 258,796 |52.7% | 393,057 |72.0% | 502,568 |74.6% | 596,960 |73.5% | 647,785 |72.0% | 726,165 |69.9% | 665,512 |67.8% | 630,783 |66.1% | 581,764 |63.9% |- | align="left"| Tatars | 3,092 |0.6% | 3,840 |0.7% | 8,058 |1.2% | 9,991 |1.2% | 10,290 |1.1% | 10,496 |1.0% | 8,189 |0.8% | 6,813 |0.7% | 4,035 |0.4% |- |align="left"| Evenks | 2,808 |0.6% | 1,818 |0.3% | 1,335 |0.2% | 1,685 |0.2% | 1,543 |0.2% | 1,679 |0.2% | 2,334 |0.2% | 2,974 |0.3% | 2,995 |0.3% |- | align="left"| Ukrainians | 1,982 |0.4% | 13,392 |2.5% | 10,183 |1.5% | 10,769 |1.3% | 15,290 |1.7% | 22,868 |2.2% | 9,585 |1.0% | 5,654 |0.6% | 2,007 |0.2% |- |align="left"| Others | 9,440 |1.9% | 17,277 |3.2% | 15,384 |2.3% | 14,186 |1.7% | 17,630 |2.0% | 27,519 |2.7% | 19,969 |2.0% | 18,360 |1.9% | 19,325 |2.1% |- |align="left" colspan="19"| 1 In 1926, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR included Aga-Buryatia, Ust-Orda Buryatia, and Olkhonsky District. These territories were transferred to Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts in 1937. Consequently, the results of the 1926 census cannot be compared to the results of the censuses of 1939 and later. 2 68,873 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm|title=ВПН-2010|website=www.gks.ru}}</ref> |}

===Religion=== {{Bar box |title=Religion in Buryatia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", No. 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref> |float=right |bars= {{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|27.4}} {{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|1.2}} {{Bar percent|Protestantism|Navy|0.6}} {{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|4.2}} {{Bar percent|Buddhism|Gold|19.8}} {{Bar percent|Tengrism and Yellow shamanism or Black shamanism|Red|1.8}} {{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|24.8}} {{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|13.4}} {{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|6.8}} }} [[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Buryatia August 2009-2.jpg|thumb|Dmitry Medvedev at a Buddhist temple in Buryatia]] Traditionally, Buryats adhered to belief systems that were based on the deification of nature, belief in spirits, and the possibility of their magic influence on the surroundings. They were led by shamans, who systematized tribal beliefs and cults. From the second half of the 17th century, beliefs and cults in the shamanic form were displaced by Tibetan Buddhism, which became widespread in ethnic Buryatia. By the end of the 19th century, the majority of Buryats were part of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. A synthesis of Tibetan Buddhism and traditional beliefs that formed a system of ecological traditions has constituted a major attribute of Buryat culture.<ref>[http://www.unspecial.org/2013/01/buryatia-a-symbol-of-eurasia-in-the-heartland-of-baikal Esuna Dugarova. Buryatia – a symbol of Eurasia in the heartland of Baikal.] UN Special (magazine)</ref> In 2003, the Local Religious Organization of Shamans, Tengeri was officially registered as a religious organization in Buryatia.<ref name=":0" />

As of a 2012 survey<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 27.4% of the population adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 19.8% to Tibetan Buddhism, 2% to the Slavic Native Faith, Tengrism or Buryat shamanism, 4% declares to be unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestants), 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to churches or are members of other Orthodox churches, 1% are members of Protestant churches. In addition, 25% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% to be atheist, and 10.8% follows another religion or did not give an answer to the survey.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/>

Tibetan Buddhism and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread religions in the republic. Many Slavs, who constitute around 67% of the population, are Russian Orthodox. Since the breakup of the USSR in 1991, a small number have converted to various Protestant denominations or to Rodnovery, also known as the Slavic native faith. There are also some Catholics among the Slavs. Most of the Germans (0.11% of the population) are also Orthodox, so are some other non-European groups like Armenians (0.23%), Georgians (0.03%), and Soyot (0.37%). Buryats constitute 30.04% of the total population.

Most urban Buryats are either Buddhist or Orthodox, while those in the rural areas often adhere to Yellow shamanism, a mixture of shamanism and Buddhism, or to Black shamanism.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shimamura|first1=Ippei|title=The Roots Seekers: Shamanism and Ethnicity among the Mongol Buryats|date=2014|publisher=Shumpusha Publishing|location=Yokohama, Tanagawa, Japan|isbn=978-4-86110-397-1}}</ref> There are also Tengrist movements. Siberian Tatars are around 0.7% of the population. However, due to isolation from the main body of Tatars, many of them now are either non-religious or Orthodox. Islam is followed by immigrant groups like Azeris and Uzbeks, who constitute another 0.7% of the population.

===Education=== The higher education institutions of the republic include Buryat State University, Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, East Siberian State Academy of Arts and Culture, and East Siberia State University of Technology and Management.

==Economy== {{main|Economy of Buryatia}} The republic's economy is composed of agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite, and textiles. Fishing, hunting, fur farming, sheep and cattle farming, mining, stock raising, engineering, and food processing are also important economic generators. The unemployment rate of Buryatia was 11% in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buryatia, Republic of Unemployment rate, 2000-2022 - knoema.com |url=https://knoema.com//atlas/Russian-Federation/Buryatia-Republic-of/Unemployment-rate |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=Knoema |language=en-US}}</ref>

GDP pro person nominal in 2018 was 3,650 USD<ref>{{Cite web|title=Валовой региональный продукт|url=https://mrd.gks.ru/folder/27963|website=mrd.gks.ru|access-date=2022-10-03|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112160258/https://mrd.gks.ru/folder/27963|url-status=dead}}</ref> and PPP in 2009 was 11,148 USD.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.undp.ru/documents/nhdr2011eng.pdf |title=UNDP |access-date=2022-10-03 |archive-date=2016-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318114713/http://www.undp.ru/documents/nhdr2011eng.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Tourism== Lake Baikal is a popular tourist destination, especially in summer.

==See also== {{portal|Siberia}} *Music of Buryatia *Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources== *{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Верховный Совет Республики Бурятия |ru_date=22 февраля 1994 г. |ru_title=Республика Бурятия. Конституция |ru_amendment_type=Закона |ru_amendment_number=332-IV |ru_amendment_date=7 июля 2008 г |en_entity=Supreme Council of the Republic of Buryatia |en_date=22 February 1994 |en_title=Republic of Buryatia. Constitution |en_amendment_type=Law |en_amendment_number=332-IV |en_amendment_date=7 July 2008 }}

==Further reading== *{{Cite journal |last=Leisse |first=Olaf |author2=Utta-Kristin Leisse |date=September 2007 |title=A Siberian Challenge: Dealing with Multiethnicity in the Republic of Buryatia |journal=Nationalities Papers |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=773–788 |doi=10.1080/00905990701475178 |s2cid=154820578 }} * ''Anthology of Buryat folklore'', Pushkinskiĭ dom, 2000 (CD)

==External links== {{Commons category|Buryatia}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20041204033734/http://egov-buryatia.ru:8081/ Official website of the Republic of Buryatia] *{{in lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040216024317/http://gov.buryatia.ru:8080/ Official website of the Republic of Buryatia] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040804011638/http://gov.buryatia.ru:8082/ Official website of the Republic of Buryatia] (in Buryat) *{{in lang|ru}} [http://buryatia.org Buryatia.org], site about life in the Republic of Buryatia *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043140/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2704/stories/20100226270406400.htm Article on Buddhism in Buryatia and Mongolia] *{{in lang|ru}} [https://xn--90aoxid7ec.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ Informational website of Buryatia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130022953/https://xn--90aoxid7ec.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ |date=2023-01-30 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buryatia, Republic of}} Category:Buryatia Category:Buryat people Category:States and territories established in 1923 Category:1923 establishments in the Soviet Union Category:Russian Far East Category:Far Eastern Federal District Category:Republics of Russia Category:Countries and territories where Russian is an official language