{{Short description|Arena where bullfighting is performed}} {{About||the retail complex in Birmingham, UK|Bull Ring, Birmingham|other uses|Bull Ring (disambiguation)}} [[File:Spain Andalusia Malaga BW 2015-10-24 09-52-48.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Málaga]]'s bullring lies in the heart of the city.]] [[File:Sevilla-3-8_(48040412768).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Façade of the oldest bullring in Spain, [[La Maestranza]] in [[Seville]].]] [[File:PlazadetorosMexico.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The [[Plaza México]], which is situated in Mexico City, is the world's largest bullring.]] [[File:Nimes amphi.jpg|thumb|250px|The facade of the [[Arena of Nîmes]] in [[Nîmes]], a converted Roman amphitheatre]] [[File:Plaza de Toros, Bullfighting ring in Ronda, Spain 2.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Plaza de Toros de Ronda|Plaza de toros de Ronda]].]] [[File:MADRID 060725 MXALX 106 (5786603433).jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Plaza de toros de Chinchón.]]
A '''bullring''' is an [[arena]] where [[bullfighting]] is performed. Bullrings are often associated with the [[Iberian Peninsula]], but they can also be found through [[Iberian America]] and in a few Spanish and Portuguese ex-colonies in Africa. Bullrings are often historic and culturally significant centres that bear many structural similarities to the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[amphitheatre]].
== Common structure == The classic bullring is an enclosed, roughly circular amphitheatre with tiered rows of stands that surround an open central space. The open space forms the arena or ''ruedo'', a field of densely packed crushed rock (''albero'') that is the stage for the bullfight. Also on the ground level, the central arena is surrounded by a staging area where the bullfighters prepare and take refuge, called the ''callejón'' (alley). The ''callejón'' is separated from the arena by a wall or other structure, usually made of wood and roughly 140 cm high. The partition wall has doors for the entrance and exit of the bull (''puerta de los toriles'') and human participants (''puerta de cuadrilla''), although the form, number, and placement of these doors will vary from one bullring to another. In regular places, the wall is pushed outwards leaving splits (''burladero'', from burlar: to evade, to dodge) that allow the bullfighters to go in the arena and to take refuge but are too narrow for the bull. Nevertheless, on rare occasions the bull jumps the wall causing havoc in the corridor. The walls also have a type of stirrup or foothold that aids in crossing over to the central arena, and sometimes stirrups on the arena side as well; these are used mostly by event staff if they need to intervene quickly in the case of an emergency. The arena is surrounded by climbing rows of seats. The seats are priced differently according to the position of the sun during the show, normally in the afternoon. The hot ''sol'', "sun", is cheaper than the fresher ''sombra'', "shade".
== Architectural origins == {{more citations needed|date=January 2016}} Bullrings evolved as specialized sporting arenas hand-in-hand with the sport that demanded them. Many of the ancient Roman amphitheatres had characteristics that can be seen in the bullrings of today (in fact [[Arena of Nîmes|the ring]] in [[Nîmes]], France, is a Roman artifact,<ref>{{Cite web |title=arenes-nimes.com |url=https://www.arenes-nimes.com/arenes |website=Nimes la Romaine}}</ref> though it is more elliptical than the usual plaza), and the origin of [[bullfighting]] is very closely related to certain Roman traditions; in the formative years of the sport on the [[Iberian Peninsula]], those Roman enclosures were not commonly utilised for bullfighting events. Back when bullfighting festivals were conducted principally on horseback, the spectacle was a more public affair that took place in the city's open [[plaza]] areaIt was only later, when bullfights were conducted principally by men on foot, that the public needed a structure to house them appropriately. Initially, temporary wooden fences were erected to prevent the bulls from escaping. When bullfights became much more popular in 18th century, not only did the crowd need special seating to view the spectacle, they also needed a structure to contain the general disorder that reigned at festivals during the heyday of such legendary figures as [[Costillares]], [[Pedro Romero]], and [[Pepe-Hillo]].
For centuries, early ''cosos'' (from Latin ''cursum'', meaning course, track) were rectangular. The earliest examples are found in the [[Sierra de Aracena|Sierra de Huelva]], which was the destination of [[transhumance]] routes from [[León, Spain|León]], who brought some of their culture with them, including the feast of [[Mammes of Caesarea|San Mamés]], mostly associated with northern Spain. It was precisely in the hamlet of San Mamés, between [[Aroche]] and [[Rosal de la Frontera]], where the oldest documented ''coso'' was built in 1599.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hallan los restos del coso taurino más antiguo de España |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/04/03/toros/1049393464.html |access-date=13 October 2024 |work=El Mundo |agency=Europa Press |date=3 April 2003}}</ref> Very little of the structure of this rectangular arena remains, which has been extensively documented by local historian Antonio Rodríguez Guillén "Chamizo".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rodríguez Guillén "Chamizo" |first1=Antonio |title=La plaza de toros más antigua del mundo, entre Rosal de la Frontera y Aroche |url=http://ambitotoros.blogspot.com/2013/12/la-plaza-de-toros-mas-antigua-del-mundo.html |website=Infonubex |publisher=Centro de Investigación: Memoria e Historia de la Sierra |access-date=13 October 2024 |language=es |date=2013}}</ref> Another old ''coso'' was built in [[Almonaster la Real]] in 1608, and the nearby plaza from [[Campofrío]], completed in 1718, is among the oldest with a circular shape.<ref>{{cite news |title=Protegida plaza toros de Campofrío (Huelva), de las más antiguas de España |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160705/402984334417/protegida-plaza-toros-de-campofrio-huelva-de-las-mas-antiguas-de-espana.html |access-date=13 October 2024 |work=La Vanguardia |agency=EFE |date=5 July 2016 |language=es}}</ref> The oldest plaza still in use, Las Virtudes in [[Santa Cruz de Mudela]], [[Ciudad Real]], dates from 1641 and has a square shape. The plaza from [[Béjar]] (1711) was originally rectangular and later made circular. Likewise, when the [[Maestranza (Seville)|La Maestranza]] bullring in [[Seville]] was authorized for construction in 1730 specifically to house bullfights, the original plans called for a rectangular arena for the first three years, only later to be changed to a circular form that avoided the cornering of the action and put all viewers at the same approximate distance, the same reason for the elliptical form of amphitheatres. Another circular plaza was begun in [[Ronda]] in 1754, and it featured its first bullfights in 1782.
In the late 19th century, the [[Neo-Mudéjar]] style became in vogue for plazas, involving decoration in visible brickwork. Since the 1990s, new construction technology allows some rings to be covered permanently or temporarily.
==Alternative uses== [[File:José Jiménez Aranda A Pass in the Bullring 1870.jpg|thumb|''A Pass in the Bullring'', in 1870, Seville, by painter [[José Jiménez Aranda]].]] The primary purpose of the ring is bullfighting, but it is usually limited to some festival weeks in the year. In other times, it may be used as a concert venue as in the ''[[Rock en el ruedo]]'' tour of [[Miguel Ríos]] or the live record ''[[Diamonds & Rust in the Bullring]]'', featuring a [[Joan Baez]] concert in the Bilbao plaza.
Before the diffusion of modern sports premises, bullrings were used in the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] for [[Basque Country (greater region)#Traditional Basque sports|traditional sports]] similar to challenges of [[Strength training|resistance running]]. The public made bets on the number of laps the runner could make. No bulls were involved.
After the [[battle of Badajoz (1936)]] of the [[Spanish Civil War]], the Badajoz ring was used as a confinement camp for supporters of [[Second Spanish Republic|the republic]] and many thousands were executed there by the Nationalist forces who had just occupied the town.
Most indoor bullrings, especially in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, in addition to being used for concerts, have also been used for indoor sports such as [[basketball]], [[ice hockey]], [[boxing]] and [[lucha libre]].
== Bullrings of the world == The most famous bullrings in the world are [[Las Ventas|Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas]] in [[Madrid]] (Spain), widely regarded as the most prestigious one, [[La Maestranza]] in [[Seville]] (Spain), [[Campo Pequeno]] in [[Lisbon]] (Portugal) and [[Plaza de Toros México]] in [[Mexico City]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
===Europe=== ====Spain==== =====Major venues in Spain===== *[[Las Ventas|Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas]], [[Madrid]] (1931) *[[Plaza de Toros de Valencia]] (1851) *[[Maestranza (Seville)|La Maestranza]], [[Seville]] (1761) *[[Plaza de Toros de Vista Alegre]], Bilbao *[[Plaza de Toros de Pamplona]], Pamplona *[[Plaza de toros de La Malagueta]], Málaga *[[Plaza de Toros de los Califas]], Córdoba *[[Donostia Arena]], San Sebastián *[[Plaza de Toros de Zaragoza]] (1990)
===== Local venues in Spain ===== *[[Aranjuez#Plaza de Toros|Plaza de Toros, Aranjuez]] (1760) *[[Plaza de Toros de Albacete]], [[Albacete]] (1917) *Plaza de Toros de Alicante, [[Alicante]] (1847) *[[Plaza de Toros de El Puerto]] de Santa María, [[Cádiz]] (1880) *[[Fuengirola Bullring|Plaza de Toros de Fuengirola]], [[Fuengirola]] (1962) *[[:es:Plaza de Toros de Granada|Plaza de Toros de Granada]] (1928) *[[Plaza de Toros de Jaén]] (1960) *[[Plaza de Toros de La Coruña]], [[A Coruña]] (1991) *[[Plaza de Toros de La Ribera]], [[Logroño]] (2001) *[[Plaza de Toros de Marbella]], [[Marbella]] (1964) *[[Plaza de Toros de La Merced]], [[Huelva]] (1968) *[[Plaza de Toros de Murcia]] (1885) *[[Iradier Arena|Plaza de Toros de Vitoria-Gasteiz]] (1941) *[[Plaza de toros de Ronda|Plaza de Toros de Ronda]], [[Ronda]] (1785) *[[Plaza de Toros La Glorieta]], [[Salamanca]] (1893) *[[Plaza de Toros de El Bibio]], [[Gijón]] (1888) *[[Bullring of Toledo|Plaza de Toros de Toledo]] (1865) *[[:es:Plaza de toros de Segovia|Plaza de Toros de Segovia]], (1805)
====Portugal==== [[File:Campo Pequeno.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Campo Pequeno Bullring]]]] *[[Campo Pequeno bullring]], [[Lisbon]] *[[Vila Franca de Xira Bullring|Praça Toiros Palha Blanco, Vila Franca de Xira]] *Coliseu Figueirense, [[Figueira da Foz]] *Coliseu de Redondo, [[Redondo, Portugal|Redondo]] *[[Póvoa de Varzim Bullfighting Arena]], [[Póvoa de Varzim]] (near [[Porto]]) *[[Praça de Toiros de Albufeira]], [[Albufeira]] *Praça de Touros Amadeu Augusto dos Santos, [[Montijo, Portugal|Montijo]] *Praça de Touros Celestino Graça, [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]] *Praça de Touros da Luz, [[Mourão]] (in contemporary architectural style) *Praça de Touros Daniel de Nascimento, [[Moita]] *Praça de Touros de Abiúl, [[Pombal, Portugal|Pombal]] (one of the oldest) *Praça de Touros de Estremoz, [[Estremoz]] *Praça de Touros de Monsaraz, [[Reguengos de Monsaraz]] (very ancient) *Praça de Touros de Montemor-o-Novo, [[Montemor-o-Novo]] *[[Nazaré Bullring|Praça de Touros da Nazaré]], [[Nazaré, Portugal|Nazaré]] *Praça de Touros de Salvaterra, [[Salvaterra de Magos]] *Praça de Touros de Santa Eulália, [[Elvas]] *Praça de Touros de Santo António das Areias, [[Marvão]] *Praça de Touros de Sobral de Monte Agraço, [[Sobral de Monte Agraço]] *Praça de Touros de Urrós, [[Mogadouro]] *Praça de Touros do Cartaxo, [[Cartaxo]] *Praça de Touros João Branco Núncio, [[Alcácer do Sal]] *Praça de Touros Carlos Relvas, [[Setúbal]]
====France==== *The [[Arena of Nîmes]], [[Nîmes]] *The [[Arles Amphitheatre|arena]] in [[Arles]] *The arena in [[Alès]] *The arena in Mont de Marsan *The arena in Bouillargues *The arena in [[Trèbes]] *The arena in [[Vauvert]] *There are also arenas in an important part of small villages of [[Camargue]] Villages round the Camargue, such as Rodilhan in the Gard, who also practise 'mise à mort' - killing the bull.
===Africa=== *[[Plaza de toros de Melilla]], [[Melilla]]
====Algeria==== *[[Arènes d'Oran]], [[Oran]]
====Angola==== *Luanda Bullring, [[Luanda]]
====Morocco==== *[[Plaza de Toros Tangier]], [[Tangier]] *Laayoune bullring, [[Laayoune]]
====Mozambique==== *[[Praça de Touros Monumental de Lourenço Marques]], [[Maputo]]
===Americas=== ====Mexico==== *[[Coliseo Centenario]], [[Torreón]] *[[Plaza de Toros México]], [[Mexico City]] (Currently the biggest bullring worldwide) *[[Plaza de Toros Monumental de Aguascalientes]], [[Aguascalientes]] *[[Plaza de Toros Monumental de Tijuana]], [[Tijuana]] *Plaza de Toros Santa María, [[Santiago de Querétaro]] *[[Plaza Monumental de Morelia]], [[Morelia]] *[[Plaza Nuevo Progreso]], [[Guadalajara]] *Plaza El Paseo, [[San Luis Potosí City|San Luis Potosí]] *Plaza de Toros El Relicario, [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]] *Plaza Santiago J. Vivanco, [[Matehuala]] *Plaza de Toros Jorge "El Ranchero" Aguilar, [[Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala|Tlaxcala]] *Plaza Monumental Zacatecas, [[Zacatecas City|Zacatecas]] *Plaza Monumental Monterrey Lorenzo Garza, [[Monterrey]] *Plaza de Toros Cadereyta, [[Cadereyta Jiménez]] *Plaza de Toros Alejandra, [[Durango, Durango|Durango]] *Plaza de Toros Provincia Juriquilla, [[Santiago de Querétaro]] *Plaza La Luz, [[León, Guanajuato|León]] *Plaza San Marcos, [[Aguascalientes City|Aguascalientes]] *Plaza Silverio Pérez, [[Texcoco, State of Mexico|Texcoco]] *Plaza Quintana Roo, [[Cancún]] *Plaza El Centenario (The Centennial), [[Tlaquepaque]] *Plaza de Toros Alberto Balderas, [[Ciudad Juárez]] *Plaza Revolución, [[Irapuato]] *Plaza de Mérida [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]] *Plaza Calafia, [[Mexicali]] *Palacio del Arte, [[Morelia]] *Plaza de la Concordia, [[Orizaba]] *Plaza de Toros La Esperanza, [[Chihuahua, Chihuahua|Chihuahua]] *Plaza de Toros Vicente Segura, [[Pachuca]] *Plaza de Toros Rodolfo Gaona, [[Cañadas de Obregón]], [[Jalisco]] *Monumental Plaza de Toros El Pinal, [[Teziutlán]] *Monumental Plaza de Toros de Don Antonio, [[Tepic]] *Plaza de Toros La Sinaloense, [[Culiacán]] *Plaza de Toros Alberto Balderas de Moroleón, [[Moroleón]] *Plaza de Toros Monumental de Villahermosa, [[Villahermosa]] *Plaza de Toros La Taurina, [[Huamantla]] *Plaza de Toros Jose Julian Llaguno, [[Tlaltenango de Sánchez Román|Tlatenango]]
====Argentina==== *[[Plaza de Toros de Montserrat]] (1791–1799) *[[Plaza de Toros del Retiro]] (1801–1818)
====Colombia==== [[Image:Santamaria.jpg|thumb|right|[[Santamaría Bullring]]]] *[[Santamaría Bullring]], [[Bogotá]] *[[Plaza de Toros La Macarena]], [[Medellín]] *[[Plaza de Toros de Manizales]], [[Manizales]] *Plaza de Toros Cañaveralejo, [[Cali]] *Plaza de toros El Bosque, [[Armenia]]. *Plaza de toros La Pradera, [[Sogamoso]]. *Plaza de toros de Vistahermosa, [[Floridablanca, Santander|Floridablanca]] (Santander). *Plaza de toros Monumental Señor de los Milagros, [[Girón, Santander|Girón]] (Santander). *Plaza de toros de Cartagena, [[Cartagena de Indias]]. *Plaza de toros César Rincón, [[Duitama]]. *Plaza de toros Pepe Cáceres, [[Ibagué]]. *Plaza de toros de San Fermín, [[Pamplona]]. *Plaza de toros de Cúcuta, [[Cúcuta]]. *Plaza de toros Agustín Barona, [[Palmira, Valle del Cauca|Palmira]]. *Plaza de toros La Real Maestranza, [[Guatavita]].
====Ecuador==== *[[Plaza de toros de Quito]], [[Quito]].
====Peru==== [[File:Plaza Acho.jpg|thumb|The colonial [[Plaza de toros de Acho]] in [[Lima]], Peru, opened on 30 January 1766.]] *[[Plaza de toros de Acho]], [[Lima]]. 2nd oldest. 30 January 1766. *Plaza de Toros Sol y Sombra, Lima *Plaza de Toros de la Provincia de Cutervo, [[Cajamarca]] *Plaza de Toros "El Vizcaíno", Cajamarca *Plaza de Toros de Trujillo "El Coliseo", [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]] *Plaza de Toros de El Coliseo, [[Huancayo]] *Plaza de Toros de Sicaya, Huancayo *Plaza de Toros de la Unión, [[Huánuco]] *Plaza de Toros de Guadalupe, [[Ica, Peru|Ica]] *Plaza de Toros de Puquío, [[Ayacucho]].
====Uruguay==== *[[Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos]], [[Colonia del Sacramento]] (closed after prohibition of bull fighting in 1912)
====Venezuela==== *Plaza Monumental de Valencia, [[Valencia, Carabobo]]. (The 2nd largest bullring in the world) *Maestranza César Girón, [[Maracay]] *[[Plaza de toros Monumental de Maracaibo]], [[Maracaibo]] *[[Plaza Monumental de Toros de Pueblo Nuevo]], [[San Cristóbal, Táchira]] *[[Plaza Monumental Román Eduardo Sandia]], [[Mérida, Mérida]]
====United States==== *Santa Maria Bullring, San Isidro, Texas
== Bullrings by capacity ==
{{row counter|{| class{{=}}"wikitable sortable" !# !Bullring !Location !Capacity !Image |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros México]] |[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]] |41,262 |[[File:AbovePlazaTorosDF.JPG|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros Monumental de Valencia]] |[[Valencia]], [[Venezuela]] |24,708 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Las Ventas|Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas]] |[[Madrid]], [[Spain]] |23,798 |[[File:Redondel-las ventas.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Bullring by the Sea|Plaza Monumental de Tijuana]] |[[Tijuana]], [[Mexico]] |21,621 |[[File:TijuanaPlazaDeTorosByPhilKonstantin.JPG|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Pamplona]] |[[Pamplona]], [[Spain]] |19,720 |[[File:Interior Plaza de Toros de Pamplona.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza Nuevo Progreso]] |[[Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]] |16,561 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros Monumental de Aguascalientes]] |[[Aguascalientes]], [[Mexico]] |16,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza Monumental Román Eduardo Sandia]] |[[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]], [[Venezuela]] |16,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros Monumental de Maracaibo]] |[[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]] |15,000 |[[File:Plaza de Toros de Maracaibo pano-1-7.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de La Merced]] |[[Huelva]], [[Spain]] |15,000 |[[File:Plaza de toros de Huelva.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Murcia]] |[[Murcia]], [[Spain]] |15,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza Monumental de Toros de Pueblo Nuevo]] |[[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]], [[Venezuela]] |15,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Vista Alegre]] |[[Bilbao]], [[Spain]] |14,781 |[[File:Bilbao, Plaza de Toros Vista Alegre, 10 mai 2011 (5710213995).jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros Cañaveralejo]] |[[Cali]], [[Colombia]] |14,368 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Granada]] |[[Granada]], [[Spain]] |14,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de los Califas]] |[[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], [[Spain]] |14,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Acho]] |[[Lima]], [[Peru]] |13,700 |[[File:Comparsa FEFA.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Praça de Touros Celestino Graça]] |[[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], [[Portugal]] |13,179 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Valencia]] |[[Valencia]], [[Spain]] |12,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Albacete]] |[[Albacete]], [[Spain]] |12,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Maestranza (Seville)|Plaza de Toros de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla]] |[[Seville]], [[Spain]] |12,000 |[[File:Plaza de Toros de la Real Maestranza - Sevilla.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de La Ribera]] |[[Logroño]], [[Spain]] |11,046 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros Calafia]] |[[Mexicali]], [[Mexico]] |11,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Valladolid]] |[[Valladolid]], [[Spain]] |11,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de toros de Las Palomas|Monumental Las Palomas]] |[[Algeciras]], [[Spain]] |11,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros La Glorieta]] |[[Salamanca]], [[Spain]] |10,858 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Jaén]] |[[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]], [[Spain]] |10,500 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Zaragoza]] |[[Zaragoza]], [[Spain]] |10,072 |[[File:Zaragoza - Plaza de Toros.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Santander]] |[[Santander, Spain|Santander]], [[Spain]] |10,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Palencia]] |[[Palencia]], [[Spain]] |10,000 | |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de toros Maestranza César Girón]] |[[Maracay]], [[Venezuela]] |7,000 |[[File:Maestranza César Girón 2.jpg|150px]] |- | style{{=}}"text-align:center;"| _row_count |[[Plaza de Toros de Muro]] |[[Muro,_Mallorca|Muro]], [[Spain]] |4,800 |[[File:Plaza de Toros de Muro.jpg|150px]] |-
|} }}
==See also== *[[Lists of stadiums]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == *[http://www.rmcr.org/ Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda] *[http://www.realmaestranza.com/ Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla] *[http://www.aboutspaintravel.com/index.php?itemid=13#more Plaza de Toros, Ronda Spain] *[http://www.andalucia.com/bullfight/bullrings/home.htm Andalucia Spain bullrings] *[http://www.barcelona.com/barcelona_directory/monuments/monumental_bullring_barcelona Plaza de Toros Monumental de Barcelona] {{Commons category|Bullrings}}
{{Bullfighting}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Bullrings| ]] [[Category:Sports venues by type]]