Bulla (gastropod)

{{Short description|Genus of sea snails}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Bulla gouldiana cropped.png | image_caption = A shell of ''Bulla gouldiana'' | parent_authority = Gray, 1827 | taxon = Bulla | authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | display_parents = 2 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = *''Bullaria'' Rafinesque, 1815 *''Quibulla'' Iredale, 1929 *''Vesica'' Swainson, 1840 | type_species = ''Bulla ampulla'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 }}

'''''Bulla''''' is a genus of medium to large hermaphrodite sea snails, shelled marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs. These herbivorous snails are in the order Cephalaspidea.<ref name="WoRMS">Gofas, S. (2010). Bulla Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137716 on 2011-05-04</ref>

These snails are popularly known as "bubble snails" because the shell of some of the species is very inflated indeed, almost spherical in shape, and is also very thin and light.

According to some experts, ''Bulla'' is currently the only genus in the family '''Bullidae''', which in turn is the only member of the superfamily Bulloidea.

In addition to its taxonomic interest, ''Bulla'' — particularly ''Bulla gouldiana'' — has served as an important model organism in circadian biology research, where it has been used to investigate circadian rhythms, photoentrainment, and the neural basis of biological timekeeping, contributing to the broader understanding of biological rhythms and neural systems.

== Taxonomy == ''Bulla'', ''Haminoea'' and ''Smaragdinella'' form the well-defined monophyletic group Bulloidea, according to the 1996 phylogenetic analysis of Paula M. Mikkelsen (Malacologia, 37(2): 375-442). But, according to Dr. Bill Rudman and others, differences in the alimentary canal and reproductive system, still put ''Haminoea'' and ''Smaragdinella'' into the separate superfamily Haminoeidea.

Historically, since the 18th century and even in the 20th century, the genus name ''Bulla'' has been used for a great number of bubble-shelled species that belonged to the order Cephalapsidea. From the mid-20th century, authors began to restrict species to the genus ''Bulla'' in its current meaning. But misidentifications were still numerous through high levels of intraspecific variability in the shell, radula and male genital system. The monograph by Malaquias & Reid (2008) has offered a systematic revision of this genus and has brought order in this genus <ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00369.x/full Malaquias M.A. & Reid D.G. (2008). Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153:453-543].</ref>

<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Bulla ampulla 01.JPG|''Bulla ampulla'' File:Bulla striata 01.JPG|''Bulla striata'' File:Bulla vernicosa 01.JPG|''Bulla vernicosa'' File:Bulla gouldiana.jpg|''Bulla gouldiana'' </gallery>

== Anatomy == [[File:Coquille_de_Bulla_vernicosa.jpg|thumb|A shell of ''Bulla vernicosa'']]

=== Shell description === All ''Bulla'' species have large, ovate external shells, which are large enough to accommodate the whole snail when retracted. All species have rather similarly shaped shells. The shells have a deep, narrow umbilicus at the apex. There is no operculum.

The smooth shell of ''Bulla'' is ovate and expanded, with a deep, sunken involute top. Since there is little difference between the shells and in the morphology of the radular teeth, there is some uncertainty about the exact taxonomy of the species in ''Bulla''.

=== Anatomy of the soft parts === The gizzard of ''Bulla'' is rather different from that of other herbivorous groups. It has three large corneous crushing plates and ancillary corneous spines, instead of just grinding plates. The crawling snails show prominent, frilled or lobed parapodia.

''Bulla'' species have a soft radula.

== Life habits== These snails are mostly nocturnal and can be found on shallow, sandy coasts grazing among sea grasses, feeding primarily on green algae. They bury themselves in mud when the tide is out.

== Predators == In the coastal lagoons and bays of California, the colorful nudibranch ''Navanax inermis'' is a well-known predator of sea slugs, especially ''Bulla gouldiana'', which it envelopes whole.

== Species == thumb|A shell of ''Bulla ampulla''

* ''Bulla ampulla'' Linnaeus, 1758 '''Pacific bulla''', '''ampulle bulla''' ** Distribution : on sandy sublittoral bottoms of warmer seas, tropical Indo-Pacific, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Philippines ** Length : 60 mm (largest shell of the Cephalaspidea) ** Description : This is the common ''Bulla'' in tropical Indo-Pacific; globose, inflated, moderately solid body whorl. The white aperture is as long as the rest of the shell.The rounded outer lip is extended posteriorly beyond the apex. Columella in a reversed 'S'-shape, smooth and thinly callous. Cream-colored with blotches of dark, purple-brown. * ''Bulla arabica'' Malaquias & Reid, 2008<ref>Manuel Antonio E. Malaquias and David G. Reid [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00369.x Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis]. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', Volume 153, Issue 3, Page 453-543, Jul 2008, {{doi|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00369.x}}</ref> * ''Bulla bermudae'' Verrill and Bush, 1900 ** Distribution : Bermudas ** Length : 3 mm * ''Bulla clausa'' Dall, 1889 '''imperforate bubble''' ** Distribution : Florida ** Length : 12 mm * ''Bulla gouldiana'' Pilsbry, 1895 '''California bubble''', '''Gould's bubble''', '''cloudy bubble''' ** Distribution : Northwest America, California to Ecuador ** Length : 30–64 mm ** Description: semi-transparent head, mantle and foot are yellowish-brown with mottled pale-bluish dots; reddish to brown involute (= sunken) apex; the aperture is wide anteriorly, narrow posteriorly; their egg mass is yellow to orange tangled string of jelly, containing oval capsules. Each one contains up to 25 eggs, which develop into veliger larvae. * ''Bulla indolens'' Dall, 1927 ** Distribution : Georgia ** Length : 7.5 mm ** Description : found at depths up to 800 m * ''Bulla japonica'' T. Habe, 1976 ** Distribution : Japan * ''Bulla krebsii'' Dall, 1889 ** Distribution : Guadeloupe ** Length : 8 mm ** Description : found at depths up to 1400 m * ''Bulla mabillei'' E. A. A. Locard, 1896 '''Mabille's bubble''' ** Distribution : Turkey, Canaries, Madeira, Cape Verde, West Africa ** Length : 33–52 mm ** Description : larger than the other European species; difficult to obtain; color : yellowish-brown with dark bluish dots * ''Bulla morgana'' Dall, 1908 ** Distribution : West America * ''Bulla occidentalis'' A. Adams, 1850 (synonym of ''Bulla striata'') '''common West Indian bubble''' ** Distribution : Brazil, North Carolina to Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean. ** Length : 25 mm ** Description : thin, rotund, oval shell with a smooth, glazed surface; pale color with brown spots; involute (= sunken) apex; large body whorl; long aperture, wide anteriorly; white columella. * ''Bulla orientalis'' T. Habe, 1941 ** Distribution : Indo Pacific ** Description : brown punctuate marks on the shell * ''Bulla peasiana'' Pilsbry, 1895 * ''Bulla punctulata'' A. Adams In Sowerby, 1850 ** Distribution : Pacific, California, Mexico, Peru ** Length : 30 mm ** Description : the shell looks like the one of ''Bulla ampula'', but is smaller and more cylindrical. Its color is cream, with clouding of brown or gray in two to four spiral bands, generally spotted with squarish chocolate dots, bordered to the right by white spots. * ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843 '''brown bubble shell''' ** Distribution : Southern Australia, northern New Zealand. ** Length : 44 mm-60 mm ** Description :The calcified shell has a gray-brown color, with blotches of various shades of brown; the snail has a bright honey-golden color. The hind extremities of the headshield have evolved into tentacles, directing the water over Hancock's organ. The egg-mass is a jelly-like sphere, with the eggs in a spiral string. After the breeding period, there occurs a mass mortality of the animals, just like the sea hares. * ''Bulla solida'' Gmelin, 1791 '''solid bubble''' ** Distribution : Mexico, Florida, Texas, Cuba, Colombia. ** Length : 30–52 mm ** Description : found at depths up to 25 m * ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 '''common Atlantic bubble''', '''striate bubble''' ** Distribution : Mediterranean, Morocco, Canaries, Azores, Atlantic Ocean, Florida ** Length : 12–30 mm ** Description : The shell is thin, delicate and rather narrow. The body whorl is oval and convex. The smooth elongated aperture narrows posteriorly, but is wide anteriorly. The columellar callus is rather small; The thin outer lip is incurved and extends a little beyond the apex; The color is brown-gray, with darker, smudged dots and dashes, spread unevenly over the surface. The surface is smooth, with some spiral grooves at the posterior end and at the apical umbilicus. There is no operculum. The foot is well developed. There are no parapodia (fleshy winglike outgrowths). The broadened head has no tentacles. The gills and the osphradium are inside the mantle cavity. The radula has three laterals on each side of the central tooth. * ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 (most probably a color variant of ''Bulla ampulla'') ** Distribution : Indo Pacific, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Tonga ** Length : 27–50 mm ** Description : white-colored shell with light brown spots

== Other species == In addition to the above, there are a substantial number of names in ''Bulla'' that apply to the species ''Akera bullata'', including ''Bulla akera'' (Gmelin, J.F., 1791), ''Bulla norwegica'' (Bruguière, J.G., 1789), ''Bulla canaliculata'' (Olivi, 1792), ''Bulla resiliens'' (Donovan, E., 1801), ''Bulla fragilis'' (Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822), ''Bulla hanleyi'' (Adams A. in Sowerby G.B. II, 1850/1855), Bulla elastica (Sandri & Danilo, 1856), ''Bulla farrani'' (Norman, 1890), ''Bulla globosa'' (Cantraine, F.J., 1840)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=mollusca&menuentry=soorten&id=532&tab=synoniemen|title=Marine Species Identification Portal : Akera bullata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gastropods.com/5/Shell_5525.shtml|title=Akera bullata|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217110341/http://www.gastropods.com/5/Shell_5525.shtml|archive-date=17 December 2009}}</ref>

==Synonyms== {{hidden begin|toggle=left|title=Extended list of synonyms}} * ''Bulla abyssicola'' Dall, 1881 (junior synonym of ''Bulla pinguicula'') * ''Bulla achatina'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Achatina achatina'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla acuminata'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Volvulella acuminata'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla acuta'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Volvulella minuta'' (Bush, 1885) * ''Bulla adansonii'' Philippi, 1847 : synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 ** Distribution: West Africa, Gabon, Cape Verde ** Length : 15 mm * ''Bulla akera'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla alba'' Turton, 1825: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla albocincta'' van der Hoeven, 1839: synonym of ''Hydatina albocincta'' (van der Hoeven, 1839) * ''Bulla algirae'' A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1850: synonym of ''Melanochlamys algirae'' (A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1850) * ''Bulla amplustre'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Aplustrum amplustre'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla amygdala'' Dillwyn, 1817 : synonym of ''Bulla striata'' ** Distribution: Canaries, East Atlantic, Mediterranean, Florida, Brazil ** Length : 40 mm * ''Bulla amygdalum'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla amygdalus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla angasi'' Pilsbry, 1893 : synonym of ''Bulla mabillei'' Locard, 1897 ** Distribution: Australia ** Length: 25 mm ** Description: smooth, sturdy, cylindrical shell; color : dark brown * ''Bulla antillarum'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Haminoea antillarum'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla aperta'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of ''Philine aperta'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Bulla arachis'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Adamnestia arachis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla aspersa'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Bulla punctulata'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850 * ''Bulla atrolineata'' Schröter, 1804: synonym of ''Hydatina physis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla aurisjudae'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Ellobium aurisjudae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla aurismidae'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Ellobium aurismidae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla australis'' Gray, 1825: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla australis'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla bidentata'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Cylichnella bidentata'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla biplex'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Truncacteocina biplex'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla biplicata'' A. Adams, 1850 (synonym of ''Acteocina bidentata'' (d'Orbigny, 1841)) ** Distribution : Japan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Florida, Caribbean, Brazil, Uruguay ** Length : 4 mm * ''Bulla birostris'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of ''Phenacovolva birostris'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Bulla bizona'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Mnestia bizona'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla blainvilliana'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of ''Atys jeffreysi'' (Weinkauff, 1866) * ''Bulla blainvilliana'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of ''Cylichnina umbilicata'' (Montagu, 1803): synonym of ''Retusa umbilicata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla botanica'' Ch. Hedley, 1918 '''Australian true bubble''', '''common true bubble''' : synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 ** Distribution : Australia ** Length : 32–55 mm * ''Bulla brevis'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Liloa brevis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla bulla'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''Philine quadripartita'' Ascanius, 1772 * ''Bulla calyculata'' Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829: synonym of ''Smaragdinella calyculata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Bulla canaliculata'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Tonna canaliculata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla carnea'' Poiret, 1789: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia carnea'' (Poiret, 1789) * ''Bulla carnosa'' Cuvier, 1810: synonym of ''Philinopsis depicta'' (Renier, 1807) * ''Bulla castanea'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla catena'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Philine catena'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla catenulifera'' MacGillivray, 1843: synonym of ''Philine scabra'' (O. F. Müller, 1784) * ''Bulla cerealis'' Gould, 1853: synonym of ''Acteocina cerealis'' (Gould, 1853) * ''Bulla cerina'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Haminoea antillarum'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla ceylanica'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Akera soluta'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla cinctoria'' Perry, 1811: synonym of ''Hydatina zonata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Bulla coarctata'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Truncacteocina coarctata'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla coffea'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Melampus coffea'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla columellaris'' Menke, 1854: synonym of ''Bulla ampulla'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Bulla columnae'' Delle Chiaje, 1827: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla concentrica'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Pyrunculus concentricus'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla conspersa'' Pease, 1869: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla cornea'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Haminoea navicula'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Bulla corticata'' Møller, 1842: synonym of ''Cylichna alba'' (Brown, 1827) * ''Bulla cranchii'' Fleming, 1828: synonym of ''Roxania utriculus'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Bulla cretica'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''Diaphana cretica'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla cruentata'' A. Adams, 1850 '''shiny bubble''' : synonym of ''Bulla mabillei'' Locard, 1897 ** Distribution : Indian Ocean * ''Bulla culcitella'' Gould, 1853: synonym of ''Acteocina culcitella'' (Gould, 1853) * ''Bulla curta'' A. Adams 1850: synonym of ''Liloa mongii'' (Audouin, 1826) * ''Bulla cuticulifera'' E. A. Smith, 1872: synonym of ''Liloa brevis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla cylindracea'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of ''Cylichna cylindracea'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla cylindrica'' Helbling, 1779: synonym of ''Aliculastrum cylindricum'' (Helbling, 1779) * ''Bulla cylindrica'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Cylichna cylindracea'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla cymbalum'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of ''Haminoea cymbalum'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) * ''Bulla dactylis'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla debilis'' Gould, 1840: synonym of ''Diaphana minuta'' T. Brown, 1827 * ''Bulla decussata'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Pyrunculus decussatus'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla delorti'' Mabille, 1896: synonym of ''Bulla ampulla'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Bulla denticulata'' J. Adams, 1800: synonym of ''Philine denticulata'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Bulla dentifera'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Diniatys dentifer'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla desgenettii'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''Retusa desgenettii'' (Audouin, 1826) * ''Bulla diaphana'' Gould, 1852: synonym of ''Haminoea elegans'' (Gray, 1825) * ''Bulla diaphana'' Aradas & Maggiore, 1840: synonym of ''Weinkauffia turgidula'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla diaphana'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Trivia arctica'' (Pulteney, 1799) * ''Bulla difficilis'' T. Habe, 1950 : synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 ** Distribution; Japan * ''Bulla dubiosa'' Mabille, 1896: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla eburnea'' (Dall, 1927): synonym of ''Leucophysema eburneola'' (Dall, 1927), synonym of ''Roxania eburneola'' (Dall, 1927) * ''Bulla eburneola'' (Dall, 1927): synonym of ''Leucophysema eburneola'' (Dall, 1927): synonym of ''Roxania eburneola'' (Dall, 1927) * ''Bulla elastica'' Danilo & Sandri, 1856: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla elegans'' Menke, 1830: synonym of ''Micromelo undatus'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla elegans'' Gray, 1825: synonym of ''Haminoea elegans'' (Gray, 1825) * ''Bulla elongata'' A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1850: synonym of ''Aliculastrum cylindricum'' (Helbling, 1779) * ''Bulla eumicra'' Crosse in Crosse & Fischer, 1865: synonym of ''Tornatina eumicra'' (Crosse, 1865): synonym of ''Acteocina eumicra'' (Crosse, 1865) * ''Bulla exigua'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Austrocylichna exigua'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla exilis'' Dunker, 1860: synonym of ''Acteocina exilis'' (Dunker, 1860) * ''Bulla eximia'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of ''Micromelo guamensis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) * ''Bulla farrani'' Norman, 1890: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla fasciata'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Hydatina fasciata'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla ferruginosa'' A. Adams in G. B. Sowerby II, 1850: synonym of ''Atys naucum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla ficus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''Ficus ficus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla flavescens'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Haminoea flavescens'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla flexilis'' Montagu, 1808: synonym of ''Velutina plicatilis'' (O. F. Müller, 1776) * ''Bulla folliculus'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Haminoea navicula'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Bulla fontinalis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Physa fontinalis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla fourierii'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''Pyrunculus fourierii'' (Audouin, 1826) * ''Bulla fragilis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla fragilis'' Vélain, 1877: synonym of ''Notodiaphana fragilis'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''Bulla gargottae'' Calcara, 1840: synonym of ''Oxynoe olivacea'' Rafinesque, 1814 * ''Bulla gemma'' A. E. Verrill, 1880 '''jewel bubble''' : synonym of ''Roxania semilaevis'' (Seguenza, 1880) ** Distribution : New York ** Length : 4.2 mm * ''Bulla gibbosa'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Cyphoma gibbosum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla girardi'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''Ventomnestia girardi'' (Audouin, 1826) * ''Bulla glauca'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Smaragdinella calyculata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Bulla gracilis'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Acteocina gracilis'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla guernei'' Dautzenberg, 1889: synonym of ''Roxania pinguicula'' (Seguenza, 1880) * ''Bulla guildingii'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Haminoea elegans'' (Gray, 1825) * ''Bulla haliotidea'' Renier in Gerville, 1825: synonym of ''Simnia patula'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla haliotoidea'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Lamellaria perspicua'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla hanleyi'' Adams A. in Sowerby G.B. II, 1850: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla helicoides'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of ''Ampulla priamus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla hiemalis'' Couthouy, 1839: synonym of ''Diaphana hiemalis'' (Couthouy, 1839) * ''Bulla hirundinina'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Chelidonura hirundinina'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla hoernesii'' Weinkauff, 1866: synonym of ''Pyrunculus hoernesii'' (Weinkauff, 1866) * ''Bulla hyalina'' Turton, 1834: synonym of ''Diaphana minuta'' T. Brown, 1827 * ''Bulla hydatis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Haminoea hydatis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla imperialis'' Solander, 1786: synonym of ''Ovula costellata'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Bulla incincta'' Mighels, 1844: synonym of ''Acteocina canaliculata'' (Say, 1826) * ''Bulla incommoda'' E. A. Smith, 1891: synonym of ''Sphaerocylichna incommoda'' (E. A. Smith, 1891) * ''Bulla inculta'' Gould, 1855: synonym of ''Acteocina inculta'' (Gould, 1855) * ''Bulla involuta'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Cylichna involuta'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla laevis'' Aradas & Maggiore, 1840: synonym of ''Scaphander lignarius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla latens'' Müller O.F., 1776: synonym of ''Lamellaria latens'' (Müller O. F., 1776) * ''Bulla lepida'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia carnea'' (Poiret, 1789) * ''Bulla lignaria'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Scaphander lignarius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla lima'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''Philine lima'' (Brown, 1827) * ''Bulla lineata'' Gray, 1825: synonym of ''Bullina lineata'' (Gray, 1825) * ''Bulla lineolata'' Couthouy, 1839: synonym of ''Philine lima'' (Brown, 1827) * ''Bulla lutea'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Phanerophthalmus luteus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla mammillata'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''Retusa mammillata'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Bulla marmorata'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Mnestia marmorata'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla marmorea'' Pease, 1860: synonym of ''Bulla peasiana'' Pilsbry, 1895 * ''Bulla millepunctata'' Locard, 1897: synonym of ''Scaphander nobilis'' Verrill, 1884 * ''Bulla minor'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Smaragdinella calyculata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Bulla modesta'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Haminoea hydatis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla mongii'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''Liloa mongii'' (Audouin, 1826) * ''Bulla monodonta'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Diniatys monodonta'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla mucronata'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''Acteocina mucronata'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Bulla naucum'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Atys naucum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla navicul''a da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''Haminoea navicula'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Bulla nebulosa'' Gould in Adams, 1850 : synonym of ''Bulla gouldiana'' Pilsbry, 1895 ** Distribution : Atlantic * ''Bulla nitida'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Pyrunculus pyriformis'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla nitidula'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Micromelo undatus'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla norwegica'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla nucleola'' Reeve, 1855: synonym of ''Cylichna nucleola'' (Reeve, 1855) * ''Bulla nucleus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia carnea'' (Poiret, 1789) * ''Bulla nucleus'' Mawe, 1823: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia carnea'' (Poiret, 1789) * ''Bulla nux'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Bulla occidentalis'' A. Adams, 1850 * ''Bulla oblonga'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla obstricta'' Gould, 1839: synonym of ''Acteocina canaliculata'' (Say, 1826) * ''Bulla obtusa'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Retusa obtusa'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla occulta'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of ''Cylichna occulta'' (Mighels & Adams, 1842) * ''Bulla oliva'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Cylichna cylindracea'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla omphalodes'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla orbignyana'' de Férussac, 1822: synonym of ''Haminoea orbignyana'' (Férussac, 1822) * ''Bulla oryza'' Totten, 1835: synonym of ''Cylichnella oryza'' (Totten, 1835) * ''Bulla ovula'' Gould in Sowerby, 1868: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla ovulata'' Brocchi, 1814 sensu Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of ''Atys jeffreysi'' (Weinkauff, 1866) * ''Bulla ovulina'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Volvulella ovulina'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla ovulum'' Gould in Angas, 1867: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla ovum'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Ovula ovum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla pallida'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Hyalina pallida'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla parallela'' Gould, 1847: synonym of ''Aliculastrum parallelum'' (Gould, 1847) * ''Bulla patula'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of ''Xandarovula patula'' (Pennant, 1777): synonym of ''Simnia patula'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla pectinata'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Philine scabra'' (O. F. Müller, 1784) * ''Bulla pellucida'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''Retusa truncatula'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla pellucida'' Sars G.O., 1878: synonym of ''Retusa pellucida'' (Sars G. O., 1878) * ''Bulla perdicinia'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla pertenuis'' Mighels, 1843: synonym of ''Retusa obtusa'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla physis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Hydatina physis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla physis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Hydatina vesicaria'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Bulla pinguicula'' Seguenza, 1879: synonym of ''Roxania pinguicula'' (Seguenza, 1880) * ''Bulla plicata'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''Retusa obtusa'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla plicatilis'' O. F. Müller, 1776: synonym of ''Velutina plicatilis'' (O. F. Müller, 1776) * ''Bulla plumula'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Berthella plumula'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla producta'' Brown, 1827: synonym of ''Cylichna cylindracea'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Bulla propecylindracea'' de Gregorio, 1890: synonym of ''Cylichna propecylindracea'' (de Gregorio, 1890) * ''Bulla pulchella'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Aplustrum amplustre'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla punctata'' Adams J., 1800: synonym of ''Philine punctata'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Bulla punctata'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1868: synonym of ''Bulla mabillei'' Locard, 1897 * ''Bulla punctata'' [sic]: synonym of ''Bulla punctulata'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850 * ''Bulla punctostriata'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of ''Scaphander punctostriatus'' (Mighels & Adams, 1842) * ''Bulla pygmaea'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Retusa pygmaea'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla pyriformis'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Pyrunculus pyriformis'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla quadrata'' S. Wood, 1839: synonym of ''Philine quadrata'' (S. Wood, 1839) * ''Bulla quoyana'' d'Orbigny, 1845: synonym of ''Hydatina physis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla quoyi'' Gray in A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Bulla punctulata'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850 * ''Bulla rapa'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''Rapa rapa'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla regularis'' Gould, 1859: synonym of ''Adamnestia arachis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Bulla reinhardi'' Møller, 1842: synonym of ''Cylichna occulta'' (Mighels & Adams, 1842) * ''Bulla resiliens'' Donovan, 1801: synonym of ''Akera bullata'' O. F. Müller, 1776 * ''Bulla retifer'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''Philine retifera'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla retifera'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''Philine retifera'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla retusa'' Maton & Rackett, 1807: synonym of ''Retusa truncatula'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla robagliana'' Fischer P. in de Folin, 1869: synonym of ''Cylichnina robagliana'' (P. Fischer, 1869): synonym of ''Retusa robagliana'' (P. Fischer, 1869) * ''Bulla roperiana'' Pilsbry, 1895: synonym of ''Bulla striata'' Bruguière, 1792 * ''Bulla rostrata'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850: synonym of ''Volvulella rostrata'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla rubiginosa'' Gould, 1852: synonym of ''Bulla occidentalis'' A. Adams, 1850 * ''Bulla rufolabris'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850 : synonym of ''Bulla punctulata'' A. Adams, 1850 ** Distribution : West America, Galapagos ** Length : 10–15 mm * ''Bulla scabra'' O. F. Müller, 1784: synonym of ''Philine scabra'' (O. F. Müller, 1784) * ''Bulla schroeteri'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''Philine aperta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla secale'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Cymbovula acicularis'' (Lamarck, 1811) * ''Bulla secunda'' Mabille, 1896: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla semisulcata'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''Retusa truncatula'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla simplex'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Acteocina simplex'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla simplex'' Locard, 1897: synonym of ''Relichna simplex'' (Locard, 1897) * ''Bulla sinensis'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Bullacta exarata'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Bulla smaragdina'' A. Adams, 1874: synonym of ''Smaragdinella calyculata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Bulla smaragdina'' Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830: synonym of ''Phanerophthalmus smaragdinus'' (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) * ''Bulla solida'' A. Adams in Sowerby, 1868: synonym of ''Bulla mabillei'' Locard, 1897 * ''Bulla solida'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Aliculastrum solidum'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla solida'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''Aliculastrum cylindricum'' (Helbling, 1779) * ''Bulla solidula'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Pupa solidula'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla soluta'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Akera soluta (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla speciosa'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Atys caribaeus'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla spelta'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Simnia spelta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla staminea'' Menke, 1835: synonym of ''Hydatina physis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla striatula'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Volvulella striatula'' (A. Adams, 1862) * ''Bulla striatula'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''Retusa mammillata'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Bulla strigella'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Cylichna biplicata'' (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850) * ''Bulla subangulata'' Möller, 1842: synonym of ''Diaphana minuta'' T. Brown, 1827 * ''Bulla subaustralis'' Mabille, 1896: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla substriata'' Menke, 1853: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla subtropicalis'' Powell, 1965: synonym of ''Bulla vernicosa'' Gould, 1859 * ''Bulla succisa'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Aliculastrum cylindricum'' (Helbling, 1779) * ''Bulla sulcata'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Retusa sulcata'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla sulcata'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of ''Retusa sulcata'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bulla tenella'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Haminoea tenella'' (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850) * ''Bulla tenera'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Haminoea tenera'' (A. Adams, 1850) * ''Bulla tenuis'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Akera soluta'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla tenuissima'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1868: synonym of ''Bulla quoyii'' Gray, 1843 * ''Bulla thalassiarchi'' A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Aplustrum amplustre'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla tornatilis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Acteon tornatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla trifasciata'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1868: synonym of ''Bulla ampulla'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Bulla triticea'' Couthouy, 1838: synonym of ''Jujubinus poppei'' Curini-Galletti, 1985 * ''Bulla truncata'' Adams J., 1800: synonym of ''Retusa truncatula'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla truncatula'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Retusa truncatula'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla tumida'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Akera soluta'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla turgidula'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''Weinkauffia turgidula'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla turrita'' Møller, 1842: synonym of ''Retusa obtusa'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla umbilicata'' Röding, 1798 : synonym of ''Bulla occidentalis'' A. Adams, 1850 ** Distribution : Caribbean ** Length : 17 mm * ''Bulla umbilicata'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''Retusa umbilicata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Bulla undata'' Bruguière, 1792: synonym of ''Micromelo undatus'' (Bruguière, 1792) * ''Bulla utriculata'' Locard, 1886: synonym of ''Roxania utriculus'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Bulla utriculus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of ''Roxania utriculus'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Bulla velum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Hydatina zonata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Bulla velutina'' Müller O.F., 1776: synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776) * ''Bulla verrucosa'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Calpurnus verrucosus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla vesica'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Olivancillaria vesica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Bulla vesicaria'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of ''Hydatina vesicaria'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Bulla vestita'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''Philine retifera'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Bulla villosa'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of ''Bulla ampulla'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Bulla virginea'' Cantraine, 1835: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia adriatica'' Schilder, 1941: synonym of ''Pseudosimnia adriatica'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828) * ''Bulla viridis'' Rang in Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of ''Smaragdinella calyculata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * ''Bulla vitrea'' M. Sars, 1866: synonym of ''Diaphana hiemalis'' (Couthouy, 1839) * ''Bulla voluta'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833: synonym of ''Acteocina decorata'' (Pilsbry, 1904) * ''Bulla volva'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''Volva volva'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Bulla zonata'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of ''Hydatina zonata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Bulla zonata'' Turton, 1834: synonym of ''Scaphander lignarius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) {{hidden end}}

== References == {{Reflist}} * [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/toc/?IDDOC=265100 Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp] * Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}} * Glen Pownall, ''New Zealand Shells and Shellfish'', Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-85467-054-8}}

== External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041123014227/http://enature.com/fieldguide/showSpecies_LI.asp?imageID=19573&view=1 Picture of the California Bubble] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041117021111/http://shell.kwansei.ac.jp/~shell/pic_book/data07/bvernico.html Picture of ''Bulla vernicosa''] * [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0642/report.pdf Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642]{{PD-notice}}''......public domain.''

Category:Bulla (gastropod) Category:Gastropods described in 1758 Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Gastropod genera Category:Euopisthobranchia