{{Short description|Order of single-celled organisms}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Ammonia beccarii.jpg | image_caption = ''Ammonia beccarii'' (Rotaliidae) | fossil_range = Middle Triassic - present, {{Fossil range|242|0|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Rotaliida |url=https://www.mindat.org/taxon-7692889.html |website=Mindat |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref>}} | taxon = Rotaliida | authority = Lankester, 1885 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders and superfamilies | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WFD"/> | synonyms = Buliminida }}
The '''Rotaliida''' are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilamellar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular.
In form, rotaliid tests are typically enrolled, but may be reduced to biserial or uniserial, or may be encrusting with proliferated chambers. Chambers may be simple or subdivided by secondary partitions; the surface is smooth, papillate, costate, striate, or cancellate; the aperture is simple or with an internal toothplate, entosolenian tube, or hemicylindrical structure; it may have an internal canal or stolen systems.
Rotaliids are primarily oceanic benthos, although some are common in shallower estuarine waters. They also include many important fossils, such as the nummulitids.
==Taxonomy== The Rotaliida are now divided into the following superfamilies:<ref name="WFD">[http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=163158 Rotaliida], World Foraminifera Database, accessed 27 November 2018</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * order Rotaliida <small>Delage & Hérouard, 1896</small> ** suborder Globigerinina <small>Delage & Hérouard, 1896</small> *** superfamily Globigerinitoidea<small> Bermúdez, 1961</small> *** superfamily Globigerinoidea<small> Carpenter et al., 1862</small> *** superfamily Globorotalioidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> *** superfamily Globotruncanoidea<small> Brotzen, 1942</small> † *** superfamily Guembelitrioidea<small> Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957</small> *** superfamily Hantkeninoidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> *** superfamily Heterohelicoidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> *** superfamily Planomalinoidea<small> Bolli et al., 1957</small> † *** superfamily Rotaliporoidea<small> Sigal, 1958</small> † ** superfamily Acervulinoidea<small> Schultze, 1854</small> ** superfamily Annulopatellinoidea<small> Loeblich & Tappan, 1964</small> ** superfamily Asterigerinoidea<small> d'Orbigny, 1839</small> ** superfamily Bolivinitoidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> ** superfamily Bolivinoidea<small> Glaessner, 1937</small> ** superfamily Buliminoidea<small> Jones, 1875</small> ** superfamily Cassidulinoidea<small> d'Orbigny, 1839</small> ** superfamily Chilostomelloidea<small> Brady, 1881</small> ** superfamily Delosinoidea<small> Parr, 1950</small> ** superfamily Discorbinelloidea<small> Sigal, 1952</small> ** superfamily Discorboidea<small> Ehrenberg, 1838</small> ** superfamily Eouvigerinoidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> † ** superfamily Fursenkoinoidea<small> Loeblich & Tappan, 1961</small> ** superfamily Glabratelloidea<small> Loeblich & Tappan, 1964</small> ** superfamily Loxostomatoidea<small> Loeblich & Tappan, 1962</small> ** superfamily Nonionoidea<small> Schultze, 1854</small> ** superfamily Nummulitoidea<small> Blainville, 1827</small> ** superfamily Orbitoidoidea<small> Schwager, 1876</small> † ** superfamily Planorbulinoidea<small> Schwager, 1877</small> ** superfamily Pleurostomelloidea<small> Reuss, 1860</small> † ** superfamily Rotalioidea<small> Ehrenberg, 1839</small> ** superfamily Serioidea<small> Holzmann & Pawlowski, 2017</small> ** superfamily Siphoninoidea ** superfamily Turrilinoidea<small> Cushman, 1927</small> ** family Murrayinellidae<small> Holzmann & Pawlowski, 2017</small> }}
{{clear}} <gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> Image:Star sand from Okinawa, Japan - (1).jpg|''Baculogypsina sphaerulata'' (Calcarinidae) Image:Miniacina miniacea 30-09-06 DSCF3288.jpg|''Miniacina miniacea'' (Homotrematidae) Image:3579h R Indonesie.jpg|''Heterostegina depressa'' (Nummulitidae) Image:Foraminifera - Rotaliida - Planorbulinacea - Planulinidae - Planulina Limbata.jpg|''Planulina Limbata'' (Planulinidae) Image:Ammonia tepida.jpg|''Ammonia tepida'' (Rotaliidae) Image:Benthic foraminifera.jpg|''Ammonia beccarii'' (Rotaliidae), ''Elphidium excavatum'' (Elphidiidae), ''Buccella frigida'' (Discorbidae) and ''Verneuilinulla advena'' </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}} {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |authorlink=Alfred R. Loeblich Jr |authorlink2=Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich |first=Alfred R. |last=Loeblich |first2=Helen |last2=Tappan |title=Protista 2: Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJSotN7FA-sC |year=1964 |publisher=Geological Society of America |isbn=978-0-8137-3003-5 |volume=C |edition=5th |series=Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology |editor-first=R.C. |editor-last=Moore }} * {{cite book|last=Loeblich, Jr |first=Alfred R.|title=Foraminiferal genera and their classification|year=1988|publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.|location=New York|isbn=9780442259372|author2=Tappan, Helen }} * {{cite book|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=Barun K. Sen|title=Modern foraminifera|year=1999|publisher=Kluwer Acad. Publ|location=Dordrecht [u.a.]|isbn=0412824302|edition=Repr. with corr.}} {{refend}}
==External links== *[http://www.gsi.ir/General/Lang_en/Page_48/SubOrderId_2311/Action_SubOrderView/.html Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and Hérouard, 1896] (Geological Survey of Iran) {{Rhizaria}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q149732}}
Category:Rotaliida Category:Foraminifera orders