{{Short description|Spanish musical form, Latin musical form}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Redirect|Bulería|the album and song by David Bisbal|Bulería (album)|and|Bulería (song)|the song by Rosalía|Bulerías (song)}} {{No footnotes|date=August 2019}} [[File:Baile por Bulerias.jpg|thumb|[[José García Ramos]]. ''Baile por Bulerías''. 1884]]
'''''Bulería''''' ({{IPA|es|buleˈɾia}}; interchangeable with the plural, '''''bulerías''''') is a fast [[flamenco]] rhythm made up of a 12 beat cycle with emphasis in two general forms as follows: <br> {{center|'''[12]''' 1 2 '''[3]''' 4 5 '''[6]''' 7 '''[8]''' 9 '''[10]''' 11 }} {{center|or}} {{center|'''[12]''' 1 2 '''[3]''' 4 5 6 '''[7]''' '''[8]''' 9 '''[10]''' 11 }} <br> This may be thought of as a measure of {{music|time|6|8}} followed by a measure of {{music|time|3|4}} (known as [[hemiola]]).
For dancers, it is commonly viewed with a compas or bar of 6 counts as opposed to 12.
[[File:Flamenco Compas.theora.ogv|thumb|400 px|none|Flamenco Bulerías with emphasis as '''[12]''' 1 2 '''[3]''' 4 5 '''[6]''' 7 '''[8]''' 9 '''[10]''' 11]]
An interesting counting method has been used by [[Pepe Romero]], in his book ''Classical Guitar Style and Technique'', which is 2 measures of {{music|time|3|4}} time followed by 3 measures of {{music|time|2|4}} time. This puts the emphasis on the last beat of each measure:<br> {{center|1 2 '''[3]''' 1 2 '''[3]''' 1 '''[2]''' 1 '''[2]''' 1 '''[2]'''}}
When performed, the ''bulería'' always starts on beat twelve of the ''compas'', so the accented beat is heard first.
It is normally played at 195-240 beats per minute, most commonly in an A-[[Phrygian_mode|phrygian]] mode (por medio) with a sharpened third to make A major the root chord. A typical ''[[rasgueado]]'' pattern involves only the A and B{{music|flat}} chords, were [[Golpe (guitar technique)|golpes]] are used to accent the chords as follows:
<div class="center">'''[A]''' — — ['''B{{music|flat}}]''' — — '''[B{{music|flat}}]''' —'''[B{{music|flat}}]''' —'''[A]'''— </div>
Although professional players often intersperse other chords, in more traditional playing variations of chords from the [[Andalusian cadence]] are utilised and modern players, influenced by jazz may use a greater variety of chord patterns and variations.
<br> It originated among the [[gitanos|Calé Romani]] people of [[Jerez]] during the 19th century,<ref>{{cite journal|last= Manuel|first= Peter|title= Evolution and Structure in Flamenco Harmony|url= https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8902FFS/download|journal= Current Musicology|publisher= [[Columbia University Press]]|year= 1986|issue= 42|pages= 46-47|doi= 10.7916/D88051HJ|S2CID= 193937795|doi-access= free|quote= Other cantes, although Andalusian in a general sense, originated from Gypsy subculture and lack non-Gypsy counterparts; these would include siguiriyas, soleares, bulerias, and tonas}}</ref> originally as a fast, upbeat ending to ''[[soleares]]'' or ''[[alegrias]]''. It is among the most popular and dramatic of the flamenco forms and often ends any flamenco gathering. The name '''''bulerías''''' comes from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word '''''burlar''''', meaning "to mock" or '''''bullería''''', "racket, shouting, din". It is the style which permits the greatest freedom for improvisation, the metre playing a crucial role in this. Speed and agility are required and total control of rhythm as well as strength in the feet which are used in intricate tapping with toe, heel and the ball of the foot. <br>(See also [[Tap dance technique|tap dance]].)
== ''Cante'' (singing) ==
When sung, the ''bulería'' has three or four octosyllabic lines. It is sometimes subdivided into ''bulerías al golpe'' and ''bulerías ligadas''. The former is slower while the latter is frantic.
There are many styles of Buleria depending on the region of Spain from which it originated. For example: Buleria de [[Lebrija]], Buleria de [[Jerez de la Frontera|Jerez]] (possibly the most commonly used style), Buleria de [[Cádiz|Cadiz]], Buleria de [[Utrera]] etc.
==See also== *[[Premio al Toque por Bulerías]]
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BCoZiSbGtY Tomatito performs a bulerías in 1980 - one of the web's more popular bulerías videos] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-YDnQGMKFU This is a Cuadro por Bulerías, a very festive palo flamenco] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723012753/http://www.esflamenco.com/palos/enbulerias.html |date=July 23, 2011 |title=Get to know the flamenco forms: the Bulerías }}
{{palos}} {{Music of Spain}} {{Music in Spanish}}
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