Bulawayo

{{About|the city in Zimbabwe|the royal kraal of the Zulu empire|Bulawayo (Zulu empire)}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Use British English|date=August 2014}} {{Infobox settlement   | official_name = Bulawayo | other_name = | nicknames = 'City of Kings', 'Skies', 'Bompton' or 'Bulliesberg' | settlement_type = City and [[Provinces of Zimbabwe|province]] | motto = Si ye phambili (Let us go forward) | imagesize = 300px | image_skyline = Bulawayo CBD.jpg | image_caption = View of Bulawayo's Central Business District (CBD) from Pioneer House by Prince Phumulani Nyoni. The CBD is 5.4 square kilometres and is in a grid pattern with 17 avenues and 11 streets. | image_flag = Flag of Bulawayo.svg | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = Bulawayo Zimbabwe COA.svg | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = Bulawayo district.png | mapsize = | map_caption = Location of Bulawayo Province | image_map1 = Bulawayo in Zimbabwe (adm).svg | map_caption1 = Bulawayo highlighted in red in Zimbabwe | pushpin_map = Zimbabwe#Africa#World | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | parts_type = Divisions<br />  | parts = 4 districts, 29 wards, 156 suburbs | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Zimbabwe}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Zimbabwe|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Bulawayo Province|Bulawayo]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Zimbabwe|District]] | subdivision_name2 = City of Bulawayo | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 =  | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]] | leader_title = [[Mayor of Bulawayo|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[David Coltart]] ([[Citizens Coalition for Change|CCC]]) | leader_title1 = [[City council|Council]] | leader_name1 = [[Bulawayo City Council]] | established_title = Settled | established_date = 1840 | established_title2 = Incorporated (town) | established_date2 = 1897 | established_title3 = Incorporated (city) | established_date3 = 1943 | unit_pref =  | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 545.8 | area_land_km2 = 479 | area_water_km2 = 66.8 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 1706.8 | area_metro_sq_mi =  | population_as_of = 2022 census | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 665,952 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_demonym =  | timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|20|10|12|S|28|34|48|E|region:ZW|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <ref>Google Earth</ref> | elevation_m = 1358 | elevation_ft =  | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | area_code = 029 | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.693<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of Zimbabwean provinces by Human Development Index|1st of 10]] | website = {{URL|http://citybyo.co.zw}} | name = }}

'''Bulawayo''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ʊ|l|ə|ˈ|w|ɑː|j|oʊ}}, {{IPAc-en|-|ˈ|w|eɪ|əʊ}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulawayo |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bulawayo |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930185300/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bulawayo |url-status=live }}</ref> {{langx|nd| Bulawayo}}) is the second largest city in [[Zimbabwe]], and the largest city in the country's [[Matabeleland]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Bulawayo {{!}} Zimbabwe, Map, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulawayo |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214221331/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulawayo |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's population is disputed; the 2022 census listed it at 665,940,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/zimbabwe/cities/ Citypopulation.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209181235/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/zimbabwe/cities/ |date=9 December 2022 }} Population of the major cities in Zimbabwe</ref> while the Bulawayo City Council claimed it to be about 1.2 million. Bulawayo covers an area of {{convert|546|km2|sqmi|abbr=off|0}} in the western part of the country, along the Matsheumhlope River. Along with the capital [[Harare]], Bulawayo is one of two cities in Zimbabwe that are also [[Provinces of Zimbabwe|provinces]].

Bulawayo was founded by a group led by [[Gundwane Ndiweni]] around 1840 as the [[kraal]] of [[Mzilikazi]], the Ndebele king and was known as Gibixhegu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zimfieldguide.com/bulawayo/kobulawayo-or-old-bulawayo-1870-%E2%80%93-1881-and-indaba-tree |title=koBulawayo, or Old Bulawayo (1870 – 1881) and the Indaba Tree | Zimbabwe Field Guide |publisher=Zimfieldguide.com |accessdate=2022-04-29 |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416043739/https://zimfieldguide.com/bulawayo/kobulawayo-or-old-bulawayo-1870-%E2%80%93-1881-and-indaba-tree |url-status=dead }}</ref> His son, [[Lobengula]], succeeded him in the 1860s, and changed the name to koBulawayo and ruled from Bulawayo until 1893, when the settlement was captured by [[British South Africa Company]] soldiers during the [[First Matabele War]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshili |first=Nqobile |date=18 April 2023 |title=Battle of Gadade proves that Africans Cherished Sovereignty |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/battle-of-gadade-proves-that-africans-cherished-sovereignty/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=19 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319062203/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/battle-of-gadade-proves-that-africans-cherished-sovereignty/ |url-status=live }}</ref> That year, the first white settlers arrived and rebuilt the town. The town was besieged by Ndebele warriors during the [[Second Matabele War]]. Bulawayo attained municipality status in 1897, and city status in 1943.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-14 |title=Municipality of Bulawayo – Rhodesian Study Circle |url=https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/municipality-of-bulawayo/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=en-GB |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313074552/https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/municipality-of-bulawayo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Historically, Bulawayo has been the principal industrial centre of Zimbabwe; its factories produce cars and car products, building materials, electronic products, textiles, furniture, and food products. Bulawayo is also the hub of Zimbabwe's rail network and the headquarters of the [[National Railways of Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tayana Tourism – Bulawayo |url=https://www.tayanatourism.com/bulawayo.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=tayanatourism.com |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001214140/http://tayanatourism.com/bulawayo.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bulawayo's central business district (CBD) covers {{convert|5.4|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in the heart of the city and is surrounded by numerous suburbs. The majority of the city's population belongs to the [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele people]], with minorities of [[Shona people|Shona]] and other groups, including [[Coloureds|Coloured]] and [[White Zimbabweans]]. Bulawayo is home to over a dozen colleges and universities, most notably the [[National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe|National University of Science and Technology]], Bulawayo Polytechnic College,<ref name="tech">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bulawayopolytechnic.ac.zw/ |title=Bulawayo Polytechnic College |access-date=28 February 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228062228/https://www.bulawayopolytechnic.ac.zw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Zimbabwe School of Mines]], Hillside Teachers College,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.schchat.com/school/hillside-teachers-college |title=Hillside teachers college |access-date=13 March 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313080918/https://www.schchat.com/school/hillside-teachers-college |url-status=live }}</ref> and the United College of Education.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/united-college-of-education/ |title=United College of Education |access-date=13 March 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143616/https://www.rhodesianstudycircle.org.uk/united-college-of-education/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulawayo colleges open companies as Education 5.0 bears fruit |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/bulawayo-colleges-open-companies-as-education-5-0-bears-fruit/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=The Herald |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313081535/https://www.herald.co.zw/bulawayo-colleges-open-companies-as-education-5-0-bears-fruit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe]], formerly the National Museum, is located in Bulawayo. The city is close to tourist sites such as [[Matobo National Park]] and the [[Khami]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-01 |title=Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe – Bulawayo |url=https://naturalhistorymuseumzimbabwe.com/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143721/https://naturalhistorymuseumzimbabwe.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History== {{See also|Timeline of Bulawayo}} [[File:PSM V68 D156 The principal street in bulawayo.png|thumb|left|The principal street in Bulawayo in 1905]] [[File:Bulawayo, postcard 849 by T D Ravenscroft.jpg|thumb|left|Bulawayo in 1906. At front is the Matabele Rebellion Monument, constructed after the [[Second Matabele War]]]] [[File:Bulawayo, Rhodesia -- 1976.jpg|thumb|left|Bulawayo in 1976]]

The city was founded by the Ndebele king [[Lobengula]], the son of King Mzilikazi, born of Matshobana,<ref name=":1" /> who settled in modern-day Zimbabwe around the 1840s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-19 |title=Old Bulawayo - Natural History Museum Of Zimbabwe |url=https://naturalhistorymuseumzimbabwe.com/old-bulawayo/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref> This followed the Ndebele people's great trek from northern [[Kwazulu]]. The name ''Bulawayo'' comes from the [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] word ''bulala'' and it translates to "the one to be killed". It is thought that at the time of the formation of the city there was a civil war. Mbiko ka Madlenya Masuku, a trusted confidant of [[King Mzilikazi]] and leader of the Zwangendaba regiment, fought Prince Lobhengula as he did not believe that he was the legitimate heir to the throne. This was because Lobhengula was born to a [[Swazi people|Swazi]] mother, and Masuku felt that she was of a lesser class.

At the time Lobengula was a prince fighting to ascend his father's throne. It was common at the time for people to refer to Bulawayo as ''Bulawayo UmntwaneNkosi'', "a place where they are fighting or rising against the prince". The city of Bulawayo coincidentally has a similar name to the capital of the great [[Zulu Kingdom|Zulu]] warrior king [[Shaka]] ka Senzangakhona in [[Kwazulu]], where Mzilikazi and his [[Khumalo clan]] and other [[Nguni people]] came from.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |title=June 1: Commemorating the history, culture of Bulawayo |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/tennis/article/2073/june-1-commemorating-the-history-culture-of-bulawayo |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=The Zimbabwe Independent |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319061737/https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/tennis/article/2073/june-1-commemorating-the-history-culture-of-bulawayo |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 1860s, the city was influenced by European intrigue. Many colonial powers cast covetous eyes on Bulawayo and the land surrounding it because of its strategic location. Britain made skilful use of private initiative in the shape of [[Cecil Rhodes]] and the Chartered Company to disarm the suspicion of her rivals. Lobengula once described Britain as a chameleon and himself as the fly.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |author=A.R.C.B. | year = 1961 | title = Review: A Russian Look at Rhodesia | journal = The Journal of African History | volume = 2 | issue = 1| pages = 161–162 | doi=10.1017/s0021853700002279| s2cid = 245909983 }}</ref>

During the 1893 [[First Matabele War]], [[British South Africa Company]] (BSAC) troops invaded and forced King Lobengula to evacuate his followers, after first detonating munitions and setting fire to the town.<ref>Thorpe, C. ''Limpopo to Zambesi'', London, 1951, p.51</ref> BSAC troops and white settlers occupied the ruins. On 4 November 1893, [[Leander Starr Jameson]] declared Bulawayo a settlement under the rule of the BSAC. Cecil Rhodes ordered the new settlement to be founded on the ruins of Lobengula's royal kraal, a typical action by a conquering power. This is where the [[State House (Bulawayo)|State House]] stands today.<ref name="DSO"/>

In 1897, the new town of Bulawayo acquired the status of municipality in the British colonial system, and Lt. Col. Harry White was appointed as one of the first mayors.<ref name="DSO">{{cite news|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/LotDetailsPrintable.aspx?intObjectID=1550497|title=D.S.O.|date=19 April 1901|access-date=24 November 2013|work=The London Gazette|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143702/https://www.christies.com/404.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulawayo Bulawayo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214221331/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulawayo |date=14 December 2018 }}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019</ref>

===Siege=== At the outbreak of the [[Second Matabele War]], in March 1896, Bulawayo was besieged by Ndebele forces. The settlers established a [[laager]] here for defensive purposes. The Ndebele had experienced the brutal effectiveness of the [[Maxim gun]]s employed by BSAC troops in the First Matabele War, so they never mounted a significant attack against Bulawayo, although over 10,000 Ndebele warriors gathered to surround the town.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horner |first=Mark |date=2025-05-22 |title=Bulawayo, Matabeleland, Zimbabwe - |url=https://mark-horner.com/index_2.php?location=bulawayo |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=The Alpha Group - Mark Horner |language=en-US}}</ref> Rather than wait passively for attack, the settlers mounted patrols, called the Bulawayo Field Force, under [[Frederick Selous]] and [[Frederick Russell Burnham]]. These patrols rode out to rescue any surviving settlers in the countryside and attacked the Ndebele. In the first week of fighting, 20 men of the Bulawayo Field Force were killed and 50 were wounded. An unknown number of Ndebele were killed and wounded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Second Matabele War {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/military-history-and-science/second-matabele-war |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=www.ebsco.com |language=en}}</ref>

During the siege, conditions in Bulawayo quickly deteriorated. By day, settlers could go to homes and buildings in the town, but at night they were forced to seek shelter in the much smaller laager. Nearly 1,000 women and children were crowded into the small area and false alarms of attacks were common.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Tyrie Laing and the near-disaster Matobo Hills engagement in the 1896 Matabele Uprising or Umvukela {{!}} Zimbabwe Field Guide |url=https://zimfieldguide.com/matabeleland-south/david-tyrie-laing-and-near-disaster-matobo-hills-engagement-1896-matabele |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=zimfieldguide.com}}</ref> The Ndebele neglected to cut the telegraph lines connecting Bulawayo to [[Mafikeng]]. The settlers and forces appealed for relief, and the BSAC sent additional troops from [[Harare|Salisbury]] and [[Masvingo|Fort Victoria]] (now Harare and Masvingo respectively) {{convert|300|mi|km|-2|abbr=off|order=flip}} to the north, and from [[Kimberley, South Africa|Kimberley]] and Mafeking {{convert|600|mi|km|-2|abbr=on|order=flip}} to the south. Once the relief forces arrived in late May 1896, the siege was broken. An estimated 50,000 Ndebele retreated into their stronghold of the [[Matobo Hills]] near Bulawayo. Not until October 1896 did the Ndebele finally surrender their arms to the BSAC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nation Building in Zimbabwe and the Challenges of Ndebele Particularism |url=https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/nation-building-in-zimbabwe-and-the-challenges-of-ndebele-particularism/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=ACCORD |language=en-GB}}</ref> {{Clear}}

===Modern era=== By the late 1930s, Bulawayo was no longer the country's biggest city. Influence and activity moved eastwards to the other cities, especially Salisbury, a trend which continues up to the present day. Despite this, after the [[World War II|Second World War]], prosperity and population growth revived, as the city became an industrial powerhouse, peaking during the Federal years as new markets opened in [[Malawi]] and [[Zambia]]. However, Bulawayo trailed the development of other cities notably, [[Johannesburg]], [[Harare]] and [[Cape Town]] during the same period.<ref name="ozy.com">{{cite web|url = https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/once-zimbabwes-chicago-bulawayo-is-now-in-decay/92550/|title = Once Zimbabwe's Chicago, Bulawayo is Now in Decay|date = 10 February 2019|access-date = 15 February 2021|archive-date = 26 June 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220626012041/https://www.ozy.com/around-the-world/once-zimbabwes-chicago-bulawayo-is-now-in-decay/92550/|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 1940, the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) launched the [[Empire Air Training Scheme]], and facilitated the construction of multiple bases of the [[Rhodesian Air Training Group]]. Bulawayo had ideal conditions, which included having overall flat terrain and being 1,200 meters high in elevation, which made it malaria-free. Three RAF Stations were subsequently established, which included [[RAF Heany]], [[RAF Kumalo]], and [[RAF Induna]], and were all equipped with a hangar and landing ground. Additionally, two bombing ranges were established in the outskirts of Bulawayo, and were named Miasi and Myelbo.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rhodesia Air Training Group (RATG) 1940 – 1945 |url=https://zimfieldguide.com/harare/rhodesia-air-training-group-ratg-1940-–-1945 |website=Zimfield Guide |accessdate=7 January 2026}}</ref> In 1943, Bulawayo received city status.

[[File:Bulawayo City Hall.jpg|thumb|Bulawayo City Hall]] [[File:Kenilworth Towers, Ascot.jpg|thumb|Kenilworth Towers, residential flats]]

By 1992, [[population decline]] and slow growth were beginning to occur which disproportionately affected heavy industry. In response, Bulawayo sought to re-invent itself as a 'heritage city', with its wide main streets refurbished and its [[Victorian architecture]] and industrial heritage preserved. Institutions such as the [[Bulawayo Railway Museum]] and [[Nesbitt Castle]] were restored. The city was also recognised as a centre of excellence in tertiary education and research, as the [[National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe]] was formed and expanded and other colleges growth also accelerated.<ref name="ozy.com"/>

Since the late 20th century, Bulawayo has suffered a sharp fall in living standards coinciding with the protracted [[Economy of Zimbabwe#2000–2009|economic crisis]] affecting the country. The main challenges the city faces include underinvestment, declining [[infrastructure]], [[de-industrialisation]] and the effects of corruption and nepotism. Much of the city's educated workers have migrated south to neighbouring South Africa or further afield to the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]] and [[Australia]].{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} Public service concerns have become steadily more acute, with particular concern in the health sector from a growing shortage of experienced doctors and nurses.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.ozy.com/fast-forward/small-scale-tobacco-farmers-are-giving-zimbabwe-reason-to-dream/82714/|title = Small-Scale Tobacco Farmers Are Giving Zimbabwe Reason to Dream|date = 22 February 2018|access-date = 15 February 2021|archive-date = 19 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220519062902/https://www.ozy.com/fast-forward/small-scale-tobacco-farmers-are-giving-zimbabwe-reason-to-dream/82714/|url-status = dead}}</ref> As a result, the city faced an avoidable [[cholera]] outbreak in 2008. Though the city is the centre of the southern population generally categorized as the Matebele, the population includes various ethnicities, as well as a small number of expats, mostly from neighbouring countries.<ref name="ozy.com"/>

The Central Business District has the widest roads. These were designed to accommodate the ox-drawn carts, and to allow them to make a turn in the street, that were used as a primary means of transport when the town was planned and erected.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bulawayo CBD needs spruce-up, reinvention |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/2013/09/03/bulawayo-cbd-needs-spruce-reinvention |work=[[NewsDay (Zimbabwean newspaper)|NewsDay]]}}</ref>

Bulawayo is nicknamed the "City of Kings" or "kontuthu ziyathunqa"—a [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] phrase for "smoke arising". This name arose from the city's historically large industrial base. The large cooling towers of the coal-powered electricity generating plant situated in the city centre once used to exhaust steam and smoke over the city.<ref name="mg.co.za">{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-07-30-industrial-empire-reduced-to-a-ghost-town|title=Industrial empire Bulawayo reduced to a ghost town|date=30 July 2014|publisher=mg.co.za|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808040820/http://mg.co.za/article/2014-07-30-industrial-empire-reduced-to-a-ghost-town|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Suburbs==

{{Main category|Suburbs of Bulawayo}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- ! No !! Suburb/location !! Origin of name |- | 1||Ascot||Adjoining the Bulawayo Ascot race-course |- | 2||Barbourfields||The suburb was named after a former mayor, H. R. Barbour, who during the colonial era was greatly interested in the welfare of the indigenous people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/placenames/placename_bulawayo.htm|title=Scottish Place Names – Bulawayo, Zimbabwe|website=rampantscotland.com|access-date=2019-04-10|archive-date=10 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010142822/http://rampantscotland.com/placenames/placename_bulawayo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> There is a place called Barbour in Argyll & Bute. Barbour is a Scottish family name, though it was apparently first recorded on the English side of the border, in Cumberland and Northumberland. The father of Scottish vernacular poetry, John Barbour (1320–1395), is best remembered for his epic poem "The Brus", telling the story of King Robert I. The origin of the name is occupational (a cutter of hair as well as an extractor of teeth during the Middle Ages). |- | 3||Barham Green||The suburb was named after two people. The first was a former Bulawayo City Councillor (who later became an Alderman) Mrs. M. E. Barham, M.B.E. and the other was Rev. Rufus Green. They were critical in the establishment of this suburb. During the colonial [[Rhodesia]] era, it was designated for the Coloured community. |- | 4||Beacon Hill||Also known as Beryl Drive, reference is made to fact that it is the high point of the suburbs and possesses the areas with the highest marking beacon at its summit. |- | 5||Bellevue||The suburb was named after the estate name.{{clarify|What estate?|date=December 2019}} It is sometimes spelled Belle Vuederivedes from the French meaning "beautiful view".{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} |- | 6||Belmont|| |- | 7||Belmont Industrial Area||The area was named after a former Bulawayo City Engineer, Mr. Kinmont. |- | 8||Bradfield||The suburb was named after Edwin Eugene Bradfield, a pioneer. |- | 9||Burnside||This area used to be a portion of former town council area and used to be part of Matsheumhlope Farms. The name is derived from the reference to the River Matsheumhlophe. "Burn" is a Scottish and northern English word for a stream. |- | 10||Cement||This was named after the surrounding industrial area, responsible for the making of cement. |- | 11||Cowdray Park|| |- | 12||Donnington|| |- | 13||Donnington West|| |- | 14||Douglasdale||The Douglas family, descendants of William de Douglas (late 12th century), was one of the most powerful in Scotland. |- | 15||Eloana|| |- | 16||Emakhandeni||Emakhandeni is the Ndebele name for Fort Rixon, which was the area where the regiment Makhanda were located. Makhandeni is the locative term. |- | 17||Emganwini||Reference is made to the plentiful amarula trees in the vicinity. |- | 18||Emhlangeni|| |- | 19||Enqotsheni|| |- | 20||Entumbane||This is where King Mzilikazi was buried. It is one of the dozens of high-density suburbs of Bulawayo, commonly referred to as the "Western Suburbs". The first disturbances that led to the [[Gukurahundi]] were sparked in Entumbane, hence the term "Impi ye Ntumbane" that refers to the disturbances. |-

|- | 21||Fagadola|| |- | 22||Famona||The suburb was named after Famona, one of the daughters of King [[Lobengula]]. It means jealousy or envy must end (literally, "die"). |- | 23||Fortunes Gate (including Mtaba Moya)||The suburb's name comes from the original property name formerly owned by James Gilchrist Esq, and the gates are those of the original market building. |- | 24||Four Winds||The suburb name comes from the original property name; the first house was on top of a hill. |- | 25||Glencoe||This name is etched into the Scottish psyche as the bleak glen in the Highlands where, in 1692, a party of MacDonald men, women, and children were treacherously massacred by the Campbells, who were acting under government orders. |- | 26||Glengary||The suburb was named after its estate name. |- | 27||Glenville (including Richmond South)||The suburb was named after its estate name. |- | 28||Granite Park|| |- | 29||Greenhill||The suburb's name is a reference to scenery and topography. |- | 30||Gwabalanda||Named after a Ndebele chief, Gwabalanda Mathe. |- | 31||Harrisvale|| |- | 32||Helenvale|| |- | 33||Highmount|| |- | 34||Hillcrest||The suburb's name comes from the reference to topography. It is Greenhill's crest. |- | 35||Hillside||The suburb's name is a reference to topography (Greenhill's slope). |- | 36||Hillside South||The suburb's name comes from its position as the south facing slope of Greenhill. |- | 37||Hume Park||"Hume"/"Home" is a Lowland Scottish family name. |- | 38||Hyde Park||The name originates from the large number of residents who trace their ancestry to England. |- | 39||Ilanda||Ndebele name for the egret |- | 40||Iminyela||This is the name of a type of tree common in the area. |- | 41||Intini||The name was given as a commemoration to the Mhlanga family, who originally set out with the Khumalo family under Mzilikazi as gratitude to their contribution to the Ndebele Kingdom, Mthwakazi. The Ntini is the totem of the Mhlanga-Mabuya clan. |- | 42||Jacaranda||This is a reference to the jacaranda trees. |- | 43||Kelvin (Industrial area, includes North East and West)||The area was named in reference to a suburb of Glasgow. It takes its name from the [[River Kelvin]], a tributary of the River Clyde. |- | 44||Kenilworth||The suburb was named after its estate name. |- | 45||Khumalo||The suburb was named after the Royal Clan of the Matabele. The Khumalo hockey stadium is here. |- | 46||Khumalo North||This is a reference to the position of Kumalo suburb. |- | 47||Kilallo|| |- | 48||[[Killarney, Zimbabwe|Killarney]]||It is named after the town of Killarney in County Kerry in southwest Ireland. |- | 49||Kingsdale||Situated along the Joshua Mqabuko National Airport road before the Umguza River. The area mostly consists of farms. |- | 50||Lakeside||Lakeside is the stretch of water at the junction of the Old Essexvale Road and the road to the suburb of Waterford, and then on to Hope Fountain Mission. |- | 51||Lobengula||It is named after the second and last Matabele King, Lobengula. |- | 52||Lobenvale||The suburb's name is derived from a combination of King Lobengula's name and Umguza Valley. |- | 53||Lochview||The suburb's name is in reference to Lakeside Dam and is famous in the city for its large number of Scottish residents and the Scottish-style houses. According to the Bulawayo City Suburb Names website, the suburb was named after Lakeside Dam. |- | 54||Luveve||Named after Ndebele chief Luveve; established in 1935 |- | 55||Mabuthweni||The suburb's name means "where the soldiers are"; the name was given in reference to a bachelors' quarters. |- | 56||Magwegwe||The suburb name is named after Magwegwe, who was one of the significant people in King Lobengula's royal Bulawayo town. |- | 57||Magwegwe North||This is a reference to the position relative to that of Magwegwe. |- | 58||Magwegwe West||This is a reference to the position relative to that of Magwegwe. |- | 59||Mahatshula||Mahatshula is named after one of the Ndebele Indunas, Mahatshula Ndiweni. |- | 60||[[Makokoba]]||The suburb got its name from the actions of Mr. Fallon, who used walk around with a stick. The name comes from the word "umakhokhoba" which was how the locals referred to Fallon, meaning "the little old man who walks with a stick". The word actually describes the noise of the stick on the ground, ko-ko-ko, or the doors. It is the oldest African dwelling in the city. Political activism was rife in the pre-[[ZAPU]] era. |- | 61||Malindela||The suburb was named after the mother of Faluta, who was the mother of Lobengula, i.e., after Lobengula's maternal grandmother. |- | 62||Manningdale||It is named after the developer of the suburb. |- | 63||Marlands|| |- | 64||Matsheumhlope||The name comes from the association with the river ("White Stones"). White stones in Ndebele and Zulu proper languages are "amatshe amhlope". |- | 65||Matshobana||The suburb was named after Matshobana, who was a chief of the Khumalo clan and more significantly he was the father of Mzilikazi, the founder of the Ndebele Kingdom. |- | 66||Montgomery||It is named after [[Bernard Montgomery]], 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, a decorated British Army commander. |- | 67||Montrose||The suburb was named by the estate developers, and street names are of many Cotswolds villages and towns. |- | 68||Morningside|| |- | 69||Mpopoma||The name comes from a descriptive Ndebele name for the area, which was derived from the sound the Mpopoma River makes when flowing. |- | 70||Munda||The Tonga name for a plot of land on which people would farm |- | 71||Mzilikazi||The suburb was named after the founder of uMthwakazi, King Mzilikazi. It is a stone's throw away from Barbourfields suburb, separated by a road called Ambulance Drive that leads to one of the city's largest hospitals, Mpilo. |- | 72||New Luveve||Reference is made to the suburb Luveve; see Luveve suburb. |- | 73||Newsmansford|| |- | 74||Newton||Estate name |- | 75||Newton West||Reference to position (Newton) |- | 76||Nguboyenja||Named after Lobengula's son and heir |- | 77||Njube||Named after one of Lobengula's sons |- | 78||[[Nketa]]||It is named after the traditional heritage site of Nketa Hill on which King Lobengula assembled his entire kingdom and in the spirit of nation building, chose a Kalanga wife, MaDumane or Ma Mlalazi and married her. This was against the advice from his Khumalo or Zansi advisers. He then told them that the Kalanga where more than the Khumalos, Ngunis and other clans who came from south of the Limpopo. He stated that it was then important that the broader Mthwakazi society must be inclusive of everyone and it was high time the Kalanga had a Queen from their own clan. At that stage Mthwakazi was divided into three subgroups: the Zansi – the people that Mzilikazi left Kwazulu with, mostly the Khumalo and Ndwandwe clans; the Enhla – mostly Swazi, Ndebele (Mabhena, Mahlangu etc.) and Sotho (Sibanda/Batau, Ngwenya/Bakwena etc.) tribes from central Transvaal in South Africa; and the Hole – the Kalanga and Lozwi (Moyo, Tshuma, Nleya etc.) people Mzilikazi found in this area. The division was done mostly for security reasons and the Khumalo royal family had to maintain that to ensure they preserve royalty. |- | 79||Nkulumane||One of the sons of King Mzilikazi and heir, founder of the Matebele kingdom |- | 80||North End||Reference to the direction of the suburb |- | 81||North Lynne|| |- | 82||North Trenance||Reference to position relative to that of Trenance |- | 83||Northlea|| |- | 84||Northvale||Former town council area; reference to position and (Umguza) valley |- | 85||Ntaba Moyo|| |- | 86||Orange Grove|| |- | 87||Paddonhurst||Named after Major Cecil Paddon, O.B.E. (pioneer) |- | 88||Parklands||Estate name; Park Lands estate A (portion of original grant to Dominican Sisters) |- | 89||Parkview||Situated on the location adjacent to the Centenary Park and proposed location of Bulawayo Zoo |- | 90||[[Phelandaba]]||Phelandaba translates as "the matter is concluded", a reference to the successful conclusion to the struggle for security. |- | 91||Phumula||Phumula means "a resting place", reference to the fact that many have built homes there to retire to. |- | 92||Phumula South||Named in reference to relative position of Pumula |- | 93||Queens Park||A reference to the Queen and the three main roads – Victoria, Alexandra and Elizabeth |- | 94||Queens Park East||A reference to the position relative to that of Queen Park |- | 95||Queens Park West||A reference to the position relative to that of Queen Park |- | 96||Queensdale|| |- | 97||Rangemore||The suburb adopted the original estate name. |- | 98||Raylton||The suburb adopted the original estate name. |- | 99||Richmond|| |- | 100||Riverside||Derived from the original estate name, which was in reference to the Umguza River |- | 101||Romney Park||The suburb was named after George Romney, a British painter. |- | 102||Sauerstown||Named after Dr. [[Han Sauer]] the owner of the land. |- | 103||Selbourne Park||Named after the main road of Selbourne Avenue, now called L. Takawira Avenue, facing Ascot Mansions |- | 104||Sizinda||Battle regiment of Mzilikazi of the Matabele |- | 105||Southdale|| |- | 106||Souththwold||The suburb was named by the estate developers, and street names are of many Cotswolds villages and towns. |- | 107||Steeldale||Composite name referring to industry |- | 108||Suburbs||This was the first suburb in Bulawayo and retained that name. The suburb has many tree-lined avenues and is where the Centenary Park, Natural History Museum and the Bulawayo Athletic Club are found. |- | 109||Sunninghill||After British royal residence (given to present Queen at time of marriage) |- | 110||Sunnyside||Chosen from list of suggested names |- | 111||Tegela||The name is derived from a Ndebele word ukwethekela meaning "to visit". |- | 112||The Jungle|| |- | 113||Thorngrove||The suburb's name came from the large number of mimosa (thorn) trees in the area. |- | 114||Trenance|| |- | 115||Tshabalala||This is the "[[isibongo]]" or [[praise name]] for Lobengula's mother, Fulata, who was of Swazi extraction. |- | 116||Tshabalala Extension||Extension in reference to the suburb of Tshabalala |- | 117||Umguza Estate||Named after the Umguza River which runs through it |- | 118||Upper Rangemore||Name in reference to Rangemore suburb |- | 119||Waterford|| |- | 120||Waterlea|| |- | 121||West Somerton|| |- | 122||Westgate|| |- | 123||Westondale|| |- | 124||Willsgrove|| |- | 125||Windsor Park||Named after English town or Guildford Castle grounds |- | 126||Woodlands||Chosen from a list of suggested names |- | 127||Woodville|| |- | 128||Woodville Park|| |}

:Retained the old estate name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bulawayo1872.com/|title=Bulawayo 1872.com : Southern African home|last=Technologies|first=Numo Uno|website=bulawayo1872.com|access-date=21 October 2006|archive-date=7 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907213050/http://www.bulawayo1872.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/placenames/placename_bulawayo.htm|title=Scottish Place Names – Bulawayo, Zimbabwe|website=rampantscotland.com|access-date=5 October 2011|archive-date=10 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010142822/http://rampantscotland.com/placenames/placename_bulawayo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bougainvillea, Bulawayo.jpg|thumb|[[Bougainvillea]] outside a Bulawayo home]]

==Demographics==

===Population census controversy=== {{Historical populations |title = |type = |align = |width = |state = |shading = |pop_name = |percentages = |footnote = |source = [http://www.geohive.com/cntry/zimbabwe.aspx Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)] |1982 | 413,814 |1992 | 620,936 |2002 | 676,650 |2012 | 653,337 |2022 | 665,952 }}The population of Bulawayo, according to the 2012 national census, stood at 653,337.<ref name="zimstat.co.zw">{{cite web|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/Census/CensusResults2012/Bulawayo.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909182148/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/Census/CensusResults2012/Bulawayo.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2015|title=Provincial Report – Bulawayo|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref> However, this figure was rejected by the Bulawayo City Council, with Councillor Martin Moyo claiming an anti-Bulawayo conspiracy to under-fund projects in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bulawayo Census Outrage |url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/census-findings-spark-outrage-mayor-claims-anti-bulawayo-conspiracy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220214156/http://www.chronicle.co.zw/census-findings-spark-outrage-mayor-claims-anti-bulawayo-conspiracy/ |archive-date=20 February 2016 |access-date=4 May 2016 |website=The Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2012 |title=Storm Over Bulawayo Census Results |url=http://www.thestandard.co.zw/2012/12/23/storm-over-byo-census-results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221173502/http://www.thestandard.co.zw/2012/12/23/storm-over-byo-census-results/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=4 May 2016 |website=The Standard}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups=== {{bar box |title=Ethnic Groups in Bulawayo City (2012 Census)<ref name="zimstat.co.zw" /> |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Ethnic Groups |right1=percent |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|Black|darkgreen|97.96}} {{bar percent|Coloured|purple|1.0}} {{bar percent|White|red|0.75}} {{bar percent|Asian|black|0.12}} {{bar percent|Other|orange|0.02}} {{bar percent|Not Stated|darkblue|0.14}} }} The vast majority of Bulawayo City residents were [[Black African]] with 97.96%. Other ethnic groups in the city were Coloured (0.9%), White (0.75%) and [[Asian people|Asian]] (0.22%). Members of other ethnic groups comprised 0.02%, and 0.14% of the city did not state their ethnic group. There were 4,926 White Zimbabweans living in Bulawayo in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population data. Bulawayo |url=https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/publications/Population/population/Bulawayo.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206104055/https://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/publications/Population/population/Bulawayo.pdf |archive-date=6 December 2021 |website=ZimStat}}</ref>

==Economy== Bulawayo was known as the industrial hub of Zimbabwe, leading to the Zimbabwe International Trade Fair being hosted in Bulawayo. It had a large manufacturing presence with large industries based here before Zimbabwe's economic decline.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} However, some of these companies have either moved operations to [[Harare]] or have closed down – which has crippled Bulawayo's economy. Most factories are deserted and the infrastructure has since been left to deteriorate.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} The reason for the de-industrialization has largely been political, with some factories like Goldstar Sugars removing machinery to open new factories in Harare. When the Zimbabwean government passed indigenisation laws, some successful businesses were taken over by [[ZANU–PF]] supporters, only to close down a few years later.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

Many locals argue that it is because of marginalisation they experience against the government due to political tensions with the ZANU-PF government in [[Harare]] and the MDC-run Bulawayo council. For instance, the National Railways of Zimbabwe (headquarters in Bulawayo) is a government-owned entity and, as such, should have been thriving had it not been for embezzlement of funds by company executives who are believed to be Shona.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} The water issue is not new and had brought about the "help a thirsty Matabele" initiative of the 1970s and the [[Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project]] which would put an end to the water issue in [[Matabeleland]] was drafted; however, this project was put on hold soon after independence.<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-investment-climate-statements/zimbabwe/#:~:text=Zimbabwe%20has%20attracted%20low%20investment,USD%20470%20million%20in%202018.|title=Zimbabwe|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205074132/https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-investment-climate-statements/zimbabwe/#:~:text=Zimbabwe%20has%20attracted%20low%20investment,USD%20470%20million%20in%202018.|url-status=live}}</ref>

These allegations have all been refuted by national authorities. The city still contains the bulk of Zimbabwe's heavy industry and food processing capability.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

Like many parts of the country, Bulawayo has for the past ten years{{when|date=November 2017}} seen a huge drop in service delivery and an increase in unemployment, with many who can, opting to seek better prospects abroad.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} Many people resort to farming, mining, and the black market for sustenance, while others depended on the little foreign currency that would be sent by family in other countries. However, with the inauguration of the Mnangagwa government, a new approach is seen by investors in the city who admire the already-available infrastructure; the huge workforce; and see Bulawayo as a potential business hub.<ref name="state.gov"/> It is set to once again contribute greatly to the economy of Zimbabwe.

[[File:Bulawayo Centre.jpg|thumb|The Bulawayo Centre]]

===Landmarks and institutions=== [[File:Nesbittcastle2.jpg|thumb|alt=The Nesbitt Castle|The [[Nesbitt Castle]], Bulawayo]] These include:

*Ascot Centre *[[Barbourfields Stadium]] *White City Stadium<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wikimapia.org/27008730/White-City-Stadium |title=White City Stadium |access-date=6 March 2024 |archive-date=5 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305170236/http://wikimapia.org/27008730/White-City-Stadium |url-status=live }}</ref> *Egodini<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cite.org.zw/vendors-and-kombis-to-move-into-egodini-by-february/ |title=Egodini |access-date=8 March 2024 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308063551/https://cite.org.zw/vendors-and-kombis-to-move-into-egodini-by-february/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *Bulawayo Centre *Bulawayo Polytechnic College<ref name="tech"/> *Bulawayo Golf Club *Fidelity Life Centre *Luveve Stadium *Mhlahlandlela Government Complex<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshili |first=Nqobile |date=13 August 2020 |title=Mhlahlandlela Government Complex Closed |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/mhlahlandlela-govt-complex-closed/ |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Chronicle Zimbabwe |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313065008/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/mhlahlandlela-govt-complex-closed/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Nesbitt Castle]] *NRZ building *[[NUST (Zimbabwe)|National University of Science and Technology]] *Zimbabwe International Trade Fair<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zitf.co.zw/ |title=Zimbabwe International Trade Fair |access-date=27 February 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227060018/https://zitf.co.zw/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Seize opportunities presented by the ZITF' – #Asakhe – CITE |url=https://cite.org.zw/seize-opportunities-presented-by-the-zitf/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226065239/https://cite.org.zw/seize-opportunities-presented-by-the-zitf/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *Bulawayo Airport [[Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport|(formal name: Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport]]) *Zimbabwe School of Mines<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zsm.ac.zw/ |title=Zimbabwe School of Mines |access-date=29 February 2024 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229064740/https://www.zsm.ac.zw/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Bulawayo Airport-70s.jpg|thumb|Bulawayo Airport building from the tarmac (1989)]]

==Government== Bulawayo is governed by the [[Bulawayo City Council]], which is headed by the [[Mayor of Bulawayo]].

==Culture == [[File:Centinary Park.jpg|thumb|upright|Centenary Park]]

Bulawayo has museums of national importance, including the [[Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe]], [[National Gallery of Zimbabwe|National Gallery, Bulawayo]] and the [[Bulawayo Railway Museum]].

Bulawayo also hosts an arts and culture festival annually in September, the Intwasa Arts Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cite.org.zw/intwasa-festival-on-the-horizon/ |title=Intwasa Arts Festival |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304054744/https://cite.org.zw/intwasa-festival-on-the-horizon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are a number of parks in Bulawayo, including:

* Centenary Park (which includes an amphitheatre, lawns and a large fountain) * City hall (with artists selling sculptures) * Mthwakazi Arts Center * Barham Green *[[Hillside Dams|Hillside Dams Conservancy]] (which has a number of dams within it) * Mabukweni * Waterfront (which also has activities like zip line) * Umguza Dam * Matobo Sailing Club<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mpofu |first=Mbulelo |date=8 January 2022 |title=Weekend Chillas Breathe Life into Matopo Sailing Club |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/weekend-chillas-breathe-life-into-matopo-sailing-club/ |access-date=1 March 2024 |work=The Chronicle |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301070207/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/weekend-chillas-breathe-life-into-matopo-sailing-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (which has activities including canoeing and Luna Park<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chiwanga |first=Stanford |date=21 May 2022 |title=Luna Park finds permanent home at Matopos Sailing Club |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/luna-park-finds-permanent-home-at-matopos-sailing-club/ |work=The Chronicles |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301070207/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/luna-park-finds-permanent-home-at-matopos-sailing-club/ |url-status=live }}</ref>)

==Geography== Bulawayo is located in the south west of Zimbabwe, in the middle of savanna country. It has four seasons, with rains starting in late October to about March. The coldest months are May and June with July being cold and windy.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe Zimbabwe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307125733/https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe |date=7 March 2021 }}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019</ref>

===Topography=== The city sits on a plain that marks the Highveld of Zimbabwe and is close to the watershed between the [[Zambezi]] and [[Limpopo]] drainage basins. The land slopes gently downwards to the north and northwest. The southern side is hillier, and the land becomes more broken in the direction of the [[Matobo Hills]] to the south. [[File:Petrea flowers, Bulawayo.jpg|thumb|[[Petrea]] flower in a garden in Bulawayo]]

===Climate=== Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Bulawayo features a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (''BSh''). Due to its relatively high altitude, the city has fairly moderate temperatures despite lying in the tropics. The mean annual temperature is {{cvt|19.16|C}},<ref>GISS Climate data, Average annual temperature 1971 to 2001</ref> similar to [[Pretoria]], which is a similar elevation but almost {{convert|600|km|mi|-1}} further south. As with much of southern and eastern Zimbabwe, Bulawayo is cooled by a prevailing southeasterly airflow most of the year and experiences three broad seasons: a dry, cool winter season from May to August; a hot dry period in early summer from late August to early November; and a warm wet period for the rest of the summer, early November to April.

The hottest month is October, which is usually the height of the dry season. The average maximum temperature ranges from {{cvt|21|C}} in July to {{cvt|30|C}} in October. During the rainy season, daytime maxima are around {{cvt|26|C}}. Nights are always cool, ranging from {{cvt|8|C}} in July to {{cvt|16|C}} in January.

The city's average annual rainfall is {{cvt|594|mm}}, which supports open woodland vegetation, dominated by ''[[Combretum]]'' and ''[[Terminalia (plant)|Terminalia]]'' trees. Most rain falls between December and February, while June to August is usually rainless. Being close to the [[Kalahari Desert]], Bulawayo is vulnerable to droughts and rainfall tends to vary sharply from year to year. In 1978, {{cvt|888|mm}} of rain fell in the three months up to February. February 1944 was the wettest month on record with {{cvt|368|mm|}}, while in the three months ending in February 1983, only {{cvt|84|mm}} fell.

{{Weather box |location=Bulawayo |metric first=Y |single line=Y |Jan record high C = 36.7 |Feb record high C = 34.4 |Mar record high C = 35.6 |Apr record high C = 33.0 |May record high C = 30.6 |Jun record high C = 28.3 |Jul record high C = 28.3 |Aug record high C = 32.2 |Sep record high C = 35.0 |Oct record high C = 36.7 |Nov record high C = 37.2 |Dec record high C = 35.2 |year record high C = 37.2 |Jan high C = 27.7 |Feb high C = 27.2 |Mar high C = 27.1 |Apr high C = 25.9 |May high C = 24.1 |Jun high C = 21.6 |Jul high C = 21.5 |Aug high C = 24.4 |Sep high C = 27.9 |Oct high C = 29.4 |Nov high C = 28.7 |Dec high C = 27.7 |year high C = 26.1 |Jan mean C = 21.8 |Feb mean C = 21.2 |Mar mean C = 20.6 |Apr mean C = 18.7 |May mean C = 16.0 |Jun mean C = 13.7 |Jul mean C = 13.8 |Aug mean C = 16.4 |Sep mean C = 19.9 |Oct mean C = 21.6 |Nov mean C = 21.7 |Dec mean C = 21.4 |year mean C = 18.9 |Jan low C = 16.5 |Feb low C = 16.2 |Mar low C = 15.3 |Apr low C = 13.0 |May low C = 9.9 |Jun low C = 7.4 |Jul low C = 7.2 |Aug low C = 9.1 |Sep low C = 12.4 |Oct low C = 15.0 |Nov low C = 16.0 |Dec low C = 16.3 |year low C = 12.9 |Jan record low C = 10.0 |Feb record low C = 9.4 |Mar record low C = 8.4 |Apr record low C = 3.5 |May record low C = 0.0 |Jun record low C = -3.9 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = 1.4 |Oct record low C = 6.9 |Nov record low C = 7.2 |Dec record low C = 8.9 |year record low C = -3.9 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 117.8 |Feb rain mm = 104.6 |Mar rain mm = 51.4 |Apr rain mm = 33.3 |May rain mm = 7.0 |Jun rain mm = 2.2 |Jul rain mm = 1.0 |Aug rain mm = 1.4 |Sep rain mm = 7.0 |Oct rain mm = 38.4 |Nov rain mm = 91.1 |Dec rain mm = 120.3 |year rain mm = 575.5 |Jan rain days = 10 |Feb rain days = 8 |Mar rain days = 5 |Apr rain days = 3 |May rain days = 1 |Jun rain days = 1 |Jul rain days = 0 |Aug rain days = 0 |Sep rain days = 1 |Oct rain days = 4 |Nov rain days = 8 |Dec rain days = 10 |year rain days = 51 |Jan humidity = 69 |Feb humidity = 71 |Mar humidity = 70 |Apr humidity = 62 |May humidity = 56 |Jun humidity = 54 |Jul humidity = 48 |Aug humidity = 43 |Sep humidity = 41 |Oct humidity = 43 |Nov humidity = 55 |Dec humidity = 63 |year humidity = 56 |Jan sun = 244.9 |Feb sun = 212.8 |Mar sun = 251.1 |Apr sun = 252.0 |May sun = 279.0 |Jun sun = 267.0 |Jul sun = 288.3 |Aug sun = 300.7 |Sep sun = 288.0 |Oct sun = 272.8 |Nov sun = 237.0 |Dec sun = 226.3 |year sun = 3119.9 |Jand sun = 7.9 |Febd sun = 7.6 |Mard sun = 8.1 |Aprd sun = 8.4 |Mayd sun = 9.0 |Jund sun = 8.9 |Juld sun = 9.3 |Augd sun = 9.7 |Sepd sun = 9.6 |Octd sun = 8.8 |Novd sun = 7.9 |Decd sun = 7.3 |yeard sun = 8.5 |source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name= WMO>{{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=950 | title = World Weather Information Service – Bulawayo | publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 25 October 2015 | archive-date = 17 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181117234909/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=950 | url-status = live }}</ref> NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZI/67965.TXT | title = Bulawayo Airport Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210302170223/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZI/67965.TXT | archive-date = 2021-03-02 | url-status = dead | access-date = 10 June 2016 }}</ref> |source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes and humidity)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_679640_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Bulawayo (Goetz-Observatorium) / Simbabwe | work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 13 May 2016 | archive-date = 16 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191216030709/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_679640_kt.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> }}

=== Water supply === Bulawayo has good-quality tap water meeting international standards. Bulawayo does not recycle waste water but uses treated waste water for irrigation.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

Bulawayo experiences water shortages in drought seasons due to the overwhelming increase in population versus the static and sometimes decreasing capacity of dams. The geographical factors causing [[water scarcity]] are rising temperatures, the area's high elevation and the arid environment of [[Matabeleland]].{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

Environmental and sanitation circumstances have detrimental effects on water quality. Sources such as groundwater and tap water are subject to pollution due to waste from burst sewers contaminating them. Samples taken from well water from the Pumula and Robert Sinyoka suburbs show that well water has levels of [[Coliform bacteria]] exceeding levels recommended by the Standards Association of Zimbabwe and the [[World Health Organization]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The impact of water scarcity on environmental health in selected residential areas in Bulawayo City, Zimbabwe|last1=Nyemba|first1=Anesu|last2=Manzungu|first2=Emmanuel|date=2010|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.028|volume=35|issue=13–14|pages=823–827|bibcode=2010PCE....35..823N}}</ref><ref>Nyemba, Anesu. "The impact of water scarcity on environmental health in selected residential areas in Bulawayo City, Zimbabwe." ''Physics and chemistry of the earth'' 35.13 (2010):823–827. Web.</ref>

==Sports== [[File:Opening ceremony of the African Olympic Hockey Qualifiers 2011.JPG|thumb|Opening ceremony of the African Olympic Hockey Qualifiers 2011, Khumalo Hockey Stadium]]Bulawayo is home to the [[Queens Sports Club]] and [[Bulawayo Athletic Club]], two of the three grounds in Zimbabwe where [[Test cricket|test match]] [[cricket]] has been played.

Bulawayo Golf Club, the first golf club in the city and country, was established in 1895. The Matsheumhlope Stream cuts through the 18 hole course in the suburbs.

It is home to Hartsfield Rugby grounds where many international Test matches have been played. Hartsfield was developed by Reg Hart, after whom the grounds were named and on which field many of southern Africa's greatest rugby players have competed. It is home to two large football teams: [[Highlanders F.C.|Highlanders]] and [[Zimbabwe Saints]]. Other football teams include [[Bantu Rovers]], [[Chicken Inn F.C.|Chicken Inn]], [[How Mine FC|How Mine]], Quelaton, and Bulawayo City (R).

[[File:Natural History Museum Zimbabwe Bulawayo.jpg|thumb|Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe]]

Other important sporting and recreational facilities include:

*[[Barbourfields Stadium]] *Zimbabwe International Trade Fair Grounds *Kumalo Hockey Stadium *Ascot [[Racecourse]] *[[Khami|Khami Ruins]] *White City Stadium *Karate centres

==Transport== [[File:NRZ 14A class no 515.jpg|thumb|14A class Engine no 515 on Ash Spur shunt, Bulawayo Station]]

The city has a total road network of about 2,100 kilometres; in 2017, 70 percent was in poor condition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-104307.html|title=70% of Bulawayo roads dilapidated|date=12 February 2017|work=bulawayo24.com|access-date=17 May 2017|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121084600/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-104307.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[R2 Road (Zimbabwe)|R2 road]] links Bulawayo with Harare, and the [[Cape to Cairo Road]] links with [[Gaborone]] and [[Lusaka]].

The Bulawayo railway station is the central point of the railway line that connects the cities of [[Lusaka]] and [[Gaborone]] (part of the [[Cape to Cairo Railway]]), as well as being the terminal of the [[Beira–Bulawayo railway]], which connects with the cities of [[Gweru]], [[Harare]], [[Mutare]] and [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1=Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2=Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |year=2003 |chapter=Bulawayo, Zimbabwe |author=Mlambo, Alois |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143718/https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC |url-status=live }}</ref> Through the station on the outskirts of [[Umzingwane]], Bulawayo is connected to the [[Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway]].

On 1 November 2013, a new terminal of [[Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport]], formerly known as Bulawayo Airport, was opened.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-38251.html|title=Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport opens|date=2 November 2013|work=bulawayo24.com|access-date=17 May 2017|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224232659/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-38251.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Healthcare== Bulawayo is home to many hospitals and other medical facilities. The United Bulawayo Hospitals, a public [[hospital network]], operates [[Bulawayo Central Hospital]], Richard Morris Hospital, Lady Rodwell Maternity Hospital, and Robbie Gibson Infectious Diseases Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubh.org.zw/about-us/|title=About Us|website=United Bulawayo Hospitals|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-27|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182123/http://www.ubh.org.zw/about-us/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Mpilo Hospital|Mpilo Central Hospital]], is the largest hospital in Bulawayo, and the second-largest in Zimbabwe, and features a [[nursing school]] and [[midwifery]] school on its campus. Bulawayo is also home to [[Ingutsheni Hospital]], which at 700 beds is the largest [[psychiatric hospital]] in Zimbabwe. Other hospitals in Bulawayo include All Saints Children's Hospital, Hillside Hospital, [[Mater Dei Hospital (Bulawayo)|Mater Dei Hospital]], the Nervous Disorders Hospital, [[St Francis Hospital (Bulawayo)|St Francis Hospital]] and Thorngrove Isolation Hospital.

==Education== In Bulawayo, there are 128 primary and 48 secondary schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://talkzimbabwe.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=84&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=5507&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=1705&hn=talkzimbabwe&he=.com|title=Health disaster looms in Bulawayo|last=Makoni|first=Albert|date=6 September 2007|publisher=The Zimbabwe Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226051435/http://talkzimbabwe.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=84&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=5507&wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=1705&hn=talkzimbabwe&he=.com|archive-date=26 December 2007|url-status=dead|access-date=22 November 2007}}</ref> {{Div col}}

=== Primary schools ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! No. !! School name |- | 1.||Amaswazi Primary School |- | 2.||Amaveni Primary School |- | 3.||Babambeni Primary School |- | 4.||Baines Infant School |- | 5.||Baines Junior |- | 6.||Barham Green Primary School |- | 7.|| Carmel Primary School |- | 8.||Coghlan Primary School |- | 9.||[[Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo]] |- | 10.||Dumezweni Primary School |- | 11.||Emakhandeni Primary School |- | 12.||Fairbridge Primary School |- | 13.||Fusi Primary School |- | 14.||Gampu Primary School |- | 15.||Godlwayo Primary School |- | 16.||Helemu Primary School |- | 17.||Henry Low Primary School |- | 18.||Hillside Infant School |- | 19.||Hillside Junior School |- | 20.||HQ 1 Brigade Primary School |- | 21.||Hugh Beadle Primary School |- | 22.||Induba Primary School |- | 23.||[[Infant School]] |- | 24.||Ingubo Primary School |- | 25.||Ingwegwe Primary School |- | 26.||Inkanyezi Primary School |- | 27.||Insukamini Primary School |- | 28.||Intunta Primary School |- | 29.||Inzwananzi Primary School |- | 30.||John Slaven Primary School |- | 31.||Josiah Chinamano Primary School |- | 32.||King George VI Memorial School |- | 33.||Kumalo Primary School |- | 34.||Lobengula Primary School |- | 35.||Lobengula Primary School |- | 36.||Lochview Primary School |- | 37.||Losikeyi Primary School |- | 38.||Lotshe Primary School |- | 39.||Lukhanyiso Primary School |- | 40.||Luveve Primary School |- | 41.||Mabhukudwana Primary School |- | 42.||Mafakela Primary School |- | 43.||Mafela Primary School |- | 44.||Magwegwe Primary School |- | 45.||Mahlabezulu Primary School |- | 46.||Mahlathini Primary School |- | 47.||Malindela Primary School |- | 48.||Manondwana Primary School |- | 49.||Manyewu Primary School |- | 50.||Maphisa Primary School |- | 12. ||Masiyephambili Junior School |- | 51.||Masuku Primary School |- | 52.||Maswazi Primary School |- | 53.||Matshayisikova Primary School |- | 54.||Mawaba Primary School |- | 55.||Mazwi Primary School |- | 56.||Mbizo Primary School |- | 57.||McKeurten Primary School |- | 58.||Mganwini Primary School |- | 59.||Mgiqika Primary School |- | 60.||Mgombane Primary School |- | 61.||Mhali Primary School |- | 62.||Milton Junior School |- | 63.||Mkhithika Primary School |- | 64.||Moray Primary School |- | 65.||Mpumelelo Primary School |- | 66.||Mthombowesizwe Primary School |- | 67.||Mtshane Primary School |- | 68.||Mtshede Primary School |- | 69.||Mtshingwe Primary School |- | 70.||Mzilikazi Primary School |- | 71.||Newmansford Primary School |- | 72.||Ngwalongwalo Primary School |- | 73.||Nketa Primary School |- | 74.||Nkulumane Primary School |- | 75.||Ntabeni Primary School |- | 76.||Ntshamathe Primary School |- | 77.||Nyamande Primary School |- | 78.||Petra Primary School |- | 79.||Phelandaba SDA Primary School |- | 80.||Queen Elizabeth II Primary School |- | 81.||Rangemore Primary School |- | 82.||Robert Tradgold Primary School |- | 83.||Rose Camp Primary School |- | 84.||Senzangakhona Primary School |- | 86.||Sigombe Primary School |- | 87.||SOS Hermann Gmeiner Primary School Bulawayo |- | 88.||St. Bernards R.C Primary School |- | 89.||St. Patricks R.C Primary School |- | 90.||[[St. Thomas Aquinas Primary School]] |- | 91.||Tategulu Primary School |- | 92.||Tennyson Primary School |- | 93.||Thembiso Primary School |- | 94.||Thomas Rudland Primary School |- | 95.||Trenance Primary School |- | 96.||Waterford Primary School |- | 97.||[[Whitestone School]] |- | 98.||Woodville Primary School |- | 99.||Zulukandaba Primary School |}

=== Secondary and high schools === {{Main|List of secondary schools in Bulawayo}}

=== Schools outside Bulawayo === * [[Falcon College]] – Esigodini * [[Plumtree School]] – Plumtree * Mzingwane High School – Esigodini * St. James Girls High School – Nyamandlovu * [[Rhodes Estate Preparatory School]] – Matopo * George Silundika High School – Nyamandlovu {{div col end}}

=== Higher education === Bulawayo is home to a number of [[college]]s and [[University|universities]]. The National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe, ([[National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe|NUST]]), the second largest university in Zimbabwe, was established in Bulawayo in 1991.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlJW3iBph3gC|title=Education and Development in Zimbabwe|last1=Shizha|first1=Edward|last2=Kariwo|first2=Michael T.|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2012|isbn=9789460916069|page=10|language=en|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143718/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlJW3iBph3gC|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Solusi University]], a [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] institution established in Bulawayo in 1894, gained university status in 1994.

The [[Bulawayo Polytechnic College]] offers tertiary training for students who have completed GCE O Level and A Level education. It issues national certificates ([[National Certificate|NC]]), diplomas and higher national diplomas ([[Higher National Diploma|HND]]) certificates. Bulawayo has two specialist teacher training colleges: Hillside Teachers College for secondary education and the United College of Education for primary education.

Bulawayo is home to a number of [[Institute of technology|institutes of technology]] and [[Vocational university|vocational colleges]], including [[Zimbabwe School of Mines]], Westgate Industrial Training College, and the Zimbabwe Theological College. In addition, companies such as the National Railways of Zimbabwe ([[National Railways of Zimbabwe|NRZ]]) and Zimbabwe Electricity and Supply Authority ([[ZESA]]) offer apprenticeship training for qualifying students who then become certified tradesworkers upon completion.

== Media ==

=== Newspapers === [[The Chronicle (Zimbabwe)|''The Chronicle'']], a [[State media|state-owned]] daily newspaper, and its Sunday edition, ''The Sunday News'', are published in Bulawayo. ''The Chronicle'' is the second-oldest newspaper in Zimbabwe, and along with [[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|''The Herald'']], published in Harare, it is one of two major state-owned newspapers in the country. ''UMthunywa'', a state-owned [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]]-language newspaper, is also published in Bulawayo, where the majority of the population belongs to the [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele people]]. Private online publications like Bulawayo24 News and B-Metro are also based in Bulawayo.

=== Radio === The two radio stations, [[Skyz Metro FM]], which is the first dedicated commercial radio station for the city and [[Khulumani FM]], owned by the [[Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation]] are based in the city and offer their programming mainly in [[English language|English]] and [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] and other languages spoken in the [[Matabeleland]] region. The other six radio stations, only two of which are privately owned, are also accessible in the city via FM transmission.

=== Television === The state owned [[ZBC TV]] is the only free TV channel in the city. The majority of households rely on the South African-based satellite television distributor, [[DStv]] and [[OVHD]] for entertainment, news and sport across Africa and the world.

=== Internet === There are a number of internet service providers in the city. Most people in the city access the internet through their mobile phones mainly for news, entertainment and communication.

== Notable people == {{Main|List of people from Bulawayo}}

==International relations== Bulawayo has six [[Sister city|sister cities]]:

* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Aberdeen]], Scotland (1986)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aboutaberdeen.com/Twin-City-Aberdeen-Stavanger-Norway|title=Twin City of Aberdeen Stavanger Norway|website=About Aberdeen|access-date=2019-02-26|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060358/https://aboutaberdeen.com/Twin-City-Aberdeen-Stavanger-Norway|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Durban]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/IGR/sistercities/Pages/default.aspx|title=Sister Cities|website=durban.gov.za|access-date=2019-02-26|archive-date=11 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911215331/http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/IGR/sistercities/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Polokwane]], South Africa (2012)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/12/02/bulawayo-engages-australia-for-economic-development/|title=Bulawayo Engages Australia For Economic Development|date=2018-12-02|website=ZimEye|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-26|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060345/https://www.zimeye.net/2018/12/02/bulawayo-engages-australia-for-economic-development/|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagicon|NAM}} [[Katima Mulilo]], Namibia<ref name=":0" /> * {{flagicon|BOT}} [[Francistown]], Botswana *{{flagicon|ZAM}} [[Livingstone, Zambia]]

==See also==

*[[List of cities and towns in Zimbabwe]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography==

{{Commons category|Bulawayo}} {{See also|Timeline of Bulawayo#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Bulawayo}} {{Wikivoyage}} {{ZW provinces}} {{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bulawayo| ]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 1840s]] [[Category:Populated places in Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Provinces of Zimbabwe]] [[Category:1840s establishments in Africa]]