{{Short description|Geologic formation in Russia}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Bukobay Svita | period = Ladinian | age = [[Ladinian]]<br>~{{fossil range|242|235}} | image = Mastodonsaurus3.jpg | imagesize = | caption = ''"[[Mastodonsaurus]]" torvus'', an [[index fossil]] of the Bukobay Svita / Gorizont | type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Stratigraphic Formation]] | prilithology = [[Claystone]], [[siltstone]] | otherlithology = [[Sandstone]] | unitof = | subunits = | underlies = | overlies = [[Donguz Svita]] | thickness = | coordinates = {{coord|51.4|N|55.5|E|display=inline,title}} | paleocoordinates = {{coord|35.4|N|41.0|E|display=inline}} | region = [[Orenburg Oblast|Orenburg]], [[Bashkortostan]] | country = {{RUS}} | map = {{Location map+ | Russia | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = {{Location map~ | Russia | lat_deg = 51.4 | lon_deg = 55.5 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 12 }} }} }} The '''Bukobay Svita''' (also [[anglicized]] as '''Bukobay''' or '''Bukobai Formation''') is a [[Middle Triassic]] [[geological unit]] in [[Russia]].<ref name=FWBukobay1>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Bukobay&group_formation_member=Bukobay Bukobay Formation] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWBukobay2>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Bukobai&group_formation_member=Bukobai Bukobai Formation] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref><ref name=FWBukobay3>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Bukobaiskaya%20Suite&group_formation_member=Bukobaiskaya%20Suite Bukobaiskaya Suite] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> It is composed primarily of red or grey [[lacustrine]] sediments, reconstructing a humid and marshy depositional environment. Bukobay is the youngest section of a Triassic terrestrial succession exposed south of the [[Ural Mountains]]. It is equivalent to a [[biostratigraphic unit]], the '''Bukobay [[Gorizont (geology)|Gorizont]]''', which is also called the '''"Bukobay Horizon"''' or '''"''Mastodonsaurus''" fauna''').
== Fossil content == Notable components of the Bukobay fauna include ''[[Mastodonsaurus|Mastodonsaurus torvus]]'' (a giant [[Capitosauria|capitosaur]] amphibian), ''[[Malutinisuchus|Malutinisuchus gratus]]'', ''[[Plagiosternum|Plagiosternum danilovi]]'', ''[[Synesuchus|Synesuchus muravjevi]]'', ''[[Jushatyria|Jushatyria vjushkovi]]''<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340926822_Samyj_molodoj_triasovyj_kompleks_nazemnyh_pozvonocnyh_v_Rossii_sostav_i_datirovka</ref> and ''[[Energosuchus|Energosuchus garjainovi]]'', the insects ''[[Mesoneta|Mesoneta uralensis]]'' and ''Triassomachilis uralensis'', ''[[Elatosaurus|Elatosaurus facetus]]'', [[Dicynodontia|dicynodonts]] ''Planitorostris pechoriensis'', ''[[Elephantosaurus|Elephantosaurus jachimovitschi]]'' (a large [[dicynodont]]), and ''[[Chalishevia|Chalishevia cothurnata]]'' (the youngest known [[erythrosuchid]]). [[Temnospondyl]]s include ''[[Bukobaja|Bukobaja enigmatica]]'', ''[[Plagioscutum|Plagioscutum caspiense]]'' and ''[[Plagiorophus|Plagiorophus paraboliceps]]'', with ''[[Ceratodus (genus)|Ceratodus orenburgensis]]'' and ''[[Ceratodus (genus)|C. bucobaensis]]'' as fish. The flora is also diverse, including ''[[Equisetites|Equisetites arenaceus]]'' (a species of giant [[Equisetaceae|horsetails]]), ferns ''[[Cladophlebis|Cladophlebis shensiensis]]'', ''[[Danaea|Danaeopsis rarinervisand]]'', ''[[Lepidopteris|Lepidopteris microcellularis]]'', ginkgophytes ''[[Sphenobaiera|Sphenobaiera granulifer]]'', ''[[Glossophyllum|Glossophyllum sp.]]'', cycadophytes ''Apoldia surakaica'' and [[Ladinian]]-age [[palynomorphs]].<ref name=Tverdokhlebov2003>Tverdokhlebov et al., 2003</ref><ref name=Tverdokhlebov2020>Tverdokhlebov et al., 2020</ref> Also found in the formation were unidentified species from the genus ''[[Mastodonsaurus|Mastodonsaurus sp.]]'', ''[[Cyclotosaurus|Cyclotosaurus sp.]]'', ''[[Pistosaurus|Pistosaurus sp.]]'', ''[[Bukobaja|Bukobaja sp.]]'' and ''[[Chalishevia|Chalishevia sp.]]'', as well as remains from the order [[Theriodontia|Theriodontia indet.]], [[Kannemeyeriiformes|Kannemeyeroidea indet.]] and [[Mastodonsauridae|Mastodonsauridae indet.]].
== See also == {{div col|colwidth=29em}} * [[Triassic land vertebrate faunachrons]] * [[Donguz Formation]], underlying fossiliferous formation in Russia * [[Erfurt Formation]], contemporaneous fossiliferous formation in Germany * [[Wetterstein Formation]], contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Alps * [[Omingonde Formation]], contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Namibia * [[Santa Maria Formation]], contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Brazil {{div col end}}
== References == {{reflist|3}}
=== Bibliography === * {{cite journal |last1=Tverdokhlebov |first1=V. P. |last2=Sennikov |first2=A. G. |last3=Novikov |first3=I. V. |last4=Ilyina |first4=N. V. |year=2020 |title=The Youngest Triassic Land Vertebrate Assemblage of Russia: Composition and Dating |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342366418 |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]] |language=en |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=297–310 |doi=10.1134/S0031030120030156|bibcode=2020PalJ...54..297T |s2cid=219958855 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Tverdokhlebov |first1=Valentin P. |last2=Tverdokhlebova |first2=Galina I. |last3=Surkov |first3=Mikhail V. |last4=Benton |first4=Michael J. |year=2003 |title=Tetrapod localities from the Triassic of the SE of European Russia |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825202000764 |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |language=en |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=1–66 |doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00076-4|bibcode=2003ESRv...60....1T |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Schoch |first1=R. |first2=A. R. |last2=Milner |year=2000 |title=Stereospondyli |journal=Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie |volume=3B |pages=1–20}}
== Further reading == * I. A. Dobruskina. 1982. Triassic Floras of Eurasia. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Transactions 365:1-196
[[Category:Geologic formations of Russia]] [[Category:Triassic System of Europe]] [[Category:Triassic Russia]] [[Category:Ladinian Stage]] [[Category:Sandstone formations]] [[Category:Siltstone formations]] [[Category:Alluvial deposits]] [[Category:Lacustrine deposits]] [[Category:Paleontology in Russia]] [[Category:Geography of Orenburg Oblast|Formations]] [[Category:Claystone formations]]