Bruce Langhorne

{{Short description|American folk musician (1938–2017)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2016}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bruce Langhorne | image = Mrtambourineman.jpg | image_size = | landscape =  | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | alias = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|5|11}} | birth_place = Tallahassee, Florida, U.S. | origin = | death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|4|14|1938|5|11}} | death_place = Venice, California, U.S. | genre = Folk music | occupation = Musician | instrument = Guitar, percussion | years_active =  | label = | associated_acts = | website =  }} '''Bruce Langhorne''' (May 11, 1938 – April 14, 2017)<ref name=fact/> was an American folk musician. He was active in the Greenwich Village folk scene in the 1960s, primarily as a session guitarist for folk albums and performances.

==Biography==

=== Early life === Langhorne was born in Tallahassee, Florida, where his father taught at the Florida Agriculture and Mechanical College for Negroes.<ref name=premier/> From the age of four, he lived with his mother at 555 Edgecombe Avenue, in New York City. 555 or the 'nickel' as it was called was a premier Sugar Hill residence of Black notables such as Joe Louis, Ted Shearer, Count Basie, Lena Horne, Teddy Wilson, Paul Robeson and Charles Alston. Bruce studied violin, but lost most of three fingers of his right hand when lighting a homemade rocket. He was then taught a few basic chords by his friend George Nelson Preston (now the contemporary artist). Within less than a week Langhorne had mastered several guitar techniques. When they were eighteen years of age, Preston persuaded him to become a summer camp councilor at the leftist Camp Woodland in Phoenicia, New york where folk music was a specialty. It was there that Langhorne met Pete Seeger and Babatunde Olatunji. Bruce was expelled from Horace Mann Prep School, and later claimed that as a teenager he was involved in a stabbing, following which he lived for two years in Mexico. He started playing guitar at the age of 17, and the loss of his fingers contributed to his distinctive playing style.<ref name=premier>[https://www.premierguitar.com/articles/20850-forgotten-heroes-bruce-langhorne Michael Ross, "Forgotten Heroes: Bruce Langhorne", ''Premier Guitar'', June 9, 2014]. Retrieved 15 April 2017</ref>

=== Early career in Greenwich Village === He began accompanying folk singer Brother John Sellers at clubs in Greenwich Village and soon started working with other musicians. Langhorne worked with many of the major performers in the folk revival of the 1950s and 1960s, including The Clancy Brothers & Tommy Makem, Joan Baez, Richie Havens, Carolyn Hester, Judy Collins, Peter LaFarge, Gordon Lightfoot, Hugh Masekela, Odetta, Babatunde Olatunji, Peter, Paul and Mary, Richard and Mimi Fariña, Tom Rush, Steve Gillette, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. He first recorded in 1961 with Carolyn Hester which is when he met Bob Dylan. He later said of Dylan: "I thought he was a terrible singer and a complete fake, and I thought he didn't play harmonica that well.... I didn't really start to appreciate Bobby as something unique until he started writing." In 1963, he accompanied Dylan on ''The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan'', and in 1965 was one of several guitarists on the album ''Bringing It All Back Home''.<ref name=premier/>

=== Mr. Tambourine Man === The title character of Bob Dylan's song "Mr. Tambourine Man" was probably inspired by Langhorne, who used to play a large Turkish frame drum in performances and recordings.<ref name=AllMusic>{{cite web|title=Bruce Langhorne|url={{AllMusic|id=bruce-langhorne-mn0000635087|tab=biography|pure_url=yes}}|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=July 22, 2009}}</ref><ref name=unterberger>{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/langhorne.html|title=Bruce Langhorne Interview|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|date=|publisher=|access-date=November 20, 2016}}</ref> The drum, which Langhorne purchased in a music store in Greenwich Village, had small bells attached around its interior, giving it a jingling sound much like a tambourine. Langhorne used the instrument most prominently on recordings by Richard and Mimi Fariña.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richardandmimi.com/bruce.html|title=Bruce Langhorne|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=November 23, 2016}}</ref> The drum is now in the collection of the [https://bobdylancenter.com/ Bob Dylan Center] in Tulsa.

=== Work with Bob Dylan === In addition to likely inspiring the title character of "Mr. Tambourine Man", Langhorne played the electric guitar countermelody on the song.<ref name="Dylan Encyclopedia">{{cite book|title=The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia|edition= revised and updated |author=Gray, M.|pages=395–396|year=2008|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-2974-2}}</ref> His guitar is also prominent on several other songs on Dylan's ''Bringing It All Back Home'' album, particularly "Love Minus Zero/No Limit" and "She Belongs to Me"; he also played the lead guitar parts on "Subterranean Homesick Blues", "Outlaw Blues", "Bob Dylan's 115th Dream" and "Maggie's Farm".<ref name=AllMusic/><ref name="Dylan Encyclopedia"/> He also played the guitar for Dylan's television performances of "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" and "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" on ''The Les Crane Show'' in February 1965, a month after the ''Bringing It All Back Home'' sessions.<ref name=AllMusic/><ref name="Dylan Encyclopedia"/> Two years earlier, Langhorne performed on "Corrina, Corrina", on the album ''The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan'', and on the outtake "Mixed-Up Confusion", which was eventually released on ''Biograph''.<ref name=AllMusic/><ref name="Dylan Encyclopedia"/> Years later, Langhorne played on tracks for Dylan's album ''Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid''.<ref name=AllMusic/><ref name="Dylan Encyclopedia"/>

=== Movie music composer === Langhorne composed the music for the Peter Fonda western film ''The Hired Hand'' (1971), which combined sitar, fiddle, and banjo. He also provided the scores for Fonda's 1973 science fiction film ''Idaho Transfer'' and his 1976 vigilante movie ''Fighting Mad'' which Jonathan Demme directed. Other films featuring Langhorne's scores include ''Stay Hungry'' (1976), ''Melvin and Howard'' (1980) and ''Night Warning'' (1982).

In 1992, Langhorne founded a hot-sauce company, [https://www.BroBruBru.com Brother Bru-Bru's African Hot Sauce].<ref name = Brubru> {{cite web | url = http://www.brobrubru.com/about | title = About Brother Bru-Bru's African Hot Sauces | accessdate = July 31, 2020 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190730170449/https://www.brobrubru.com/about/ | archivedate = July 30, 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref> The hot sauce is unique for containing "African spices" and all natural or organic, no sodium or low sodium ingredients.<ref name = Brubru/>

Bruce suffered a debilitating stroke in 2006, but was able to live at home, surrounded by loved ones, until his death from kidney failure on April 14, 2017,<ref name=fact> {{cite magazine | last = Lobenfeld | first = Claire | magazine = FACT | url = http://www.factmag.com/2017/04/14/bruce-langhorne-mr-tambourine-man-died/ | title = Bruce Langhorne, legendary folk musician and 'Mr. Tambourine Man' inspiration, has died | date = April 15, 2017 | publisher = VF Publishing | accessdate = July 31, 2020 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170610162053/https://www.factmag.com/2017/04/14/bruce-langhorne-mr-tambourine-man-died/ | archivedate = June 10, 2017 | url-status = live }} </ref> in Venice, California<ref> {{cite news | last = Marble | first = Steve | url = http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-bruce-langhorne-20170419-story.html | title = Bruce Langhorne, folk musician who inspired Bob Dylan's 'Mr. Tambourine Man', dies at 78 | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | date = April 19, 2017 | accessdate = July 31, 2020 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190224215131/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-bruce-langhorne-20170419-story.html | archivedate = February 24, 2019 | url-status = live }} </ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *{{AllMusic|id=bruce-langhorne-mn0000635087|label=Bruce Langhorne}} *{{AllMusic|id=bruce-langhorn-mn0002046717|label=Bruce Langhorn}} (a split entry under a misspelling)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Langhorne, Bruce}} Category:1938 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Musicians from Tallahassee, Florida Category:African-American guitarists Category:American film score composers Category:American folk guitarists Category:American male guitarists Category:American rock guitarists Category:American session musicians Category:American fingerstyle guitarists Category:Guitarists from New York (state) Category:American lead guitarists Category:Planet Drum members Category:American tambourine players Category:20th-century American guitarists Category:American male film score composers Category:20th-century American male musicians Category:People from East Harlem Category:Deaths from kidney failure in California Category:20th-century African-American musicians Category:21st-century African-American musicians