List of British monarchs

{{Short description|none}} {{Hatnote|This article is about monarchs of Great Britain (1707–1800) and the United Kingdom (1801–present). For earlier monarchs, see List of legendary kings of Britain, List of English monarchs, and List of Scottish monarchs.}} {{Featured list}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}} {{Use British English|date=August 2025}} {{Multiple image | perrow = 2 | header = British monarchs | image1 = Queen Anne of Great Britain.jpg | caption1 = Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain in 1707. | image3 = Edward VIII 1920.jpg | caption3 = Edward VIII had the shortest reign at 326 days. | image4 = Queen Elizabeth II official portrait for 1959 tour (retouched) (cropped) (3-to-4 aspect ratio).jpg | caption4 = Elizabeth II had the longest reign at 70 years 214 days. | image6 = P20260428DT-3982 (Charles III).jpg | caption6 = Charles III is the current King of the United Kingdom. | footer = | total_width = 300 | align = Right | alt1 = An oil portrait of Queen Anne in flowing orange robes; on a table on her left sits the tudor crown. | alt3 = A close black-and-white portrait photograph of Edward VIII looking at the camera; he is in a suit with a navy cap and navy medals on the left side of his blazer | alt6 = A close portrait photograph of Charles III in a blue suit and blue tie; in the background are oil paintings hanging on light blue walls. | alt4 = A colour photograph of Queen Elizabeth II facing slightly away form the camera, wearing a white dress and the blue garter robe, as well as a tiara and various other jewellery. }}

There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which occurred on 1 May 1707 upon the commencement of the Acts of Union. The first British monarch was Anne, who reigned between 1707 and 1714; the current monarch is Charles III, who acceded to the throne in September 2022. Although the style of "King of Great Britain" had been in use since the personal union of England and Scotland on 24 March 1603 under James VI and I, the official title came into effect legislatively in 1707 and therefore, apart from Anne, this list of British monarchs does not include the four earlier kings and one queen who ruled as monarchs of England and Scotland at the same time.

On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This later became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon the secession of the Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland) in the 1920s. British monarchs have also held various other titles reflecting their claims outside of the United Kingdom, including King of Hanover, Emperor of India, and Head of the Commonwealth. The title of monarch also comes with various secondary titles for land within the United Kingdom, such as the Duchy of Lancaster.

== Background == {{Further|Union of the Crowns}} Before 1603, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were independent states with different monarchs. Upon James VI of Scotland inheriting the monarchy of England from his cousin Elizabeth I, however, the two independent countries began sharing a monarch in a personal union known as the Union of the Crowns. Between November 1606 and July 1607 unification between the two countries was discussed in Parliament. While the English Parliament agreed to certain concessions to the Scots, it refused union. In October 1604, James VI and I declared himself to be the 'King of Great Britain'.{{Sfn|UK Parliament: "Union of the Crowns"|}} The style was used on coins, stamps, and elsewhere, but the Parliament of England did not use it officially, nor did they consider him the King of a single unified country.{{Sfn|Croft|2003|pp=52–54, 61}}{{Sfn|Willson|1963|pp=249–253}}

Anne ascended both thrones on 8 March 1702, upon the death of her brother-in-law and cousin William III, becoming Queen of England and Queen of Scotland.{{Sfn|Green|1970|p=90}}{{Sfn|UK Parliament: "Key Dates"|}} In November that year, Anne began negotiations with the Parliament of Scotland about a possible union of the two countries, but by 1704 they had ended without a deal. In 1706, a new proposal was debated that involved the merger of Scotland and England into a new country called 'Great Britain'. A final version of the proposal was presented to Anne in July that year. In January and March 1707, the Treaty of Union was passed by the Scottish and English parliaments respectively, with the union beginning from May.{{Sfn|UK Parliament: "Key Dates"|}}

Despite having eighteen pregnancies, Anne did not produce an heir that survived her or to adulthood.{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Queen Anne"|}} Before union, England had passed the Act of Settlement 1701 which defined Anne's cousin Sophia of Hanover and her heirs as Anne's successor in England and Ireland and disqualified Catholics from becoming monarch.{{Sfn|Jones (2026): "Queen Anne and the Union of England and Scotland".|}} However, Scotland had passed its own law, the Act of Security 1704, which allowed its parliament to choose an heir upon Anne's death.{{Sfn|BBC News (2014): "Scotland's Constitutional Crisis Three-Hundred Years Ago"|}} On union, Great Britain adopted the English succession and the Act of Security was repealed. When Anne died in 1714, she was succeeded by George I, Sophia of Hanover's eldest son.{{Sfn|Jones (2026): "Queen Anne and the Union of England and Scotland".|}}

== Statistics == The thirteen monarchs consist of ten kings and three queens. Only two monarchs were born outside of the United Kingdom; these were George I and George II, who were both born in Germany.{{Sfn|Weir|1996|pp=274, 277}} All but two monarchs died in the United Kingdom: George I died while he was still King, during a trip to his birthplace;{{Sfn|Weir|1996|p=276}} Edward VIII (by then Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor) died in Villa Windsor, Paris, while living in exile in France having abdicated over 35 years beforehand.{{Sfn|Ziegler|1991|pp=245, 556–557}} The longest reigning monarch was Elizabeth II, who reigned for 70 years and 214 days between 1952 and 2022;{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Elizabeth II"|}} the shortest reigning monarch was Edward VIII, who reigned for 326 days between January and December 1936. Only two of the thirteen monarchs have not been crowned as a monarch of Great Britain or the United Kingdom: Anne was crowned in 1702 before the Treaty of Union;{{Sfn|Curtis|1972|p=97}} and Edward VIII abdicated before he could be crowned.{{Sfn|Weir|1996|p=328}}

=== Other titles === Between George I and William IV, all monarchs had the additional office of Elector of Hanover (later King of Hanover). Hanover was a separate kingdom with its own government and army. When Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837, she could not become the Queen of Hanover ''suo jure'' as it followed Salic law, meaning that it could only be inherited by men through the male-line. Instead, her uncle Ernest Augustus became King of Hanover.{{Sfn|Packard|1998|pp=14–15}}

As well as being the monarch of Great Britain (1707–1801) or the United Kingdom (1801–), monarchs have held various other titles ''ex officio''. On 1 May 1876, Victoria accepted the title of Empress of India from parliament under then-Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli.{{Sfn|Knight|1968|pp=488–489}} Monarchs held this title until George VI issued a Royal Proclamation renouncing it on 22 June 1948, in line with India's independence from the United Kingdom.{{Sfn|London Gazette (1948): "By the King – A Proclamation"|p=3647}} Since 1949, the monarch has instead been the ceremonial Head of the Commonwealth.{{Sfn|The Commonwealth: "About Us"|}} The monarch also holds all titles that have been merged into the Crown, such as Duke of Lancaster, which has been a secondary title of the monarch since 1399,{{Sfn|Duchy of Lancaster: "HM The King, Duke of Lancaster"|}} and Duke of Normandy, which has been a secondary title of the monarch since 1106.{{Sfn|The Royal Household (2018): "Crown Dependencies"|}}

==List== {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders sticky-header-multi" style="text-align: center;" |+British monarchs since 1 May 1707 ! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" class="unsortable" | Monarch ! colspan="3" scope="colgroup" class="unsortable" | Life ! colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="unsortable" | Reign{{efn|Old Style and New Style dates are used in line with the calendar of the time; New Style is used from 1752 onward.|name="dates"}} ! scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |House ! scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}{{Efn|All information is sourced from the provided pages of Alison Weir's ''Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy'' unless other sources are referenced in a cell.}} |- ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Name ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Portrait ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Coat of arms ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Birth ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Spouse ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Death ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Accession ---- Coronation ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ended ---- Length |- | scope="row" | '''Anne''' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of Queen Anne in a long dress, holding the orb in her left hand and the sceptre in her right hand, leaning against her shoulder; she is also wearing the Tudor crown. |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. |6 February 1665 St James's Palace |{{Marriage|George of Denmark |28 July 1683 |28 October 1708 |}} |1 August 1714 Kensington Palace |1 May 1707{{Sfn|BBC History (2014): "Anne (1665–1714)"|}} ---- 23 April 1702{{Efn|Anne had been crowned on St George's Day (23 April), 1702 as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland; she was not coronated again after becoming Queen of Britain.{{Sfn|Curtis|1972|p=97}}}} |1 August 1714 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|1 May 1707|1 August 1714}}{{efn|Anne's entire reign (8 March 1702{{snd}}1 August 1714) —first as Queen of England; Scotland; and Ireland, and after the Acts of Union 1707 as Queen of Britain— lasted {{Age in years, months and days|8 March 1702|1 August 1714}}.}}}} |Stuart {{sfn|Weir|1996|p=269}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=267–269}} |- | scope="row" |'''George I''' ''George Louis'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George I in his coronation robes, holding the orb in his right hand and an unknown sword in his left hand. On the table to his right is the Imperial State Crown of George I. | rowspan="2" |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. The bottom right quadrant is its own coat of arms that is split into three equal sections with a crown in the centre. |28 May 1660 Osnabrück, Hanover |{{Marriage|Sophia Dorothea of Celle|21 November 1682|28 December 1694|end=divorced}} |11 June 1727 Osnabrück, Hanover |1 August 1714 ---- 20 October 1714 |11 June 1727 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|1 August 1714|11 June 1727}}}} | rowspan="7" |Hanover '''{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=270–272}}''' |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=274–276}} |- | scope="row" | '''George II''' ''George Augustus'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George II in his coronation robes, holding the sceptre in his right hand. On the table to his right is the Imperial State Crown of George I. |30 October 1683 Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover |{{Marriage|Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach |22 August 1705 |20 November 1737 |end=died}} |25 October 1760 Kensington Palace |11 June 1727 ---- 11 October 1727 |25 October 1760 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|22 June 1727|25 October 1760}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=277–285}} |- | scope="row" |'''George III''' ''George William Frederick'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George III in his coronation robes. On the table to his left is the Imperial State Crown of George I, which his left hand is leaning on. |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. There is a second smaller shield in the centre of the four quadrants, which itself contains three sections and a crown in the centre, as well as a crown on top of the inner shield.{{Clear}} (1801–1816){{Efn|For his coat of arms before 1801 and after 1816, see the above and below entries in the column}} |24 May 1738 Norfolk House |{{Marriage|Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|8 September 1761|17 November 1818|end=died}} |29 January 1820 Windsor Castle |25 October 1760 ---- 22 September 1761{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "George III"|}} |29 January 1820 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|25 October 1760|29 January 1820}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=285–286, 299}} |- | rowspan="2" scope="row" |'''George IV''' ''George Augustus Frederick'' | rowspan="2" |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George I in his coronation robes. On the table to his right is the Imperial State Crown of George I. | rowspan="3" |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. There is a second smaller shield in the centre of the four quadrants, which itself contains three sections and a crown in the centre, as well as a crown on top of the inner shield. | rowspan="2" |12 August 1762 St James's Palace |Maria Fitzherbert (married illegally 1785; died 1837){{Efn|George's attempted marriage to Maria Fitzherbert was not a legal marriage under the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Royal Marriages Act 1772, and therefore it was considered void.{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=301}}}} | rowspan="2" |26 June 1830 Windsor Castle | rowspan="2" |29 January 1820 ---- 19 July 1821 | rowspan="2" |26 June 1830 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|29 January 1820|26 June 1830}}}} | rowspan="2" |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=301–302}} |- |{{Marriage|Caroline of Brunswick|8 April 1795|August 1821|end=died}} |- | scope="row" | '''William IV''' ''William Henry'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of William IV in his coronation robes. On the table to his left is the Crown of St Edward. |21 August 1765 Buckingham House |{{Marriage|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|11 July 1818|June 1837}} |20 June 1837 Windsor Castle |26 June 1830 ---- 8 September 1831 |20 June 1837 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|26 June 1830|20 June 1837}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=303, 305}} |- | scope="row" | '''Victoria''' ''Alexandrina Victoria'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of Queen Victoria sitting on a chair in a long coronation dress covering the chair and part of the floor. On a table behind her is the Imperial State Crown, and she is wearing an encrusted tiara. | rowspan="5" |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. |24 May 1819 Kensington Palace |Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1840; died 1861) |22 January 1901 Osborne House |20 June 1837 ---- 28 June 1838 |22 January 1901 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|20 June 1837|22 January 1901}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=305–306, 315}} |- | scope="row" | '''Edward VII''' ''Albert Edward'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of Edward VII in his coronation robes and holding the sceptre in his right hand, the bottom of which is leaning on a table to his right. Sitting on that table is also the Imperial State Crown. |9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace |Alexandra of Denmark ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1863–1910) |6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace |22 January 1901 ---- 9 August 1902 |6 May 1910 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|22 January 1901|6 May 1910}}}} |Saxe-Coburg and Gotha{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=317}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=319, 321}} |- | scope="row" |'''George V''' ''George Frederick Ernest Albert'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George V in his coronation robes, and holding a sword in his left hand. On a table to his left is the Imperial State Crown and the Orb. |3 June 1865 Marlborough House |Mary of Teck ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1893–1936) |20 January 1936 Sandringham House |6 May 1910 ---- 22 June 1911 |20 January 1936 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|6 May 1910|20 January 1936}}}} |Saxe-Coburg and Gotha{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=317}} ---- Windsor{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=317}}{{Efn|George V changed the name of the British royal house from 'Saxe-Coburg and Gotha' to 'Windsor' on 17 July 1917 because of anti-German sentiment caused by World War I. The change was designed to abandon any reference to the royal family's German descent, and replace it with 'Windsor' after the castle of the same name.{{sfn|Tomlinson (2017): "A New Name – Windsor"}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=322, 326}} |- | scope="row" |'''Edward VIII''' ''Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David'' | frameless|upright=0.7 |23 June 1894 White Lodge |Wallis Simpson ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1937–1972) |28 May 1972 Villa Windsor{{Sfn|Ziegler|1991|pp=245, 556–557}} |20 January 1936 ---- —{{Efn|Edward VIII abdicated before his coronation.{{Sfn|Weir|1996|p=328}} }} |11 December 1936{{efn|The instrument of abdication was signed on 10 December, and given legislative form by His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 the following day. The parliament of the Union of South Africa retroactively approved the abdication with effect from 10 December, and the Irish Free State recognised the abdication on 12 December.{{Sfn|Heard|1990}} }} ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|20 January 1936|11 December 1936}}}} | rowspan="5" |Windsor{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=317}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=327–328}} |- | scope="row" |'''George VI''' ''Albert Frederick Arthur George'' |frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of George VI in purple coronation robes and holding the sceptre in his right hand. He is facing slightly rightwards, and away from the table to his left that holds the Imperial State Crown. |14 December 1895 York Cottage |Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1923–1952) |6 February 1952 Sandringham House |11 December 1936 ---- 12 May 1937 |6 February 1952 ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|11 December 1936|6 February 1952}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|pp=329–330}} |- | scope="row" | '''Elizabeth II''' ''Elizabeth Alexandra Mary'' | frameless|upright=0.7|alt=An oil portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in a white dress and her coronation robes, which flow over a chair on her left which is engraved EɪɪR. Her right hand is touching the sceptre, which is resting on a table in front of the Imperial State Crown. | rowspan="3" |frameless|upright=0.25|alt=A coat of arms that comprises a shield in four quadrants. | 21 April 1926 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair | Philip of Greece and Denmark ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1947; died 2021){{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Elizabeth II"|}} | 8 September 2022 Balmoral Castle{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Elizabeth II"|}} | 6 February 1952 ---- 2 June 1953 | 8 September 2022{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Elizabeth II"|}} ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|6 February 1952|8 September 2022}}}} |{{sfn|Weir|1996|p=331}} |- | rowspan="2" scope="row" |'''Charles III''' ''Charles Philip Arthur George'' | rowspan="2" |frameless|upright=0.7|alt= | rowspan="2" |14 November 1948 Buckingham Palace{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Charles III"|}} |Diana Spencer ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 1981; {{Abbr|div.|divorced}} 1996){{Sfn|BBC News (2004): "Timeline: Diana, Princess of Wales"|}} | rowspan="2" |— | rowspan="2" |8 September 2022{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Charles III"|}} ---- 6 May 2023{{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Charles III"|}} | rowspan="2" |— ---- {{small|{{Age in years, months and days|8 September 2022}}}}{{efn|From 8 September 2022 until now.}} | rowspan="2" |— |- |Camilla Parker Bowles ({{Abbr|m.|married}} 2005){{Sfn|Westminster Abbey: "Charles III"|}} |}

==Timeline== The timeline of each British monarch's reign: {{Legend|#F55D42|House of Stuart}} {{Legend|#F7C000|House of Hanover}} {{Legend|#219C31|House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{Legend|#8A2Eb8|House of Windsor}}

{{Horizontal timeline

|from=1700 |to=2099 |inc=25

|styleStuarts-boxcolour=#F55D42 |styleStuarts-border=none;border:1px solid #000000

|styleHanovers-boxcolour=#F7C000 |styleHanovers-border=none;border:1px solid #000000

|styleSaxeCoburgs-boxcolour=#219C31 |styleSaxeCoburgs-border=none;border:1px solid #000000

|styleWindsors-boxcolour=#8A2EB8 |styleWindsors-border=none;border:1px solid #000000

|row14=scale |caption=Monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, 1707–2026 }} </div>

==Notes==

=== Footnotes === {{notelist}}

=== Citations === {{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===

==== Web sources ==== {{Refbegin|25em|indent=yes}} * {{Cite web |title=Union of the Crowns|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/union-of-the-crowns/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025220126/http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/union-of-the-crowns/|archive-date=25 October 2022|access-date=23 August 2025|website=UK Parliament|ref={{sfnRef|UK Parliament: "Union of the Crowns"}}}} * {{Cite web |title=Key Dates|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/key-dates/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829081722/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/key-dates/|archive-date=29 August 2025|access-date=23 August 2025|website=UK Parliament|ref={{sfnRef|UK Parliament: "Key Dates"}}}} * {{Cite web |last=|first=|title=Queen Anne|url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/queen-anne/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619162458/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/queen-anne|archive-date=19 June 2025|access-date=23 August 2025|website=Westminster Abbey|ref={{sfnRef|Westminster Abbey: "Queen Anne"}}}} * {{Cite web |title=Elizabeth II|url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/elizabeth-ii/|access-date=2025-08-23|website=Westminster Abbey|language=en-GB|archive-date=10 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810002957/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/elizabeth-ii|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|Westminster Abbey: "Elizabeth II"}}}} * {{Cite web |title=About us|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/about-us|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910080412/https://thecommonwealth.org/about-us|archive-date=10 September 2022|access-date=10 September 2022|website=The Commonwealth|ref={{sfnRef|The Commonwealth: "About Us"}}}} * {{Cite web |title=HM The King, Duke of Lancaster |url=https://www.duchyoflancaster.co.uk/about-the-duchy/our-people/duke-chancellor-and-the-officers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260131132528/https://www.duchyoflancaster.co.uk/about-the-duchy-of-lancaster/his-majesty-the-king-duke-of-lancaster/ |archive-date=31 January 2026 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=Duchy of Lancaster |ref={{sfnRef|Duchy of Lancaster: "HM The King, Duke of Lancaster"}}}} * {{cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Crown Dependencies |url=https://www.royal.uk/crown-dependencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711004012/https://www.royal.uk/crown-dependencies |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Royal Household |ref={{sfnRef|The Royal Household (2018): "Crown Dependencies"}}}} * {{Cite web |date=2014|title=Anne (1665–1714)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne.shtml|access-date=23 August 2025|website=BBC History|language=en-GB|archive-date=4 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804195226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/anne.shtml|url-status=live|ref={{sfnRef|BBC History (2014): "Anne (1665–1714)"}}}} * {{Cite web |last= |first= |title=George III |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/george-iii/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719061051/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/george-iii |archive-date=19 July 2025 |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Westminster Abbey |language=en-GB |ref={{sfnRef|Westminster Abbey: "George III"}}}} * {{Cite web |last=|first=|title=Charles III|url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/charles-iii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719043438/https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/charles-iii|archive-date=19 July 2025|access-date=2025-08-23|website=Westminster Abbey|language=en-GB|ref={{sfnRef|Westminster Abbey: "Charles III"}}}} {{Refend}}

==== News sources ==== {{Refbegin|25em|indent=yes}} * {{Cite web |last=Jones|first=Neil|title=Queen Anne and the Union of England and Scotland|url=https://www.discoverbritain.com/history/icons/queen-anne/|access-date=23 August 2025|website=Discover Britain|archive-date=30 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830124422/https://www.discoverbritain.com/history/icons/queen-anne/|url-status=live|date=16 January 2026|ref={{sfnRef|Jones (2026): "Queen Anne and the Union of England and Scotland". }}}} * {{Cite news |date=31 July 2014|title=Scotland's Constitutional Crisis Three-Hundred Years Ago|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-28591613|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825162539/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-28591613|archive-date=25 August 2025|access-date=23 August 2025|work=BBC News|ref={{sfnRef|BBC News (2014): "Scotland's Constitutional Crisis Three-Hundred Years Ago"}}}} * {{London Gazette |issue=38330|date=22 June 1948|ref={{sfnRef|London Gazette (1948): "By the King – A Proclamation"}}|title=By the King – A Proclamation|p=3647}} * {{Cite web |last=Tomlinson |first=Georgina |date=6 July 2017 |title=A New Name – Windsor |url=https://www.postalmuseum.org/blog/new-name-windsor/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |website=The Postal Museum |language=en-GB|ref={{sfnRef|Tomlinson (2017): "A New Name – Windsor"}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251101185115/https://www.postalmuseum.org/blog/new-name-windsor/|archive-date=1 November 2025|url-status=live}} * {{cite news |date=5 July 2004 |title=Timeline: Diana, Princess of Wales |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3868403.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208110008/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3868403.stm |archive-date=8 December 2008 |access-date=13 October 2008 |work=BBC News |ref={{sfnRef|BBC News (2004): "Timeline: Diana, Princess of Wales"}}}} {{Refend}}

==== Book sources ==== {{Refbegin|25em|indent=yes}} * {{Cite book |last=Croft |first=Pauline |author-link=Pauline Croft |url=https://archive.org/details/kingjames00crof |title=King James |date=2003 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-3336-1395-5 |place= |url-access=limited |via=Internet Archive}} * {{Cite book |last=Willson |first=David Harris |url=https://archive.org/details/kingjamesvii00will |title=King James VI & I |date=1963 |oclc=1035905077 |orig-date=1956 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |place= |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn= |author-link=David Harris Willson}} * {{Cite book |last=Green |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/queenanne16651710000davi/page/404/mode/2up |title=Queen Anne |date=1970 |place= |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-0021-1693-6}} * {{cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |author-link=Alison Weir (historian) |url=https://archive.org/details/britainssroyalfa0000weir/mode/2up |title=Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy |publisher=Random House |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-7126-7448-5 |edition=Pimlico |orig-date=1989 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} * {{Cite book |last=Ziegler |first=Philip |author-link=Philip Ziegler |url=https://archive.org/details/kingedwardviiiof0000zieg |title=King Edward VIII: The Official Biography. |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=1991 |isbn=0-394-57730-2 |location= |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} * {{Cite book |last=Curtis |first=Gila |url=https://archive.org/details/lifetimesofqueen0000gila/mode/2up |title=The Life and Times of Queen Anne |date=1972 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-2979-9571-5 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} * {{Cite book |last=Packard |first=Jerrold M. |url=https://archive.org/details/victoriasdaughte0000pack/page/n405/mode/2up |title=Victoria's Daughters |date=1998 |place= |url-access=subscription |via=Internet Archive |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=0-312-24496-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Knight |first=L. A. |date=1968 |title=The Royal Titles Act and India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638165 |journal=The Historical Journal |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=XI |issue=3 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X00001667 |jstor= |url-access=subscription |via=JSTOR}} * {{Cite web |last=Heard |first=Andrew |year=1990 |title=Canadian Independence |url=https://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/324/Independence.html |access-date=6 May 2009 |publisher=Simon Fraser University |place= |archive-date=21 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221150147/http://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/324/Independence.html |url-status=live}} {{Refend}}

== External links == * {{Cite web |title=Kings and Queens from 1066 |url=https://www.royal.uk/kings-and-queens-1066 |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=UK Royal Family |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231004812/https://www.royal.uk/kings-and-queens-1066 |archive-date=31 December 2025 |url-status=live}} * {{Commons category-inline|British monarchs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:British Monarchs}} * * British * Category:Monarchs of Great Britain Category:Monarchs of the United Kingdom