{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Brickelliacalifornica.jpg |image_caption = ''[[Brickellia californica]]'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Brickellia |authority = [[Stephen Elliott (botanist)|Elliott]] 1823, conserved name not Raf. 1808 ([[Polemoniaceae]])<ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?name=Brickellia&commonname= Tropicos search for ''Brickellia'']</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = About 100-110, see text }}
'''''Brickellia''''' is a [[North America]]n [[genus]] of about 100<ref name="fna">{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104617 | title = ''Brickellia'' | work = [[Flora of North America]]}}</ref> to 110<ref>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=351 ''Brickellia''.] The Jepson eFlora 2013.</ref> species of [[plant]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]], known commonly as '''brickellbushes'''. They are found in [[Canada]], the [[United States]], [[Mexico]], and [[Central America]].<ref name="fna"/> Many [[species]] are native to the American southwest, especially [[Texas]]. ''Brickellia'' is among the more [[basal (biology)|basal]] lineages of the [[Eupatorieae]] and should not be assigned to a [[subtribe]] pending further research.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schmidt | first1 = G. J. | last2 = Schilling | first2 = E. E. | year = 2000 | title = Phylogeny and biogeography of ''Eupatorium'' (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/87/5/716.pdf | format = PDF | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am. J. Bot.]] | volume = 87 | issue = 5| pages = 716–26 | doi = 10.2307/2656858 | pmid = 10811796 }}</ref>
They are mostly woody [[perennial]] [[shrub]]s. Some species have a very strong pleasant scent, while others smell distasteful. All contain high amounts of [[essential oil]]s. [[germacrene|Germacrene D]], a natural [[insecticide]], is found in ''[[Brickellia veronicifolia|B. veronicifolia]]'' and probably other species, if not all.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rivero-Cruz | first1 = B. | display-authors = etal | year = 2006 | title = Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active components of the essential oil from ''Brickellia veronicaefolia'' by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | url = | journal = Journal of Natural Products | volume = 69 | issue = 8| pages = 1172–76 | pmid = 16933870 | doi = 10.1021/np060180b }}</ref>
Despite their chemical defenses, brickellbushes are food for [[caterpillar]]s of certain [[Lepidoptera]]. These include the [[noctuidae|noctuid moths]] ''[[Schinia trifascia]]'', ''[[Schinia oleagina]]'', which is known only from ''Brickellia'', ''[[Schinia buta]]'', which is only known from ''[[Brickellia californica|B. californica]]'', and ''[[Schinia gracilenta]]'', which is only known from ''[[Brickellia eupatorioides|B. eupatorioides]]''.
The genus is named for John Brickell, 1748–1809, Irish-born physician and naturalist.<ref name="fna"/>
== Classification == The genera ''[[Brickelliastrum]]'' (United States and Mexico), ''[[Asanthus]]'' (United States and Mexico), ''Dyscritogyne'' (Mexico), and ''[[Steviopsis]]'' have been separated from ''Brickellia'' by many 20th century authors (and all four combined into ''Steviopsis'' by some). Their correct placement is still debated,<ref name="fna-brickelliastrum">{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104618 | title = ''Brickelliastrum'' | work = [[Flora of North America]] }}</ref> but [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] analysis has provided evidence that ''Brickelliastrum'', ''Asanthus'', and ''Steviopsis'' (including ''Dyscritogyne'', which is not distinct from ''Steviopsis'') represent distinct lineages, and should be recognized as separate from ''Brickellia'', while ''[Kuhnia]'', ''[Barroetea]'' and ''[Phanerostylis]'' should be treated as synonyms.<ref name=schi>{{cite journal | last1 = Schilling | first1 = E. E. | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = Relationships of ''Asanthus'' (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) | url = http://www.bio.utk.edu/schilling/Danielweb/Asanthus_SystBot_2013.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Systematic Botany | volume = 38 | issue = 1| pages = 253–58 }}</ref><ref>Schilling, E. E., et al. (2015). Bricklebush (Brickellia) phylogeny reveals dimensions of the great Asteraceae radiation in Mexico. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 85, Pages 161–170. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315000378]</ref>
;Species<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Brickellia The Plant List search for ''Brickellia'']</ref><ref>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=36859 ''Brickellia''.] ITIS.</ref><ref name=r>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=104617 ''Brickellia'' species records.] Flora of North America.</ref><ref>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1707 GRIN Species Records of ''Brickellia''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120103102/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1707 |date=2009-01-20 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref> [[File:Brickellia longifolia var longifolia 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Brickellia longifolia]]'' in Nevada]] [[File:Brickellia eupatorioides var corymbulosa.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Brickellia eupatorioides]]'']] [[File:Brickellia atractyloides 7.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Brickellia atractyloides]]'']] {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em| * ''[[Brickellia adenolepis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia ambigens]]'' * ''[[Brickellia amplexicaulis]]'' – earleaf brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia aramberrana]]'' * ''[[Brickellia arguta]]'' – pungent brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia argyrolepis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia atractyloides]]'' – spearleaf brickellbush, hollyleaf brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia baccharidea]]'' – resinleaf brickellbush, baccharisleaf brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia betonicifolia]]'' – betonyleaf brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia botterii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia brachyphylla]]'' – plumed brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia brandegei]]'' * ''[[Brickellia californica]]'' – California brickellbush, Jepson's brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia cardiophylla]]'' * ''[[Brickellia cavanillesii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia chenopodina]]'' * ''[[Brickellia chlorolepis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia coixtlahuaca]]''<ref name=turner>Turner, B. L. (2010). [http://www.phytologia.org/Phytologia%20PDFs/92%281%29pdfFiles/92%281%2915-19Turner2NewBrickelliaSpecies.pdf Two new species of ''Brickellia'' (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) from Oaxaca, Mexico.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727174336/http://www.phytologia.org/Phytologia%20PDFs/92%281%29pdfFiles/92%281%2915-19Turner2NewBrickelliaSpecies.pdf |date=July 27, 2011 }} ''Phytologia'' 92:1 15.</ref> * ''[[Brickellia conduplicata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia cordifolia]]'' – Flyr's nemesis * ''[[Brickellia corymbosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia coulteri]]'' * ''[[Brickellia cuspidata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia cylindracea]]'' – gravelbar brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia dentata]]'' – leafy brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia desertorum]]'' * ''[[Brickellia diffusa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia eupatorioides]]'' – false boneset * ''[[Brickellia extranea]]'' * ''[[Brickellia filipes]]'' * ''[[Brickellia floribunda]]'' – Chihuahuan brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia frutescens]]'' – shrubby brickellbush, rigid brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia gentryi]]'' * ''[[Brickellia glabrata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia glandulosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia glomerata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia glutinosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia grandiflora]]'' – tassel-flowered brickellbush, mountain brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia greenei]]'' * ''[[Brickellia hastata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia hebecarpa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia hinckleyi]]'' * ''[[Brickellia huahuapana]]''<ref name=turner/> * ''[[Brickellia hymenochlaena]]'' * ''[[Brickellia incana]]'' – woolly brickellbush, white brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia jaliscensis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia jimenezii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia kellermanii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia knappiana]]'' * ''[[Brickellia laccata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia laciniata]]'' – splitleaf brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia lanata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia lancifolia]]'' * ''[[Brickellia laxiflora]]'' * ''[[Brickellia lemmonii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia leonensis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia leptophylla]]'' * ''[[Brickellia lewisii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia longifolia]]'' * ''[[Brickellia macromera]]'' * ''[[Brickellia magnifica]]'' * ''[[Brickellia mcdonaldii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia megaphylla]]'' * ''[[Brickellia microphylla]]'' * ''[[Brickellia monocephala]]'' * ''[[Brickellia mosieri]]'' * ''[[Brickellia multiflora]]'' * ''[[Brickellia nelsonii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia nevinii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia nutanticeps]]'' * ''[[Brickellia oblongifolia]]'' – Mojave brickellbush, narrow-leaved brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia odontophylla]]'' * ''[[Brickellia oligadena]]'' * ''[[Brickellia oliganthes]]'' * ''[[Brickellia oreithales]]'' * ''[[Brickellia orizabaensis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia palmeri]]'' * ''[[Brickellia paniculata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia parryi]]'' * ''[[Brickellia parvula]]'' – Mt. Davis brickellbush, small brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia paucidentata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia pavonii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia pendula]]'' * ''[[Brickellia peninsularis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia pringlei]]'' * ''[[Brickellia problematica]]'' * ''[[Brickellia reticulata]]'' * ''[[Brickellia rhomboidea]]'' * ''[[Brickellia robinsoniana]]'' * ''[[Brickellia rusbyi]]'' – stinking brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia scabra]]'' * ''[[Brickellia schaffneri]]'' * ''[[Brickellia scoparia]]'' * ''[[Brickellia secundiflora]]'' * ''[[Brickellia seemannii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia simplex]]'' – Sonoran brickellbush * ''[[Brickellia sonorana]]'' * ''[[Brickellia spinulosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia stolonifera]]'' * ''[[Brickellia subsessilis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia subuligera]]'' * ''[[Brickellia tomentella]]'' * ''[[Brickellia urolepis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia venosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia verbenacea]]'' * ''[[Brickellia vernicosa]]'' * ''[[Brickellia veronicifolia]]'' * ''[[Brickellia viejensis]]'' * ''[[Brickellia villarealii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia vollmeri]]'' * ''[[Brickellia watsonii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia wendtii]]'' * ''[[Brickellia wislizeni]]'' * ''[[Brickellia worthingtonii]]'' }}
==References== {{Reflist|26em}}
==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Brickellia}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4965994}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Brickellia| ]] [[Category:Flora of Central America]] [[Category:Flora of Northern America]] [[Category:Asteraceae genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Stephen Elliott]]