{{short description|Megalithic site remnant in Rathfarnham, County Dublin}} {{use Hiberno-English|date=March 2020}} {{use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} thumb|200px|right|Brehon's Chair
'''Brehon's Chair''', sometimes '''Druid's Chair''', is a megalithic site, and national monument, in Whitechurch, Rathfarnham, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, County Dublin, Ireland.
==Etymology== The name ''Brehon's Chair'' refers to a Victorian idea that the monument was a seat of judgement used by a Brehon (an Anglicisation of ''breitheamh'' (earlier ''brithem''), the Irish word for a judge) to administer the Brehon Laws that governed everyday life and politics in Ireland, until the Norman invasion of 1171 and in places until much later. The laws were written in the Old Irish period (ca. 600 – 900 AD) and probably reflect the traditional laws of pre-Christian Ireland. These secular laws continued to exist in parallel with, and sometimes in conflict with, Canon law, throughout the early Christian period. ''Druid's Chair'' reflects similar ideas with regard to a Celtic religious aspect. These ideas are not historically accurate, the monument actually dating from prehistoric times, between 500 and 2500 BCE.<ref name="CuriousIrl"/>
==Location== The monument is located in the townland of Taylorsgrange, and is sometimes known as the Taylor's Grange Dolmen. It is situated on a green within a gated housing development on the Kellystown Road,<ref name="IrlinRuins">{{cite web |title=The Brehon's Chair, Co. Dublin |url=http://irelandinruins.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-brehons-chair-co-dublin.html |website=Ireland in Ruins |accessdate=20 March 2020 |quote=... legends .. hat it was the seat of a "Brehon" or "Judge" from which judgements from the laws that governed Ireland in the period leading up to the Norman invasion ... would have originally been surrounded by the Glensouthwell demesne ...}}</ref> in southern Rathfarnham, overlooking Dublin's M50 orbital motorway. Beyond is College Road, and to the south is Danesmoate House and its residual demesne, owned by Adam Clayton of U2. The site is passed by the Little Dargle River, a tributary of the River Dodder.<ref name="Hse_est_1998">{{cite news |title=Trading up, trading down |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/trading-up-trading-down-1.208671 |accessdate=19 March 2020 |work=Irish Times |date=29 October 1998 |quote=...wooded estate of U2 musician Adam Clayton. ... it overlooks the route of the Southern Cross extension to the M50. ... name from the unusual Brehons Chair on the site, one of six Stone Age portal tombs .. northern flank of the Dublin mountains. The entrance to the site is across a newly built stone bridge over a river, off Kellystown Road.}}</ref><ref name="SiteDes_MMIrl">{{cite web |title=Taylor's Grange Portal Tomb / The Brehon's Chair |url=http://www.megalithicmonumentsofireland.com/COUNTIES/DUBLIN/TaylorsGrange_PortalTomb.html |website=Megalithic Monuments of Ireland |accessdate=19 March 2020 |quote=30m east of the Little Dargle River, a tributary of the River Dodder, on the northern slopes of Kilmashogue Mountain .. .The capstone is missing .. remains are the two portal stones and the door stone which are approx. 3m in height. ... 53 16’ 4.104”N…6 15’ 53.016”W}}</ref>
==Structure and history== The monument comprises three granite stones, now roughly in the shape of a chair. When the ground around the monument was excavated, flint tools were among the artefacts found there. As noted above, this stone structure is often mis-described as having been a chair, or a druidic site. However, excavation and study has found it to be what remains of a passage tomb, similar, on a small scale, to that of Newgrange and the other Boyne Valley monuments, and also other historical sites in the Dublin Mountains, such as at Mount Venus.<ref name="HeritageGuide57">{{cite journal |last1=Corlett |first1=Christiaan |title=The megalithic tombs of south Dublin |journal=Archaeology Ireland |date=June 2012 |volume=Supplement - Heritage Guide No. 57 |pages=2–3 |publisher=Wordwell Books |location=Dublin, Ireland |quote=At Taylor's Grange near Rathfarnham is a portal tomb known locally as the Brehon's Chair or Druid's Chair .. the capstone has long .. disappeared but the .. portal stones (2.35m and 2.7m high) and a door stone ...}}</ref> The two side or portal stones, {{convert|2.35|m|ft|abbr=on}} and {{convert|2.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} high, formed a basic door frame with the third, rear, stone being the door stone.<ref name="HeritageGuide57"/> There would probably have been a substantial cairn built up behind the major stones. When originally built, the tomb may once have been a place of spiritual and ceremonial, and possibly astrological, importance.<ref name="CuriousIrl">{{cite web |title=Brehon Law, A Druids’ table & An ancient passage tomb |url=https://curiousireland.ie/brehons-chair/ |website=Curious Ireland |accessdate=19 March 2020}}</ref>
The monument was within the demesne lands of Glynsouthwell or Glen Southwell, now known as Danesmoate House.<ref name="Wakeman_49">{{cite book |last1=Wakeman |first1=William Fredrick |title=Archaeologia Hibernica: A Handbook of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Christian |date=1891 |publisher=Hodges and Figgis |location=Dublin |page=49 |quote=A "Brehon's Chair," so called by Beranger, an artist and archaeologist .. latter half of the last century .. ... may be seen on the lands of Glensouthwell, near Hollypark, about three miles and a half from Rathfarnham}}</ref>
===Modern development=== Planning permission for 48 houses south of the monument site was granted in the 1980s, and under a newer permission, two groups of detached houses, within a gated compound, were built southwest and southeast of the monument in 1998.<ref name="Hse_est_1998"/> In connection with these explorations of housing potential, archaeological investigations were undertaken in the 1989/1990 season.<ref name="Dig8990">{{cite journal |journal=The Journal of Irish Archaeology |date=1990 |volume=5 |issue=Excavations Bulletin |title=Summary Account of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland (1989/90 issue)|page=66 |publisher=Wordwell |quote=Taylorsgrange - The Brehon's Chair (Portal-tomb environs)}}</ref> Following years of discussion and dispute, a final planning decision by An Bord Pleanála in 2018 allowed for the construction of 5 more houses some distance south of the monument, subject to a number of conditions. However, in 2021 the constructed development remains unoccupied and this 'final planning decision' has been superseded by a new planning application to Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County Council. The lands further south are barred to development, and all applications have avoided impinging on the monument's immediate vicinity, including the area between it and the motorway.<ref name="2018PlanningFile">{{cite web |title=Brehon's Chair planning file (ref. D017A/0530) |url=http://dms.dlrcoco.ie/Exe/ZyNET.exe |website=Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council |accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
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Category:Rathfarnham Category:Archaeological sites in County Dublin Category:Tombs in the Republic of Ireland