{{Short description|Italian painter}} {{Infobox artist | name = Bramantino | image = Bram0.5.jpg | alt = | caption = Bramantino, ''Adoration of the Magi'', National Gallery, London, c. 1500 | birth_name = Bartolomeo Suardi | birth_date = {{circa|lk=no|1456}} | birth_place = Milan | death_date = {{circa|lk=no|1530}} | death_place = | known_for = Painting, architecture | training = | movement = | notable_works = | patrons = | awards = }}
'''Bartolomeo Suardi''' ({{circa|lk=no|1456}} – {{circa|lk=no|1530}})<ref>Dates are very variable; these are from the Getty Union [http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Bramantino&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500005572 Artist Name List] but Freedberg has ca. 1465 for the birth</ref> was an Italian painter and architect, mainly active in his native Milan.
==Biography== He was born in Milan, the son of Alberto Suardi, but his biography remains unclear, and was long complicated by two "Pseudo-Bramantinos". He was trained by Donato Bramante, adopting a diminutive form of his master's name. This training gave him influences from by the Urbino quattrocento tradition of ''immobile realism'', and later he assimilated some elements of the style of Leonardo, after he arrived in Milan, although in other respects he remained faithful to his training in the style of Central Italy.
He is documented in late 1508 as helping in the decoration of the Vatican Stanze though nothing remains of his work there, and by 1509 he was back in Milan. His style changed considerably during his career, and also shows strongly individual traits. His main influences were the serene and sometimes unnatural quietist classicism of Piero della Francesca, Leonardo da Vinci, and Ercole de' Roberti, but his works also display a sometimes disquieting immobile expressiveness comparable only to the last of these three.
He acted as an architect and advisor on the reconstruction of the Duomo of Milan in the years before his death.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zuffi |first=Stefano |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm53441832 |title=The Renaissance: 1401-1610: the splendor of European art |last2=Hyams |first2=Jay |last3=Seppi |first3=Giorgio |last4=Pauli |first4=Tatjana |last5=Scardoni |first5=Sergio |date=2003 |publisher=Barnes & Noble Books |isbn=978-0-7607-4200-6 |location=New York |oclc=ocm53441832}}</ref>
==The "Pseudo-Bramantinos"== There is a mention of a ''Bramantino da Milano'' by Vasari in his biographies of Piero della Francesca, Il Garofalo, Girolamo da Carpi, and Jacopo Sansovino. The Bramantino of Vasari, if he existed at all, worked for Pope Nicholas V between 1450 and 1455.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Suardi, Bartolommeo |volume=25|pages=1060–1061}}</ref> If so, then he worked prior to the cited works of Bartolomeo Suardi.
An artist long known as the ''pseudo-Bramantino'' was active in Naples in the early 16th century;<ref>Quoted in Freedberg, p. 690, as perhaps being Pietro Sardi. This seems to have been dropped in later editions</ref> he is now usually identified as a Spaniard, called Pedro Fernández, Piero Francione, or various other names.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Bramantino&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500035452 |title=Getty Union Artist Name List |publisher=Getty.edu |access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref>
==Mature works== [[File:Bramantino2.jpg|thumb|right|Bramantino, ''Madonna and Child'', probably before 1508]]
In 1508 he was engaged in Rome. Donato Bramante taught Bramantino architecture, and the pupil assisted the master in the execution of the interior of the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan.
In painting, he executed a number portraits of celebrated personages for the Vatican. His earliest known works are a ''Nativity'' (1490s, Brera) and an ''Christus Dolens'' ({{Circa|1495}}, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.museothyssen.org/thyssen_ing/coleccion/buscador_resultados.jsp?autor=BRAMANTINO%20(Bartolomeo%20Suardi,%20llamado)&titulo= |title=BRAMANTINO (Bartolomeo Suardi, llamado) Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza (Paseo del Prado, 8, Madrid-España)<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606210830/http://www.museothyssen.org/thyssen_ing/coleccion/buscador_resultados.jsp?autor=BRAMANTINO%20(Bartolomeo%20Suardi,%20llamado)&titulo= |archive-date=2007-06-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> One of his best known works is somber ''Adoration of the Magi'' (1495–98),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wga.hu/html/b/bramanti/adorati.html |title=Adoration of the Magi by BRAMANTINO |publisher=Wga.hu |access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref> in the National Gallery of London. In addition to the impassive, emotion-dry classicism, and the symmetric ''geometric logic of purity,''<ref>Quoted in Freedberg, p. 387</ref> this figure is notable for the imaginative cut-away of the building revealing a fanciful mountain backdrop.
A ''Pietà'' fresco (c. 1505, now in Ambrosiana) is in fragmentary state.<ref>[http://www.ambrosiana.it/ita/pinacoteca_sala_dett.asp?pagina=2&sala=3 Biblioteca Ambrosiana] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514083712/http://www.ambrosiana.it/ita/pinacoteca_sala_dett.asp?pagina=2&sala=3 |date=May 14, 2006 }}</ref> Before 1508, he designed the tapestries of the Months for Gian Giacom Trivulzio (now in Castello Sforzesco). The ''Saint Michael Altar'' (or ''Enthroned Madonna and child with Saint Ambrogio and Saint Michael'') at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana,<ref>[http://www.ambrosiana.it/ita/pinacoteca_sala_dett.asp?pagina=3&sala=3 Biblioteca Ambrosiana] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514083724/http://www.ambrosiana.it/ita/pinacoteca_sala_dett.asp?pagina=3&sala=3 |date=May 14, 2006 }}</ref> notable for the foreshortened slain man (representing an Arian heretic") before a tough-looking Saint Ambrose and giant dead frog (symbolizing Satan) with Saint Michael in the foreground and impassive saints, dates to after 1510. Freedberg sees in this painting a Leonardo-based impulse to circumscribe the painting to a world where near-abstract rigorous geometry, characterized by "''looming silhouettes of imagined and unpeopled architecture, constructed with a rule and square, take increasing prominence.''" The figures, even when trying to betray emotion, appear vacant, distant, "automata" confined as pawns to a geometric exercise, something in common with Piero della Francesca's earlier works. Another masterpiece is the ''Brera Crucifixion'' (c. 1510–1520).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wga.hu/html/b/bramanti/crucifix.html |title=Crucifixion by BRAMANTINO |publisher=Wga.hu |access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref>
In 1525 Bramantino was appointed architect to the court by Duke Francis (II) Sforza, and his aid as an engineer in the defence of Milan brought him a multitude of rewards.<ref name="EB1911"/>
==See also== *''Adoration of the Christ Child'' (Bramantino), c. 1485 * ''Madonna del palazzo della Ragione'' c. 1509
==Notes== {{reflist|30em}}
==References== *{{cite book | first= Sydney J.| last= Freedberg| author-link= Sydney Joseph Freedberg| year=1993| title= Painting in Italy, 1500–1600| editor= Pelican History of Art| pages= 385–390| publisher= Penguin Books}}
==Further reading== *''Bramantino a Milano'', exhibition catalogue (at the Castello Sforzesco, Milan, 2012, eds. Giovanni Agosti, Jacopo Stoppa, Marco Tanzi
==External links== {{commons}} * [http://joelgarten.com/blog/?p=409 Bramantino 'Madonna and Child' on Joel Garten's blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201953/http://joelgarten.com/blog/?p=409 |date=2021-06-24 }} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/84801/rec/2 ''Leonardo da Vinci: anatomical drawings from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle''], exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Bramantino (see index)
{{Bramantino}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bramantino}} Category:1450s births Category:1530s deaths Category:15th-century Italian painters Category:Italian male painters Category:16th-century Italian painters Category:15th-century Italian architects Category:16th-century Italian architects Category:Architects from Milan Category:Italian Renaissance painters Category:Painters from Milan Category:Italian tapestry artists Category:Italian textile artists Category:Pseudonymous painters