{{short description|Turcoman tribal confederation}} '''Bozulus''', also spelled '''Boz-ulus''' or '''Boz Ulus''' ({{lit|grey nation}} in Turkish), is the name given by the Ottomans to a tribal nomadic confederation of predominantly Turcoman tribes that were located in the vicinity of Diyarbakır. These tribes were brought into the Ottoman Empire following the victory of sultan Selim I over the Safavids at the Battle of Chaldiran, as well as subsequent Ottoman campaigns in eastern Anatolia. By the 1520s, if not earlier, the Ottomans had established the Bozulus confederacy. Most of the tribes in the Bozulus stemmed from the Aq Qoyunlu confederacy.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Golden, Peter B. |title=Boz Ulus |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=3 |editor=Kate Fleet |editor2=Gudrun Krämer |editor3=Denis Matringe |editor4=John Nawas |editor5=Everett Rowson}}</ref>
In the first half of 17th century, the confederacy gradually dissolved, as a result of the political unrest and the insecurity caused by Iranian military incursions, which resulted with some groups breaking away from the main body and going to western Anatolia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels: Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir |author=Evliya Çelebi |translator=Martin van Bruinessen |pages=28–29|year=1988}}</ref>
== History == === Etymology === The word ''boz'' is found in almost all of the Turkic languages, and appears in Middle Mongol as ''boro''. ''Boz'' has two meanings, first "to break" and second "gray", specifically a color "between white and roan", light gray, ash-colored, light-ashen, whitish, off-white, skewbald, blue tending towards white, blue-gray, whitish red, etc. Its symbolic significance is not clear. ''Boz'' is used as color symbolism, in connection with a later Oghuz nomadic subdivisions such as ''Boz Oq'' or ''Boz Ulus''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Turkish Language, Literature, and History|author=Peter B. Golden (section)|editor=Bill Hickman, Gary Leiser|page=154|year=2016}}</ref> The {{lang|tr|Boz Ulus Kanunnamesi}} enacted in 1540 recognizes ethnic and social differences of the Muslim communities under the Ottoman rule, which characterizes the Turkmen nomadic tribes as ''Boz Ulus'' (grey nation) and the Kurdish nomadic tribes as ''Kara Ulus'' (black nation).<ref>{{cite book|title=Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law|author=Derya Bayir|year=2016|pages=30-31}}</ref>
=== Population === thumb|Distribution of Bozulus Turkmens in the 16th century In {{ca.}} 1474, the confederacy had 6,000 households (tents) with 29,000 persons, including 3,000 men, 15,000 women and 11,000 children. According to the Ottoman census dating 1540, the confederacy consisted of 4,994 households, which 4,568 were families, while 462 were ''mücerred'' (bachelors). Turkologist Mustafaev believes that the confederation was large as 23,000 people. Population of Bozulus in the 17th century is estimated to 60,000 people with more than 2 million sheep. Its seasonal migrations covered an area extending from Mardin to Persia and Georgia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century|year=2014|page=230|author=Dimitri Korobeĭnikov}}</ref>
In early 17th century some groups broke off from this confederacy went to western Anatolia and the Balkans, signaling the end of the confederacy in eastern Anatolia.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Moveable Empire: Ottoman Nomads, Migrants, and Refugees|year=2009|page=24|author=Resat Kasaba}}</ref> The confederacy started to come to the Karaman and Ankara regions and reached to the Kütahya and Aydın regions by the middle of the 17th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cengiz Orhonlu|title=Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Airetlerin İskânı|page=17|year=1987|publisher=Eren yayıncılık ve kitapçılık|language=tr}}</ref> A community of Bozulus had been settled in Kuşadası whereas some groups had been settled within the Aegean islands like Rhodes and Kos (''İstanköy'').<ref>{{cite book|author=Yususf Halaçoğlu|title=XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İskân Siyaseti ve Airetlerin Yerletirilmesi|publisher=TTK Yayınları|year=1988|page=26|language=tr}}</ref>
== References == {{reflist}}
Category:Oghuz tribes Category:Tribes of the Aq Qoyunlu