Boyle Heights, Los Angeles

{{Use American English|date=January 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |name=Boyle Heights |official_name= |native_name= |settlement_type=[[Neighborhoods in Los Angeles|Neighborhood of Los Angeles]]  | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Crossing 1st St. (15569188450) (cropped).jpg | photo1b = St. Mary Catholic Church, Los Angeles (cropped).JPG | photo2a = First Calvary Baptist Church, Los Angeles (cropped).JPG | photo2b = LAC+USCmedcenter (cropped).jpg | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 285 | foot_montage = Top: [[Mariachi Plaza]]; [[St. Mary's Catholic Church (Los Angeles)|St. Mary's Church]]; bottom: Calvary Church; [[LAC+USC Medical Center]]. }} |image_flag= |flag_size= |seal_size= |image_shield= |shield_size= |image_blank_emblem= |blank_emblem_type= |blank_emblem_size= |nickname= |motto=  |image_map=Map of Boyle Heights neighborhood, Los Angeles, California.jpg |mapsize= |map_caption=Boundaries of Boyle Heights<br/>as drawn by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' |pushpin_map=United States Los Angeles Central |pushpin_label_position=right |pushpin_mapsize=250 |pushpin_map_caption=Location within Los Angeles |coordinates = {{coord|34.03389|-118.20444|display=inline}}  |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[California]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]] |subdivision_type3 = [[City (California)|City]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Los Angeles]] |established_date=  |government_footnotes= |government_type= |leader_title=[[Los Angeles City Council|City Council]] |leader_name=[[Ysabel Jurado]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |leader_title1=[[California State Assembly|State Assembly]] |leader_name1=[[Miguel Santiago]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |total_type= |unit_pref= |area_footnotes= <ref name="Los Angeles Times Neighborhood Project">{{cite news|url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/|title=Los Angeles Times Neighborhood Project|access-date=2010-04-11|work=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316163714/http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/|archive-date=2010-03-16|url-status=live}}</ref> |area_magnitude= |area_total_sq_mi= 6.5 |area_land_sq_mi= |area_water_sq_mi= |area_water_percent=  |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m= |elevation_ft= |elevation_min_m= |elevation_min_ft=  |population_total=92785 |population_as_of=2000 |population_footnotes= <ref name="Los Angeles Times Neighborhood Project"/> |population_density_sq_mi=14262  |population_note= |postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]s |postal_code=90023, 90033, 90063 |area_codes = [[Area codes 213 and 323|213/323]] |website= |footnotes=    |image_sea= |leader_title2= [[California State Senate|State Senate]] |leader_name2=[[Maria Elena Durazo]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |leader_title3=[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]] |leader_name3=[[Jimmy Gomez]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |elevation_max_m= |elevation_max_ft= |timezone= |utc_offset= |timezone_DST= |utc_offset_DST= }}

'''Boyle Heights''' is a [[neighborhood]] in [[Los Angeles]], California, located east of the [[Los Angeles River]]. It is one of the city's most notable and historic [[Chicano]]/[[Mexican American]] communities, and is home to cultural landmarks like [[Mariachi Plaza]] and events like the annual [[Día de los Muertos]] celebrations.<ref>[[Los Angeles Times]] [https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-08-26/boyle-heights-problems-pride-and-promise Boyle Heights: Problems, Pride, and Promise]</ref>

==History== [[File:View of Los Angeles from the east. Brooklyn Hights in the foreground; Pacific Ocean and Santa Monica Mountains in the background. (pm000250) CROPPED.jpg|thumb|left|Plan of Boyle Heights in 1877.]] [[File:BoyleHotel (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|The [[Boyle Hotel – Cummings Block|Boyle Hotel]], built 1889.]] [[File:Exterior view of Santa Fe Railroad Hospital, across from Hollenbeck Park in Boyle Heights (CHS-5203) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Santa Fe Hospital in 1905 (modern day [[Linda Vista Community Hospital]]).]] Historically known as '''Paredón Blanco''' ([[Spanish language in California|Spanish]] for "White Bluff")<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kpcc.org/show/take-two/2013-03-14/neighborhoods-exploring-the-rich-history-and-culture-of-boyle-heights|title=Neighborhoods: Exploring the rich history and culture of Boyle Heights|website=KPCC - NPR News for Southern California - 89.3 FM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alldough.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/9/6/10969645/volume_1_page_1-36-08072014140957.pdf|title=Anacapa:A society Upon a Place and Time}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_City_Views%20(1800s)_6_of_8.html|title=Water and Power Associates}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanchez |first1=George J |title='What's Good for Boyle Heights Is Good for the Jews': Creating Multiculturalism on the Eastside during the 1950s |journal=American Quarterly |date=2004 |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=633–661 |id={{Project MUSE|172851}} |doi=10.1353/aq.2004.0042 |s2cid=144365105 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Sharing the History of Paredon Blanco and the López Family with Boyle Heights Community Partners |url=https://homesteadmuseum.blog/2021/03/14/sharing-the-history-of-paredon-blanco-and-the-lopez-family-with-boyle-heights-community-partners/ |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=The Homestead Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> during Mexican rule, what would become Boyle Heights became home to a small settlement of relocated [[Tongva]] refugees from the village of [[Yaanga]] in 1845.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Estrada|first=William David|title=The Los Angeles Plaza: Sacred and Contested Space|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2009|isbn=9780292782099|pages=56|quote=In June 1845 this last remnant of Yaanga was relocated across the Los Angeles River to present-day Boyle Heights. Following the United States' takeover of Los Angeles, Indians continued to cluster along the edge of the pueblo.}}</ref> The villagers were relocated to this new site known as Pueblito after being forcibly evicted from their previous location on the corner [[Alameda Street|Alameda]] and Commercial Street by [[Germany|German]] immigrant Juan Domingo (John Groningen), who paid Governor [[Pío Pico]] $200 for the land.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Susan L.|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/islandofthebluedolphins/upload/JCGBA_36-1_Morris-etal_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605213416/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/islandofthebluedolphins/upload/JCGBA_36-1_Morris-etal_final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 5, 2019|title=The Nicoleños in Los Angeles: Documenting the Fate of the Lone Woman's Community|last2=Johnson|first2=John R.|last3=Schwartz|first3=Steven J.|last4=Vellanoweth|first4=Rene L.|last5=Farris|first5=Glenn J.|last6=Schwebel|first6=Sara L.|publisher=Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology|year=2016|pages=94–97}}</ref>

On August 13, 1846, [[Robert F. Stockton|Commodore Stockton]]'s forces captured Los Angeles for the United States with no resistance.<ref name="history">Ríos-Bustamante, Antonio. ''Mexican Los Ángeles: A Narrative and Pictorial History'', Nuestra Historia Series, Monograph No. 1. (Encino: Floricanto Press, 1992), 50–53. {{OCLC|228665328}}.</ref> Under American rule, [[Indigenous peoples of California|the Indigenous]] were relocated, and the Pueblito site was razed to the ground in 1847.<ref name=":5"/> The destruction of Pueblito was reportedly approved by the [[Los Angeles City Council]] and largely displaced the final generation of the villagers, known as [[Yaanga]]vit, into the ''[[Calle de los Negros]]'' ("street of the dark ones") district.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|last=Kudler|first=Adrian Glick|date=27 April 2015|title=Finding Yaangna, the Ancestral Village of LA's Native People|url=https://la.curbed.com/2015/4/27/9966570/finding-yaangna-the-ancestral-village-of-las-native-people|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621020211/http://la.curbed.com/2015/4/27/9966570/finding-yaangna-the-ancestral-village-of-las-native-people|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 21, 2016|website=Los Angeles Curbed}}</ref>

The area was renamed for [[Boyle-Workman family#Andrew A. Boyle|Andrew Boyle]], an [[Irishman]] born in [[Ballinrobe]], who purchased {{convert|22| acres}} on the bluffs overlooking the [[Los Angeles River]] after fighting in the [[Mexican–American War]] for $4,000.<ref name="KPPC">{{cite web|url=http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2013/03/14/30909/exploring-new-neighborhoods-in-los-angeles/|title=Neighborhoods: Exploring the rich history and culture of Boyle Heights|first=Tess|last=Vigeland|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|department=Take Two|date=March 14, 2013|access-date=1 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032414/http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2013/03/14/30909/exploring-new-neighborhoods-in-los-angeles/|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" />Boyle established his home on the land in 1858. In the 1860s, he began growing grapes and sold the wine under the "Paredon Blanc" name.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morrison |first=Patt |date=November 1, 2022 |title=Long before citrus reigned in Southern California, L.A. made wine. Lots of it |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-11-01/la-winemaking-history-patt-morrison |access-date=2022-11-02 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> His son-in-law [[William H. Workman|William Workman]] served as early mayor and city councilman and also built early infrastructure for the area.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Los Angeles's Boyle Heights|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2005|isbn=9780738530154|location=Japanese American National Museum|pages=11}}</ref>

To the north of Boyle Heights was Brooklyn Heights, a subdivision in the hills on the eastern bank of the Los Angeles River that centered on Prospect Park.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/prospect-park-and-l-a-s-forgotten-borough-brooklyn-heights |title=Prospect Park and L.A.'s Forgotten Borough, Brooklyn Heights |work=KCET |first=Nathan |last=Masters |date=June 6, 2013}}</ref>

From 1889 through 1909 the city was divided into nine wards. In 1899 a motion was introduced at the Ninth Ward Development Association to use the name Boyle Heights to apply to all the highlands of the Ninth Ward, including Brooklyn Heights and Euclid Heights.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18990524.2.166 |title=What's in a Name? Ninth Ward Citizens Vote in Favor of Boyle Heights |work=[[Los Angeles Herald]] |date=24 May 1899 |access-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511171201/http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18990524.2.166 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[XLNT Foods]] had a factory making tamales here early in their history. The company started in 1894, when tamales were the most popular ethnic food in Los Angeles. The company is the oldest continuously operating Mexican food brand in the United States, and one of the oldest companies in Southern California.<ref name="LAT 2019-12-23">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-12-23/xlnt-tamales-long-beach-santa-fe-importers|title=The XLNT tamales go back 125 years, capturing nostalgia for Californians across the U.S.|last=Arellano|first=Gustavo|date=2019-12-23|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231044122/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-12-23/xlnt-tamales-long-beach-santa-fe-importers|archive-date=2019-12-31}}</ref> [[File:HollenbeckBH (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Mission Revival architecture|Mission Revival style]] Hollenbeck Palms in 1956.]]

In the early 1910s, Boyle Heights was one of the only communities that did not have restricted housing covenants that discriminated against Japanese and other people of color.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-22-la-me-boyle-heights22-2010feb22-story.html|title=Boyle Heights celebrates its ethnic diversity|last=Watanabe|first=Teresa|date=2010-02-22|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022191048/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-22-la-me-boyle-heights22-2010feb22-story.html|archive-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> The Japanese community of [[Little Tokyo, Los Angeles|Little Tokyo]] continued to grow and extended to the First Street Corridor into Boyle Heights in the early 1910s.<ref name="laconservancy">{{Cite web|url=https://www.laconservancy.org/japanese-american-heritage|title=Japanese American Heritage|website=The Los Angeles Conservancy|url-status=live|access-date=2019-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109111850/https://www.laconservancy.org/japanese-american-heritage|archive-date=2019-11-09}}</ref> Boyle Heights became Los Angeles’s largest residential communities of Japanese immigrants and Americans, apart from Little Tokyo. In the 1920s and 1930s, Boyle Heights became the center of significant churches, temples, and schools for the Japanese community. These include the Tenrikyo Junior Church of America, the Konko Church, and the Higashi Honganji Buddhist Temple; all designed by Yos Hirose. The Japanese Baptist Church was built by the Los Angeles City Baptist Missionary Society.<ref name="HISTORIC CONTEXT">{{Cite web|url=https://preservation.lacity.org/sites/default/files/SurveyLA_JapaneseAmericans_LosAngeles.pdf|title=LOS ANGELES CITYWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT Context: Japanese Americans in Los Angeles, 1869-1970|website=Survey LA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022180631/https://preservation.lacity.org/sites/default/files/SurveyLA_JapaneseAmericans_LosAngeles.pdf|archive-date=2019-10-22|access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref> A hospital, also designed by Hirose, opened in 1929 to serve the Japanese American community.<ref name=agrawal>{{citation |last=Agrawal |first=Nina |title=Japanese Hospital — symbol of defiance of racism — honored in Boyle Heights |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 4, 2020 |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-01-04/japanese-hospital-boyle-heights-landmark-dedication |access-date=April 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324114045/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-01-04/japanese-hospital-boyle-heights-landmark-dedication |archive-date=March 24, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kiosk (14087559131) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Mariachi Plaza]] ''kiosko'']] [[File:Malabar Branch Library, Los Angeles, California.JPG|thumb|right|[[Malabar Branch Library]], built in 1927 in a [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Eclectic style]].]] By the 1920s through the 1960s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kalin |first1=Betsy |title=East LA Interchange: A Documentary Exploration of Boyle Heights |journal=Kalfou |date=5 December 2017 |volume=4 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|2017375628}} |doi=10.15367/kf.v4i2.167 }}</ref> Boyle Heights was racially and ethnically diverse as a center of [[Jews in Los Angeles|Jewish]], [[History of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles|Mexican]] and [[History of the Japanese in Los Angeles|Japanese]] immigrant life in the early 20th century, and also hosted significant [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]], [[History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles|Armenian]], [[History of African Americans in Los Angeles|African-American]] and [[Russian American|Russian]] populations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rojas |first=Leslie Berestein |date=2023-10-05 |title=New Play Is Inspired By The Black Legacy In Boyle Heights That Few Even Know About |url=https://laist.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/new-play-is-inspired-by-the-black-legacy-in-boyle-heights-that-few-even-know-about |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=LAist |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-02-22/boyle-heights-spanish-language-newsstand-closing|title=Spanish-language newsstand, a 1940s Boyle Heights gem, braces for the end|last=Reyes-Velarde|first=Alejandra|date=2020-02-22|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|quote=...Boyle Heights went from a true polyglot melting pot of Mexican, Jewish, Italian, Eastern European, Japanese and other people to one of L.A.'s capitals of Mexican American culture.|access-date=2020-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222143243/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-02-22/boyle-heights-spanish-language-newsstand-closing|archive-date=2020-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cheng|first=Cheryl|date=May 25, 2021|title=New digital exhibit explores Jewish history in Boyle Heights|url=https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/boyle-heights-jewish-history-mapping-la-leve-center|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-26|website=UCLA|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525200442/https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/boyle-heights-jewish-history-mapping-la-leve-center |archive-date=2021-05-25 }}</ref> Bruce Phillips, a sociologist who tracked Jewish communities across the United States, said that Jewish families left Boyle Heights not because of racism, but instead because of banks [[redlining]] the neighborhood (denying home loans) and the construction of several freeways through the community.<ref name="BoyleDiverse"/>

In 1961, the construction of the [[East LA Interchange]] began. At 135 acres in size, the interchange is three times larger than the average highway system, even expanding at some points to 27 lanes in width.<ref name=Estrada2005>{{cite journal |last1=Estrada |first1=Gilbert |title=If You Build It, They Will Move: The Los Angeles Freeway System and the Displacement of Mexican East Los Angeles, 1944-1972 |journal=Southern California Quarterly |date=October 2005 |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=287–315 |doi=10.2307/41172272 |jstor=41172272 }}</ref> The interchange handles around 1.7 million vehicles daily and has produced one of the most traffic congested regions in the world as well as one of the most concentrated pockets of air pollution in America.<ref name=Estrada2005/> This resulted in the development of Boyle Heights, a multicultural, interethnic neighborhood in East Los Angeles whose celebration of cultural difference has made it a role model for democracy.<ref name=Estrada2005/>

In 2017, some residents were protesting [[gentrification]] of their neighborhood by the influx of new businesses,<ref>{{cite news |title=A community in flux: Will Boyle Heights be ruined by one coffee shop? |author=Ruben Vives |date=July 18, 2017 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-boyle-heights-gentrification-coffee-20170621-story.html |access-date=October 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009221422/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-boyle-heights-gentrification-coffee-20170621-story.html |archive-date=October 9, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> a theme found in the TV series ''[[Vida (TV series)|Vida]]'' and ''[[Gentefied]]'', both set in the neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-02-20/gentefied-netflix-boyle-heights-america-ferrera-review|title=No matter where you live, you'll relate to Netflix's L.A. gentrification comedy|last=Lloyd|first=Robert|date=2020-02-20|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221191342/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-02-20/gentefied-netflix-boyle-heights-america-ferrera-review|archive-date=2020-02-21|access-date=2020-02-22}}</ref>

==Demographics== As of the 2000 census, there were 92,785 people in the neighborhood, which was considered "not especially diverse" ethnically,<ref>[http://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/diversity/neighborhood/list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022182314/http://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/diversity/neighborhood/list/|date=2013-10-22}} Diversity "measures the probability that any two residents, chosen at random, would be of different ethnicities. If all residents are of the same ethnic group it's zero. If half are from one group and half from another it's .50." —''Los Angeles Times''</ref> with the racial composition of the neighborhood at 94.0% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]], 2.3% [[Asian-American|Asian]], 2.0% [[white people|White]] (non-Hispanic), 0.9% [[African American]], and 0.8% other races. The median household income was $33,235, low in comparison to the rest of the city. The neighborhood's population was also one of the youngest in the city, with a median age of just 25.<ref name="Los Angeles Times Neighborhood Project"/>

As of 2011, 95% of the community was Hispanic and Latino. The community had [[Mexican Americans]], Mexican immigrants, and Central American ethnic residents. Hector Tobar of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' said, "The diversity that exists in Boyle Heights today is exclusively Latino".<ref name="BoyleDiverse">Tobar, Hector. "[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-tobar-20111209,0,1817494.column?track=icymi A look back at the Boyle Heights melting pot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210184006/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-tobar-20111209,0,1817494.column?track=icymi |date=2011-12-10 }}." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. December 9, 2011. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.</ref>

'''Latino communities''' These were the ten [[cities]] or [[neighborhoods]] in Los Angeles County with the largest percentage of [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Latino residents]], according to the 2000 census:<ref>[http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/ethnicity/latino/neighborhood/list "Latino" Mapping L.A., ''Los Angeles Times'']</ref>

{{div col}} # [[East Los Angeles, California]], 96.7% # [[Maywood, California]], 96.4% # [[City Terrace, California]], 94.4% # [[Huntington Park, California]], 95.1% # [[Boyle Heights, Los Angeles]], 94.0% # [[Cudahy, California]], 93.8% # [[Bell Gardens, California]], 93.7% # [[Commerce, California]] 93.4% # [[Vernon, California]], 92.6% # [[South Gate, California]], 92.1% {{div col end}}

==Latino political influence== [[File:Casa del Mexicano in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles(15175907547) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|The Casa del Mexicano.]] The emergence of Latino politics in Boyle Heights influenced the diversity in the community. Boyle Heights was a predominantly Jewish community with "a vibrant, pre-World War II, [[Yiddish]]-speaking community, replete with small shops along Brooklyn Avenue, [[labor union|union]] halls, synagogues and hyperactive politics ... shaped by the enduring influence of the [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist]] and [[Communist Party USA|Communist]] parties"{{r|Burt 2008}} before Boyle Heights became predominantly associated with Mexicans/Mexican Americans. The rise of the socialist and communist parties increased the people's involvement in politics in the community because the "liberal-left exercised great influence in the immigrant community".{{r|Burt 2008|p=22-23}} Even with an ever-growing diversity in Boyle Heights, "Jews remained culturally and politically dominant after World War II".{{r|Burt 2008|p=22}}

Nevertheless, as the Jewish community was moving westward into new homes, the largest growing group, Latinos, was moving into Boyle Heights because to them this neighborhood was represented as upward mobility. With Jews and Latinos both in Boyle Heights, these men, part of the [[Jewish Community Relations Council]] (JCRC) — Louis Levy, Ben Solnit, Pinkhas Karl, Harry Sheer, and Julius Levitt — helped to empower the Latinos who either lived among the Jewish people or who worked together in the factories.

The combination of Jewish people and Latinos in Boyle Heights symbolized a tight unity between the two communities. The two groups helped to elect [[Edward R. Roybal]] to the City Council over Councilman Christensen; with the help from the [[Community Service Organization]] (CSO). In order for Roybal to win a landslide victory over Christensen, "the JCRC, with representation from business and labor leaders, associated with both Jewish left traditions, had become the prime financial benefactor to CSO .. labor historically backed incumbents ... [and] the Cold War struggle for the hearts and minds of minority workers also influenced the larger political dynamic".{{r|Burt 2008|p=26}} [[File:MunozJaime (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Chicano muralism]] in Boyle Heights.]] In the 1947 election, Edward Roybal lost, but Jewish community activist [[Saul Alinsky]] and the [[Industrial Areas Foundation]] (IAF) garnered support from Mexican Americans to bring Roybal to victory two years later 1949.<ref name="Bernstein 2011">The Community Service Organization (CSO) helped Roybal win the election and to increase the multi-racial involvement in Boyle Heights.</ref> (Bernstein, 243) When Roybal took office as city councilman in 1949, he experienced racism when trying to buy a home for his family. The real estate agent told him that he could not sell to Mexicans, and Roybal's first act as councilman was to protest racial discrimination and to create a community that represented inter-racial politics in Boyle Heights.<ref name="Bernstein 2011"/>(Bernstein, 224).

This Latino-Jewish relationship shaped politics in that when [[Antonio Villaraigosa]] became mayor of Los Angeles in 2005, "not only did he have ties to Boyle Heights, but he was elected by replicating the labor-based, multicultural coalition that Congressman Edward Roybal assembled in 1949 to become Los Angeles's first city council member of Latino heritage".{{r|Burt 2008|p=23}} Further, the Vladeck Center (named after Borukh Charney Vladeck) contributed to the community of Boyle Heights in a big way because it was not just a building, it was "a venue for a wide range of activities that promoted Jewish culture and politics".{{r|Burt 2008|p=22}}

==Government and infrastructure== [[File:Mariachi Plaza Station LACMTA.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mariachi Plaza (LACMTA station)|Mariachi Plaza station (2009)]], one of four [[Los Angeles Metro Rail]] stations in Boyle Heights.]] [[File:Evergreen Cemetery Boyle Heights (8505344341) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Evergreen Cemetery (Los Angeles)|Evergreen Cemetery]] chapel (2013).]] The [[Los Angeles County Department of Health Services]] operates the Central Health Center in [[Downtown Los Angeles]], serving Boyle Heights.<ref>"[http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/phn/docs/HealthCenter/central.pdf Central Health Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527190304/http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/phn/docs/HealthCenter/central.pdf |date=2010-05-27 }}." [[Los Angeles County Department of Health Services]]. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.</ref>

The [[United States Postal Service]]'s Boyle Heights Post Office is located at 2016 East 1st Street.<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120720193341/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/60863?p=4&s=CA&service_name=post_office&z=Los+Angeles Post Office Location - BOYLE HEIGHTS]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on December 7, 2008.</ref>

The Social Security Administration<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssa.gov/admin/error.htm|title=File Not Found - Social Security Administration|website=www.ssa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420191410/https://www.ssa.gov/admin/error.htm|archive-date=2019-04-20|url-status=live}}</ref> is located at 215 North Soto Street Los Angeles, CA 90033 1-800-772-1213

===Transportation=== Boyle Heights is home to four stations of the [[Los Angeles Metro Rail]], all served by the [[E Line (Los Angeles Metro)|E Line]]: *[[Pico/Aliso station]] *[[Mariachi Plaza station]] *[[Soto station]] *[[Indiana station (Los Angeles Metro)|Indiana station]]

==Education== [[File:Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School.jpg|thumb|right|[[Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School]], 2011]] [[File:Roosevelt High School, Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, California, USA.jpg|thumb|right|[[Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles, California)|Theodore Roosevelt High School]], 2016]] [[File:SalesianFieldView 314x314.jpg|thumb|right|[[Salesian High School (Los Angeles)|Bishop Mora Salesian High School]], 2006, a Catholic high school named after Bishop [[Francisco Mora y Borrell]]]] Just 5% of Boyle Heights residents aged 25 and older had earned a [[four-year degree]] by 2000, a low percentage for the city and the county. The percentage of residents in that age range who had not earned a [[high school diploma]] was high for the county.<ref name=MappingLABoyleHeights>{{Cite web |url=http://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/ |title="Boyle Heights," Mapping L.A., ''Los Angeles Times'' |access-date=2013-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023045208/http://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/ |archive-date=2013-10-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Public=== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140717091917/http://www.siatech.org/schools/california.php SIATech Boyle Heights Independent Study], Charter High School, 501 South Boyle Avenue * [http://exteraschools.org/ Extera Public School], Charter Elementary, 1942 E. 2nd Street and 2226 E. 3rd Street * [http://exteraschools.org/ Extera Public School #2], Charter Elementary, 1015 S. Lorena Street * [[Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School]], alternative, 1200 North Cornwell Street * [[Theodore Roosevelt High School (Los Angeles)|Theodore Roosevelt High School]], 456 South Mathews Street * Mendez High School 1200 Playa Del Sol * Animo [[Oscar De La Hoya]] Charter High School, 1114 South Lorena Street * Boyle Heights [[Continuation School]], 544 South Mathews Street* [[Central Juvenile Hall]], 1605 Eastlake Avenue * Hollenbeck Middle School, 2510 East Sixth Street * Robert Louis Stevenson Middle School, 725 South Indiana Street * KIPP Los Angeles College Preparatory, charter middle, 2810 Whittier Boulevard * Murchison Street Elementary School, 1501 Murchison Street * Evergreen Avenue Elementary School, 2730 Ganahl Street * Sheridan Street Elementary School, 416 North Cornwell Street * Malabar Street Elementary School, 3200 East Malabar Street * Breed Street Elementary School, 2226 East Third Street * First Street Elementary School, 2820 East First Street * Second Street Elementary School, 1942 East Second Street * Soto Street Elementary School, 1020 South Soto Street * Euclid Avenue Elementary School, 806 Euclid Avenue * Sunrise Elementary School, 2821 East Seventh Street * Utah Street Elementary School, 255 Gabriel Garcia Marquez Street * Bridge Street Elementary School, 605 North Boyle Avenue * [[Carmen Lomas Garza|Garza (Carmen Lomas)]] Primary Center, elementary, 2750 East Hostetter Street * Christopher Dena Elementary School, 1314 Dacotah Street * Learning Works Charter School, 1916 East First Street * Lorena Street Elementary School, 1015 South Lorena Street * PUENTE Learning Center, 501 South Boyle Avenue * East Los Angeles Occupational Center (Adult Education), 2100 Marengo Street<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eastlaservicearea.org/elaoc_general_info.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109213814/http://eastlaservicearea.org/elaoc_general_info.html|url-status=dead|title=Welcome to east LA service area|archivedate=November 9, 2014}}</ref> * Endeavor College Preparatory Charter School, 1263 S Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90023

===Private=== {{Div col}} * [[Salesian High School (Los Angeles)|Bishop Mora Salesian High School]], 960 South Soto Street * Santa Teresita Elementary School, 2646 Zonal Avenue * Assumption Elementary School, 3016 Winter Street * Saint Mary Catholic Elementary School, 416 South Saint Louis Street * Our Lady of Talpa, elementary, 411 South Evergreen Avenue * East Los Angeles Light and Life Christian School, 207 South Dacotah Street * Santa Isabel Elementary School, 2424 Whittier Boulevard * [[Dolores Mission, Los Angeles|Dolores Mission]] School, elementary, 170 South Gless Street * Cristo Viene Christian School, 3607 Whittier Boulevard * Resurrection, elementary, 3360 East Opal Street * White Memorial Adventist School, 1605 New Jersey Street * PUENTE Learning Center, 501 South Boyle Avenue {{Div col end}}

=== Existing === * [[Breed Street Shul]], which was declared a historic-cultural monument in 1988<ref>{{cite web|last=The City Project|title=Historic - Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing|url=http://www.cityprojectca.org/ourwork/documents/HCMDatabase090707.pdf|access-date=9 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725174706/http://www.cityprojectca.org/ourwork/documents/HCMDatabase090707.pdf|archive-date=25 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Self-Help Graphics and Art]], the first community-based organization in the country to create a free public celebration of [[Day of the Dead]] * [[Los Angeles County+USC Medical Center]]/[[Keck School of Medicine of USC]] * [[Los Angeles County Department of Coroner]] * [[Estrada Courts|Estrada Courts Murals]] * [[Evergreen Cemetery (Los Angeles)|Evergreen Cemetery]] * [[Hazard Park]] * [[Mariachi Plaza]] * [[Hollenbeck Park]] * [[Linda Vista Community Hospital]] (Now Hollenbeck Terrace Apartments, former Santa Fe Coast Lines Hospital) * [[Sears, Roebuck & Company Mail Order Building (Los Angeles, California)|Sears Building]], [[Olympic Boulevard (Los Angeles)|Olympic Boulevard]] and Soto St. * [[Los Angeles Public Library|Malabar Public Library]] * Lucha Underground Temple, where the television program ''[[Lucha Underground]]'' was taped.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Suarez|first1=Lucia|title=Mexican Lucha Libre gets American face time in new El Rey Network drama series|url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2014/10/29/mexican-lucha-libre-gets-american-face-time-in-new-el-rey-network-drama-series/|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203053325/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2014/10/29/mexican-lucha-libre-gets-american-face-time-in-new-el-rey-network-drama-series/|archive-date=3 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Lucha/> * [[St. Mary's Catholic Church (Los Angeles)|St. Mary's Catholic Church (4th and Chicago Streets)]]

=== Demolished === * [[Soto-Michigan Jewish Community Center]]<ref>{{cite magazine|date=2006-03-10 |title=Boyle Heights JCC |first=Tom |last=Tugend|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=15558.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103156/http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=15558.com |archive-date=2007-09-29 |magazine=Jewish Journal}}</ref> * [[Aliso Village]] * Sisters Orphan Home, operated by [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul]], 917 S. Boyle Ave. demolished due to earthquake damage and construction of freeway<ref>Spitzzeri, Paul R. (November 7, 2011) [http://boyleheightshistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/los-angeles-orphans-asylum.html "The Los Angeles Orphans' Asylum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224025528/http://boyleheightshistoryblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/los-angeles-orphans-asylum.html |date=2015-02-24 }} ''Boyle Heights History Blog''</ref>

==Notable people== [[File:Cinco_Puntos_Memorial.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Cinco Puntos Memorial]] honors Mexican-American/Chicano veterans of all wars.]]

===Politics=== {{div col}} * [[Sheldon Andelson]], first openly gay person to be appointed to the [[University of California Regents]] or any high position in state government<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-30-mn-21622-story.html |title=Andelson Dies of AIDS; Gay Regent, Activist |first=Kevin |last=Roderick |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=30 December 1987 |access-date=May 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204032634/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-12-30/news/mn-21622_1_gay-activist |archive-date=December 4, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Hal Bernson]], Los Angeles City Council member, 1979–2003<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-24-me-52016-story.html |title=Reward Offered in Sexual Assault Case |work=Los Angeles Times |first=Dade |last=Hayes |date=24 April 1997 |access-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404010116/http://articles.latimes.com/1997-04-24/local/me-52016_1_sexual-assault-case |archive-date=April 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Martin V. Biscailuz]], attorney and Common Council member, 1884–85<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5w1035kt/|title=Finding Aid of the Eugene Biscailuz scrapbooks 0216|website=www.oac.cdlib.org|access-date=2013-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618181902/http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5w1035kt/|archive-date=2013-06-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.badgehistory.com/biscailuz_bio.html |title=An Unofficial Guide to Los Angeles County Law Enforcement and Fire Department History Through Photos, Badges, and Patches |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811170318/http://www.badgehistory.com/biscailuz_bio.html |archive-date=2012-08-11 }}</ref> * [[Howard E. Dorsey]], City Council member, 1937<ref name=LibraryFile>[http://dbase1.lapl.org/webpics/calindex/documents/04/290299.pdf Los Angeles Public Library reference file] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021212927/http://dbase1.lapl.org/webpics/calindex/documents/04/290299.pdf |date=2013-10-21 }} This file was compiled in 1937 by [[Works Progress Administration]] worker Clare Wallace from an interview with Dorsey on June 23 of that year and from newspaper articles.</ref> * [[Oscar Macy]], county sheriff and member of the Board of Supervisors<ref>Now part of North Cummings Street.[http://ulwaf.com/LA-1900s/SpecialReports/Streets.html#Pacheco] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508013627/http://ulwaf.com/LA-1900s/SpecialReports/Streets.html |date=2013-05-08 }} Location of the Oscar Macy home [http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/?q=N+Cummings+St%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+90033%2C+USA&lat=34.0522674&lng=-118.2101945&g=Geocodify here] on ''Mapping L.A.''</ref> * [[Edward R. Roybal]], Democrat in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 30th District and later for the 25th District of California; member of the Los Angeles City Council<ref name=SouthlandMourns>{{cite news|url=http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/local&id=3575816|title=Southland Mourns Death of Edward Roybal |work=ABC-7 News|access-date=2019-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012031421/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=3575816|archive-date=2012-10-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Winfred J. Sanborn]], City Council member, 1925–29<ref name=Biography>Devin Carroll, Brian Carroll and Wayne Raymond, ''Winfred and Mamie Sanborn'' (privately printed)</ref> * [[Antonio Villaraigosa]], Mayor of Los Angeles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/12747/|title=L.A.'s Latino Mayor Welcomed as One of the Tribe|author=Rebecca Spence|publisher=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=2008-02-20|access-date=2009-06-03|ref=refForward|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715134456/http://www.forward.com/articles/12747/|archive-date=2009-07-15|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Zev Yaroslavsky]], Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, 3rd District<ref name=AliyahPerspectives>{{Cite news |url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/aliyah_perspectives_20030509/ |title=Aliyah Perspectives |work=Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles |date=May 9, 2003 |first=Amy |last=Klein|access-date=May 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911233610/http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/aliyah_perspectives_20030509/ |archive-date=September 11, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Sports=== {{div col}}

*[[Lillian Copeland]] (1904–1964), Olympic discus champion; set world records in discus, javelin, and shot put<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://homesteadmuseum.blog/2020/05/21/games-people-play-a-press-photo-of-worlds-record-shot-put-and-discus-thrower-lillian-copeland-los-angeles-21-may-1926/|title=Games People Play: A Press Photo of Track and Field Star Lillian Copeland, Los Angeles, 21 May 1926|date=May 22, 2020|website=The Homestead Blog}}</ref> * [[William Harmatz]], jockey<ref name=HarmatzObituary>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2011-jan-29-la-me-passings-20110129-story.html|title=PASSINGS: Bill Harmatz|date=29 January 2011|via=Los Angeles Times|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420191411/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2011-jan-29-la-me-passings-20110129-story.html|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Ron Mix]] (born 1938), Football Hall of Famer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/57887/the-other-league|title=How Three Jews Behind the AFL Invented the Modern Media Spectacle That is Pro Football Today|date=3 February 2011|website=Tablet Magazine|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420191411/https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/57887/the-other-league|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Donald Sterling]], Former Los Angeles Clippers owner<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1018960/4/index.htm |title=Franz Lidz, "Up and Down in Beverly Hills," ''Sports Illustrated,'' April 17, 2000 |access-date=May 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708234422/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1018960/4/index.htm |archive-date=July 8, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Criminals === * [[Mickey Cohen]], gangster<ref>{{cite book|first=Tere |last=Tereba |title=Mickey Cohen: The Life and Crimes of L.A.'s Notorious Mobster |year=2012 |publisher= ECW Press |isbn=9781770902039 }}</ref>

===Arts and culture=== {{div col}} * [[Oscar Zeta Acosta]], attorney, writer, community activist<ref>{{cite web|first=Yoli |last=Martinez| url=https://www.kcet.org/history-society/iconic-hispanic-angelenos-in-history-oscar-zeta-acosta |title=Iconic Hispanic Angelenos in History: Oscar Zeta Acosta|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131130028/http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/landofsunshine/portraits/iconic-hispanic-angelenos-in-history-oscar-zeta-acosta.html |archive-date=2013-01-31 |website=KCET Departures|date= Oct 2, 2012}}</ref> * [[Lou Adler]], record producer, manager<ref>David Kamp [http://davidkamp.com/2006/09/live_at_the_whisky.php "Live at the Whisky"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219184331/http://davidkamp.com/2006/09/live_at_the_whisky.php |date=2013-12-19 }}</ref> * [[Herb Alpert]], musician<ref name="bh">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-15-ca-28979-story.html |date=March 15, 1998 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |title=Herb Alpert's Brass Rings |first=DIANE |last=HAITHMAN |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715043855/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/15/entertainment/ca-28979 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Greg Boyle]], [[Catholic priest]], community activist<ref>{{cite news |title=Father Boyle and Gangs |last=Stark |first=Ray |date=May 12, 1993 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=[[Beverly Hills]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-12-me-34135-story.html |access-date=2019-08-23 |department=Letter to the Editor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823173918/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-12-me-34135-story.html |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Great Read: After 30 years of helping gang members, Father Greg Boyle is slowing a bit but still determined |last=Mejia |first=Brittny |date=November 4, 2015 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/great-reads/la-me-c1-father-boyle-20151104-story.html |access-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823173557/https://www.latimes.com/local/great-reads/la-me-c1-father-boyle-20151104-story.html |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Richard Duardo]], master printmaker, visual artist, and illustrator<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide To The Richard Duardo Collection of Silk Screen Prints |url=https://www.library.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/special-collections/collections/aguides/Duardo_archives_guide.pdf |website=Department of Special Collections, Davidson Library, [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]}}</ref> * [[Norman Granz]], musician<ref>John Thurber [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-24-me-7765-story.html "Norman Granz, 83; Visionary of the Jazz World Was Producer, Promoter and Social Conscience"], "Los Angeles Times" November 24, 2001</ref> * [[Josefina López]], writer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://josefinalopez.co/?page_id=6 |title=Biography | Josefina Lopez |access-date=2013-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217161200/http://josefinalopez.co/?page_id=6 |archive-date=2015-02-17 }} Lopez website</ref> * [[Anthony Quinn]], actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lifechums.wordpress.com/tag/actor/page/2/|title=Actor - LifeChums: Be Chums 4 Life - Page 2|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420191410/https://lifechums.wordpress.com/tag/actor/page/2/|archive-date=2019-04-20|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Andy Russell (singer)|Andy Russell]], international singing star<ref name="loza148">{{cite book|last=Loza|first=Steven |title=Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles|url=https://archive.org/details/barriorhythmmexi00loza|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=University of Illinois Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/barriorhythmmexi00loza/page/148 148]}}</ref> * [[Julius Shulman]], photographer<ref>Mary Melton, [http://www.lamag.com/features/2009/01/01/lens-master1 "Lens Master"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017075531/http://www.lamag.com/features/2009/01/01/lens-master1 |date=2013-10-17 }}, "Los Angeles Magazine" Jan 1, 2009</ref> * [[Taboo (rapper)|Taboo]], rapper<ref name=romp>{{Cite book|last=Taboo|author2=Steve Dennis|title=Fallin' Up: My Story|publisher=Touchstone|date=February 8, 2011|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781439192061/page/1 1, 3–4]|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781439192061/page/1|isbn=978-1-4391-9206-1|url-access=registration}}</ref> * [[will.i.am]], recording artist and music producer<ref>{{cite book |title=Fallin' Up: My Story |last=Dennis |first=Steve |author2=Taboo |author-link2=Taboo (rapper) |year=2011 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=[[New York City]]|isbn= 9781439192085|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781439192061/page/56 56] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781439192061|url-access=registration |access-date=2012-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite video | date=2011-02-17 | title=Will.i.am on Living in East Los Angeles | Exclusive Interview | NELA TV | medium=Web video | location=Los Angeles, CA | publisher=egentertainment.net | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMxD0uK9O7E | access-date=2016-12-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919165120/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMxD0uK9O7E | archive-date=2018-09-19 | url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Kenny Endo]], taiko drummer, recording artist<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.janm.org/exhibits/bigdrum/interviews/endo | title=Big Drum Articles—Kenny Endo | Japanese American National Museum }}</ref> * [[Rubén Guevara (poet)|Rubén Guevara]], writer, poet, musician, activist, music producer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/chicano-culture-ruben-guevara-documentary/|title=The Many Lives (and Names) of Chicano Icon Rubén Guevara}}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Publishing=== {{div col}} *[[Jack T. Chick]], publisher of Chick tracts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html|title=Jack Chick - Christian Comics Pioneer|website=www.christiancomicsinternational.org|access-date=2013-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517124039/http://www.christiancomicsinternational.org/chick_pioneer.html|archive-date=2013-05-17|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col end}}

===Other notable people=== {{div col}} *[[Irma Resendez]] (born 1961), advocate, author and organization founder<ref>{{cite news|title=Support Group for MS Patients Uses Spanish to Reach Out to Latinos|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-11-me-31522-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 11, 1998|author=Lisa Weiss|access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> {{div col end}}

==In popular culture== * 1917: ''[[Nuts in May (film)|Nuts in May]]''<ref>Ted Okuda, James L. Neibaur [https://www.amazon.com/Stan-Without-Ollie-Laurel-1917-1927/dp/0786447818 "Stan Without Ollie: The Stan Laurel Solo Films, 1917-1927"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305112815/http://www.amazon.com/Stan-Without-Ollie-Laurel-1917-1927/dp/0786447818 |date=2016-03-05 }}, McFarland, 2012</ref> * 1957: ''[[The Pajama Game (film)|The Pajama Game]]''<ref>David Parkinson [https://www.amazon.com/Rough-Guide-Film-Musicals-Reference/dp/1843536501 "The Rough Guide to Film Musicals"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035428/https://www.amazon.com/Rough-Guide-Film-Musicals-Reference/dp/1843536501 |date=2016-11-30 }}, Rough Guides, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050814/locations|title=The Pajama Game (1957) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com|access-date=2017-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603054744/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050814/locations|archive-date=2019-06-03|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1979: ''[[Boulevard Nights]]'' * 1980: ''The Other Side of the Bridge'' ({{langx|es|Del Otro Lado del Puente}}) * 1987: ''[[Born in East L.A. (film)|Born in East L.A.]]''{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} * 1992: ''[[American Me]]''{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} * 1993: ''[[Blood In Blood Out]]'' * 1995: ''[[Dangerous Minds]]'' * 1998: ''[[The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit]]'' * 1998–2009 ''[[Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed]]'' * 2007: ''[[Under the Same Moon]]''<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite web|last1=Martinez|first1=Kevin|title = Hollywood Depicts Latinos Solely In Stereotypes|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/11/hollywood-stereotypes-depictions-of-latinos-east-los-angeles_n_1415238.html|website = The Huffington Post|date = 11 April 2012|access-date = 2016-01-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310213446/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/11/hollywood-stereotypes-depictions-of-latinos-east-los-angeles_n_1415238.html|archive-date = 2016-03-10|url-status = live}}</ref> * 2008: ''[[The Take (2008 film)|The Take]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0828158/|title=The Take|date=12 September 2007|via=www.imdb.com|access-date=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221091834/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0828158/|archive-date=2014-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2011: ''[[A Better Life (film)|A Better Life]]''<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/> * 2013: "[[Mojada]]" <ref>{{cite web | title=Portland Center Stage | url=https://www.pcs.org/features/the-world-of-the-play-mojada-a-medea-in-los-angeles }}</ref> * 2014–2018: ''[[Lucha Underground]]''<ref name="Lucha">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-learn-to-speak-lucha-20150422-story.html|title=Learn to speak lucha: The secret language of the squared circle|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 22, 2015|first=James|last=Queally|access-date=May 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529184658/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-learn-to-speak-lucha-20150422-story.html|archive-date=May 29, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> * 2015: ''[[East LA Interchange]]'' (documentary){{r|HP 2015-10-21}} * 2015/2016: ''[[No más bebés]]'' * 2018–2020: ''[[Vida (TV series)|Vida]]'' * 2020: ''[[Valorant]]'' (Sunset) * 2020–2021: ''[[Gentefied]]'' * 2021: ''[[Night Teeth]]''

==See also== {{Portal|Los Angeles}}

* [[List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments on the East and Northeast Sides]] * [[List of districts and neighborhoods in Los Angeles]] * [[Redz Bar]] (1953–2015 and 2016–present) historic lesbian bar in Boyle Heights

References

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Burt 2008">{{cite magazine|title=Yiddish Los Angeles and the Birth of Latino Politics|magazine=Jewish Currents|first=Kenneth|last=Burt|date=May–June 2008|access-date=October 25, 2019|url=http://www.kennethburt.com/jewishcurrents508.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624085954/http://kennethburt.com/jewishcurrents508.pdf|archive-date=June 24, 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

<ref name="HP 2015-10-21">{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/east-la-interchange-film-_b_8330982|title="East LA Interchange": Film Review|last=Israel|first=|date=2015-10-21|work=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> }}

==Further reading== *{{Cite web |title=Jewish American Heritage |url=https://www.laconservancy.org/jewish-american-heritage |access-date=2015-12-20 |website=The Los Angeles Conservancy}} *''Boyle Heights: How a Los Angeles Neighborhood Became the Future of American Democracy.'' George F. Sanchez. Berkeley: University. of California. Press, 2021. {{ISBN |9780520237070}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.bhnc.net Boyle Heights Neighborhood Council] * [https://boyleheightsbeat.com/ Boyle Heights Beat] * [http://www.selfhelpgraphics.com Self Help Graphics & Art] * [http://www.casa0101.org CASA 1010 Theater] * [http://www.janm.org/boyleheights Boyle Heights: Power of Place] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050216141227/http://www.laforum.org/issues/more.php?id=69_0_10_0_C History of Aliso Village] * [http://www.breedstreetshul.org Breed Street Shul Project, Inc.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070602073857/http://www.bhlc.net/ Boyle Heights Learning Collaborative] * [http://boyleheightshistoricalsociety.org Boyle Heights Historical Society] * [http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/comments Comments about living in Boyle Heights] * [http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/boyle-heights/crime Boyle Heights crime map and statistics]

{{Geographic Location | Center = Boyle Heights, Los Angeles | North = [[Brooklyn Heights, Los Angeles, California|Brooklyn Heights, Los Angeles]] | Northeast = | East = [[East Los Angeles, California]] | Southeast = [[Commerce, California]] | Southwest = | South = [[Vernon, California]] | West = [[Arts District, Los Angeles, California|Arts District, Los Angeles]] | Northwest = }} {{Los Angeles Eastside}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|34.03389|-118.20444|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Boyle Heights, Los Angeles| ]] [[Category:Chicano and Mexican neighborhoods in California]] [[Category:Neighborhoods in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Eastside Los Angeles]] [[Category:1875 establishments in California]] [[Category:Populated places in the United States established in 1875]] [[Category:Historic Jewish communities in the United States]] [[Category:Jews and Judaism in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Mexican-American culture in Los Angeles]]