{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Late Cretaceous, {{fossil range|Maastrichtian}} | image = Borogovia.jpg | image_caption = Leg bones of the holotype | taxon = Borogovia | type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Borogovia gracilicrus''''' | authority = Osmólska, 1987 | type_species_authority = Osmólska, 1987 }}
'''''Borogovia''''' is a troodontid theropod dinosaur genus which lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, in what is now Mongolia. It contains one species, '''''Borogovia gracilicrus.'''''
== Discovery and naming == left|thumb|upright|The generic name ''Borogovia'' is derived from the 'borogoves' In 1971, a Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered the remains of a small theropod at the Altan Uul IV site, in the Nemegt Basin of Ömnögovĭ province. In 1982, upon describing ''Hulsanpes perlei'', the find was reported by Halszka Osmólska and considered by her to be a possible specimen of ''Saurornithoides''.<ref>Osmólska, H., (1982), "''Hulsanpes perlei'' n.g.n.sp. (Deinonychosauria, Saurisichia, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia", ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte'' '''1982'''(7): 440-448</ref> Later she concluded that it represented a species new to science.
In 1987, Osmólska named and described the type species ''Borogovia gracilicrus''. The generic name is derived from the fantasy creatures known as 'borogoves' in the Lewis Carroll poem "Jabberwocky" in ''Through the Looking-Glass''. The specific name is a combination of Latin ''gracilis'', "lightly built", and ''crus'', "shin", in reference to the elegant build of the lower leg.<ref name="Osmólska1987">Osmólska, H., (1987), "[https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app32/app32-133.pdf ''Borogovia gracilicrus'' gen. et sp. n., a new troodontid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia]", ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' '''32''': 133-150</ref>
== Description == The holotype specimen, '''ZPAL MgD-I/174''', was found in the Nemegt Formation, dating from the early Maastrichtian. It consists of two lower legs of a single individual, including fragments of both tibiotarsi, the undersides of both metatarsi, and the second, third, and fourth toes of each foot.<ref name="Osmólska1987" />
The tibiotarsi have an estimated length of twenty-eight centimetres. ''Borogovia'' is about two meters (6 feet) long, weighing some twenty kilograms (forty-five pounds). The tibiotarsus is very elongated. The third toe is narrow. The second phalanx of the second toe is short. The claw of the second toe is short and relatively flat. Osmólska claimed that the second toe could not be hyperextended and suggested that it had regained a weight-bearing function, compensating for the weakness of the third toe.<ref name="Osmólska1987" /> In 2021, Andrea Cau and Daniel Madzia have called the "sickle-clawed" second toe found in other troodontids, and also found in dromaeosaurids, but is absent in ''Borogovia'' the "falciphoran condition".<ref name="Cau2021">{{cite journal|last1=Cau|first1=A.|last2=Madzia|first2=D.|year=2021|title=The phylogenetic affinities and morphological peculiarities of the bird-like dinosaur ''Borogovia gracilicrus'' from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia|journal=PeerJ|volume=9|article-number=e12640|doi=10.7717/peerj.12640|doi-access=free|pmid=34963824 |pmc=8656384}}</ref>
== Classification == Osmólska (1987) assigned ''Borogovia'' to the Troodontidae in 1987, noting that it may be a junior synonym of ''Saurornithoides''.<ref name="Osmólska1987" /> In the 2021 description of ''Tamarro'', Sellés et al. recovered ''Borogovia'' as a member of the Troodontinae, closely related to ''Saurornithoides''.<ref name="Sellés2021">{{cite journal|last1=Sellés|first1=A. G.|last2=Vila|first2=B.|last3=Brusatte|first3=S. L.|last4=Currie|first4=P. J.|last5=Galobart|first5=A.|title=A fast-growing basal troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Europe|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|page=4855|year=2021|doi=10.1038/s41598-021-83745-5|doi-access=free|pmid=33649418 |pmc=7921422|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.4855S }}</ref> Later in 2021, Cau and Madzia revised material of ''Borogovia'' and recovered it as a sister taxon to Troodontinae.<ref name="Cau2021" />
{{col-begin|width=95%}} {{col-2}} '''Sellés et al., 2021'''<ref name="Sellés2021" /> {{clade|{{clade|{{clade |1={{clade |label1=Sinovenatorinae |1={{clade |1=''Jianianhualong'' |2={{clade |1=''Sinovenator'' |2={{clade |1=''Xiaotingia'' |2=''Mei'' }} }} }} |label2=Jinfengopteryginae |2={{clade |1=''Jinfengopteryx'' |2={{clade |1=''Liaoningvenator'' |2={{clade |1=''Philovenator'' |2={{clade |1=IGM 100/1128 |2=IGM 100/140 |3=''Tamarro'' }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=IGM10044 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Xixiasaurus'' |2=''Sinusonasus'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Tochisaurus'' |2=''Daliansaurus'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Gobivenator'' |label2=Troodontinae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Sinornithoides'' |2=''Byronosaurus'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Zanabazar'' |2=''Urbacodon'' |3={{clade |1=''Saurornithoides'' |2='''''Borogovia''''' }} |4={{clade |1=''Troodon'' |2={{clade |1=''Linhevenator'' |2=''Talos'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Troodontidae|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%}} {{col-2}} '''Cau & Madzia, 2021'''<ref name="Cau2021" /> {{clade|{{clade|{{clade |label1=Sinovenatorinae |1={{clade |1=''Jinfengopteryx'' |2={{clade |1=''Ningyuansaurus'' |2={{clade |1=''Sinovenator'' |2=''Mei'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Sinusonasus'' |2=''Sinornithoides'' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Jianianhualong'' |2={{clade |1=''Hesperornithoides'' |2={{clade |1=''Daliansaurus'' |2={{clade |1=MPC-D 100/44 |2=''Luanchuanraptor'' |3=''Liaoningvenator'' }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Byronosaurus'' |2={{clade |1='''''Borogovia''''' |label2=Troodontinae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Xixiasaurus'' |2={{clade |1=''Zanabazar'' |2=''Saurornithoides'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Albertavenator'' |2=''Talos'' |3=''Stenonychosaurus'' |4=''Gobivenator'' |5=''Almas'' |6={{clade |1=''Philovenator'' |2=''Linhevenator'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Troodontidae|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%}} {{col-end}}
== See also == {{Portal|Dinosaurs}} * Timeline of troodontid research
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Troodontidae}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q27444}}
Category:Troodontidae Category:Dinosaur genera Category:Maastrichtian dinosaurs Category:Nemegt Formation Category:Fossil taxa described in 1987 Category:Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska Category:Dinosaurs of Mongolia