Bormina

{{Short description|Italian breed of goat}} {{use dmy dates|date=July 2014}} {{use list-defined references|date=July 2014}} {{Use British English|date=July 2014}} {{Infobox goat breed | name = Bormina | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | status = {{nobreak|[[FAO]] (2007): no data<ref name=barb/>}} | altname = Frisa Rossa | country = Italy | distribution = [[Valtellina]], [[Province of Sondrio]] | standard = none (not recognised) | use = milk<ref name=dad/> | maleweight = | femaleweight = | maleheight = | femaleheight = | type = | skincolour = | coat = {{nobreak|reddish, with [[Swiss markings]]}} | facecolour = | horns = usually horned | beard = males usually bearded | note = }}

The '''Bormina''' is an Italian [[list of goat breeds|breed]] of [[goat|domestic goat]] findigenous to the [[Valtellina]], in the northern part of the [[province of Sondrio]], in [[Lombardy]] in northern Italy. It is particularly associated with the area of the [[comune]] of [[Bormio]], from which its name derives. Because of the reddish colour of its coat and its clear [[Swiss markings]] ({{langx|it|frisature}}, white stripes on the face, white legs, belly and peri-anal area), it may also be call the '''Frisa Rossa'''. It is raised mainly in the Valtellina but is also reported from the [[Lario]] and from the area of [[Varese]]. It does not have official recognition in Italy, and breed numbers are very low. Management is [[extensive farming|extensive]]: the animals are kept on high [[alpine pasture]] in the summer months, and brought under cover in winter.<ref name=bigi/>

== History ==

The origins of the Bormina are unknown. It may derive from [[Toggenburg (goat)|Toggenburg]] stock from north-east Switzerland imported to the Valtellina in 1941 and 1942 for its high productivity of milk, and cross-bred with local strains, or may have arisen from older traditional long-term cultural interchange.<ref name=bigi/> The Bormina also shows similarity to the [[Bionda dell'Adamello]] breed from the [[Val Camonica]].<ref name=corti/>

The Bormina is not officially recognised as a breed, and is not among the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the [[Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia]], the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders.<ref name=dm/><ref name=aspa/> It is, however, reported to the [[DAD-IS]] database of the [[FAO]].<ref name=dad/> Numbers were reported at 100 in 1992; there is no more recent data.<ref name=bigi/> The breed is under competitive pressure from the [[Frisa Valtellinese]] or Frontalasca, which is raised in the same geographical area.<ref name=corti/>

== Use ==

The Bormina is an excellent dairy breed.<ref name=bigi/>

== References == <references>

<ref name=aspa>[http://www.assonapa.it/norme_ecc/Indexnorme.asp Norme tecniche e consistenze] (in Italian). Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia. Accessed July 2014.</ref>

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=bigi>Daniele Bigi, Alessio Zanon (2008). ''Atlante delle razze autoctone: Bovini, equini, ovicaprini, suini allevati in Italia'' (in Italian). Milan: Edagricole. {{ISBN|9788850652594}}. p. 346–47.</ref>

<ref name=corti>Michele Corti, Luigi Andrea Brambilla (2002). [http://www.ruralpini.it/file/Ruralismo/Materiali%20ruralisti/capre_autoctone_alpine.pdf Le razze autoctone caprine dell’arco alpino e i loro sistemi di allevamento] (in Italian). Conference papers: L’allevamento ovicaprino nelle Alpi: Razze, tradizioni e prodotti in sintonia con l’ambiente; Cavalese, 21 September 2002. {{nobreak|p. 61–80.}} Accessed July 2014.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50006860 Breed data sheet: Bormina/Italy]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.</ref>

<ref name=dm>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140504172524/http://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeAttachment.php/L/IT/D/1%252Ff%252F9%252FD.8551668d49c199df1401/P/BLOB%3AID%3D2023 Strutture Zootecniche (Dec. 2009/712/CE - Allegato 2 - Capitolo 2)] (in Italian). Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali. Section '''I''' (e). Archived 4 May 2014.</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Goat breeds]] [[Category:Meat goat breeds]] [[Category:Goat breeds originating in Italy]]