{{Short description|Ukrainian scientist (1918–2020)}} {{family name hatnote|Yevhenovych|Paton|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = [[Hero of Ukraine]] | name = Borys Paton | native_name = Борис Патон | native_name_lang = uk | image = Boris Paton.jpg | caption = Paton in 2010 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Kyiv]], [[Ukrainian State]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|8|19|1918|11|27}} | death_place = Kyiv, Ukraine | residence = | ethnicity = | field = [[Metallurgy]] | work_institutions = [[Paton Electrical-Welding Institute]], International Association of Science Academies, [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] | alma_mater = [[Kyiv Polytechnic Institute]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Studies in metallurgy of electrical [[welding]]; President of [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] (since 1962) | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = [[Olha Paton]]<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/> | children = Yevhenia<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/> | religion = | footnotes = | signature = | awards = [[Hero of Socialist Labor]] (twice)<br>[[Hero of Ukraine]]<br>[[Lomonosov Gold Medal]] }}
'''Borys Yevhenovych Paton''' ({{langx|uk|Борис Євгенович Патон}}; 27 November 1918 – 19 August 2020<ref name="Paton11118461">[https://www.unian.info/society/prominent-ukrainian-academician-paton-dies-at-101-11118461.html Prominent Ukrainian academician Paton dies at 101], [[UNIAN]] (19 August 2020)</ref><ref name="interview-boris-paton">[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/people/interview-boris-paton Interview with Boris Paton], [[Times Higher Education]] (22 November 2018)</ref>) was a Ukrainian scientist and a long-time chairman of the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]. He was appointed to this post in 1962 and held it until his death.<ref name="240344Патон"/> Paton, like his father [[Evgeny Paton]], was famous for his work in [[Electric resistance welding|electric welding]].<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/>
==Biography== Paton was born on 27 November 1918 in [[Kyiv]] in the family of scientist and founder of the [[Paton Institute of Electric Welding]] in Kyiv, Professor [[Evgeny Paton]].<ref name="boryspatonKP1982020">[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/borys-paton-patriarch-of-ukrainian-science-dies-at-101.html?cn-reloaded=1 Borys Paton, patriarch of Ukrainian science, dies at 101], [[Kyiv Post]] (19 August 2020)</ref> Evgeny Paton was (like his son) famous for his works in [[Electric resistance welding|electric welding]].<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/> The first welded bridge in Kyiv, [[Paton Bridge]], was constructed under the supervision of, and named after, Evgeny Paton.<ref name="boryspatonKP1982020"/> Paton junior's mother was a housewife. Paton junior was born in the professors’ residence building of [[Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute|Kyiv Polytechnic Institute]], where his father was teaching.<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/> In 1941, Borys Paton completed the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and became an engineer.<ref name="Paton11118461"/>
During the [[Second World War]], in 1941 and 1942, Paton worked and designed [[Electrical network|electric circuits]] at the [[Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112]] in [[Nizhny Novgorod|Gorky]].<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/><ref name="interview-boris-paton"/> His designs helped to increase [[Tanks in the Soviet Union|Soviet tank]] production.<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/>
Paton had a doctoral degree in technical sciences after he defended his doctoral dissertation in 1952.<ref name="boryspatonKP1982020"/> In 1952 Paton joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].<ref name="boryspatonKP1982020"/> In 1953 he became head of the Paton Institute of Electric Welding.<ref name="Paton11118461"/><ref name="boryspatonKP1982020"/> (The institute founded and formerly led by his father.<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/>)
Paton joined the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] on 18 November 1958. From 1963 to 1991, he was a member of the [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]].<ref name="Paton11118461"/> Paton was appointed chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1962 and held this position until his death.<ref name="240344Патон"/> Paton was also offered to head the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in [[Moscow]], but he refused.<ref name="paton/30793582"/> He was convinced that he should work in Kyiv, at his parents' Institute of Electric Welding and the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.<ref name="paton/30793582">{{Cite news|title=The life of Boris Paton in 13 facts|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/facts-about-boris-paton/30793582.html|access-date=20 August 2020|work=[[Radio Free Europe]]|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
Paton was a deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]] from 1962 to 1989.<ref name="paton/30793582"/>
In the early 1970s and 1980s Paton had advised the Soviet authorities not to build the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Unger|first=Stephen H.|title=Controlling Technology: Ethics and the Responsible Engineer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23b64xeqUnEC&pg=PA90|date=26 January 1994|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-59181-8|page=90}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Nahaylo|first=Bohdan|title=The Ukrainian Resurgence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPCPxwubpYUC|year=1999|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-168-0|page=48}}</ref>
In 1998 Paton was the first person to have been awarded the title of the [[Hero of Ukraine]].<ref name="interview-boris-paton"/><ref name="Paton11118461"/>
In January 2008 Paton was appointed member of the [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine]] by a decree of President [[Viktor Yushchenko]].<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net">{{Cite news|title=Патон Борис|work=Liga.net|url=https://file.liga.net/persons/boris-paton|access-date=19 August 2020|language=Russian}}</ref> In the [[2010 Ukrainian presidential election]] he was a proxy for candidate [[Yulia Tymoshenko]].<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/> In August 2011 Paton was one of the ten signatories of the so-called "Letter of Ten", a letter from Ukrainian [[intelligentsia]] figures in support of the policy of President [[Viktor Yanukovych]].<ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/>
Paton was last re-appointed for another term as chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015.<ref name="240344Патон"/> Paton did not submit his candidacy for the post in March 2020, which signified that he was leaving the position.<ref name="240344Патон">{{Cite news|title=Патон залишає посаду президента НАН України – джерело|work=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]] "Life"|url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/society/2020/03/25/240344/|access-date=25 May 2020|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
Paton never fully denounced Ukraine's past as part of the [[Soviet Union]].{{#tag:ref|[[Ukrainian SSR|Ukraine]] was part of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1920 until [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Magocsi|first=Paul R.|title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BNUtdVrw6lIC&pg=PA722|year=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-4085-6|pages=563–564, 722–723}}</ref>|group=nb}}<ref name="paton/30793582" /> In 2019 he declared he was against [[Decommunization in Ukraine|decommunization policies]].<ref name="paton/30793582" />
Paton died on 19 August 2020 aged 101.<ref name="Paton11118461"/> He was buried at [[Baikove Cemetery]] three days later.<ref name="7263667Патоном">{{Cite news|title=Україна попрощається з Патоном у суботу|work=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/08/20/7263667/|access-date=20 August 2020|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
Borys Paton was the author of more than 1,000 publications,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boris Y. Paton – Google Scholar Citations|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1j7J6ZQAAAAJ|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> including 20 monographs and responsible for more than 400 inventions.
==Family== Paton was married to [[Olha Paton]] and had a daughter, Yevheniya, who was also a scientist.<ref name="paton/30793582"/><ref name="Патонfile.liga.net"/> Yevheniya died in 2009 and four years later, his wife died.<ref name="paton/30793582"/> After the death of his wife, Paton was cared for by his granddaughter, Olha.<ref name="paton/30793582"/>
== Research activities == Paton devoted his scientific research to<ref name=r1/>
* automatic and semi-automatic [[submerged arc welding]] * development of theoretical foundations for the creation of automatic and semi-automatic machines for electric arc welding and welding power supplies * research for conditions of long arc burning and its regulation * solving the problems of management of welding processes * creation of new functional materials
Under his leadership, electroslag welding was created which became a fundamentally new method of welding. Paton led research on the application of welding heat sources for the improvement of the quality of the [[Smelting|smelted]] metal. On this basis a new branch of metallurgy was founded called special electrometallurgy (electroslag, plasma arc welding and electron-beam remelting). He was the first researcher to start intensive research in the field of the use of welding and related technologies in space.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Народився Борис Патон, фахівець зі зварювання світового рівня, винахідник (спецелектрометалургія, космічне зварювання, хірургічне зварювання живих тканин), академік НАН України (1958), РАН (1962, 1992), Президент НАН України (1962), Герой України {{!}} Національна бібліотека України імені В. І. Вернадського|url=http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/node/4460|website=www.nbuv.gov.ua|access-date=25 May 2020|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
==Honours and awards== ;Ukraine * [[Hero of Ukraine]] (26 November 1998) – for dedicated service to science, outstanding achievements in the field of welding and special electrometallurgy, which contributed to the recognition and approval of the authority of Soviet science in the world.<ref name=r1/> * [[Order of Liberty (Ukraine)|Order of Liberty]] (21 January 2012)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120123124726/http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/14408.html УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ № 28/2012]. president.gov.ua (21 January 2012)</ref> * [[Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise]]:<ref name=r1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100620171135/http://www.paton.kiev.ua/ru/o-nas/personalii/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%98%D0%AD%D0%A1/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87/details Патон Борис Евгеньевич]. [[Paton Institute of Electric Welding]]</ref> **1st class (27 November 2008) – for many years of untiring service to the science, outstanding personal contribution to strengthening the scientific and economic potential of Ukraine<ref>[https://regulation.gov.ua/documents/id68865 Про нагородження Б. Патона орденом князя Ярослава Мудрого]. regulation.gov.ua (27 November 2008)</ref> **2nd class (December 7, 2018) – for a significant personal contribution to the development of national science, strengthening the scientific and technical potential of the Ukrainian state, many years of fruitful work and on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.<ref>Decree of the President of Ukraine from 7 грудня 2018 year № 414/2018 [https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/4142018-25734 «Про відзначення державними нагородами України працівників Національної академії наук України»] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> **4th class (26 November 2003) – for outstanding personal contribution to the development of domestic science, strengthening scientific and technological capacities and on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine **5th class (13 May 1997) – for outstanding personal contribution to the Ukrainian state in the development of science, the approval authority of the national academic school in the world * [[State Prize of Ukraine]] (2004)<ref name=r1/> * Honour of the President of Ukraine (1993)<ref name=r1/>
;Soviet Union * [[Hero of Socialist Labour]], twice (1969, 1978); this award includes the installation of a bust of the recipient – Paton – in his home town of Kyiv; it was sculpted by {{ill|Olexandr Skoblikov|uk|Скобліков Олександр Павлович}} in 1982 and it is installed in front of academic museums at 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky<ref name=r1/><ref>photo: [http://kiev-book.narod.ru/804/paton800-600.jpg прижиттєве бронзове погруддя Бориса Патона] // [http://kiev-book.narod.ru/muz-natur.html Національний науково-природознавчий музей НАН України]: Археологічний музей, Ботанічний музей, Геологічний музей, Зоологічний музей, Палеонтологічний музей; Інститут Ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного, Інститут Зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена</ref> * Four [[Order of Lenin|Orders of Lenin]] (1967, 1969, 1975, 1978)<ref name=r1/> * [[Order of the October Revolution]] (1984)<ref name=r1/> * [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] (1943)<ref name=r1/> * [[Order of Friendship of Peoples]] (1988)<ref name=r1/> * [[Lenin Prize]] (1957)<ref name=r1/> * [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] (1950)<ref name=r1/> * Award of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1988, 1984) * Honoured Worker of Science and Technology of the Ukrainian SSR (1968) * Honoured Inventor of the USSR (1983) * [[Lomonosov Gold Medal]] (1981)<ref name=r1/> * Member of the [[Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (1986–1990)
;Russian * [[Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"]]; **1st class (Russia, 26 November 2008) – for outstanding contribution to world science, strengthening the scientific and cultural relations between the states – members of the Commonwealth of Independent States<ref>[http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/28350 Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.11.2008 г. № 1653]. kremlin.ru (26 November 2008)</ref> **2nd class (Russia, 27 November 1998) – for outstanding contribution to science<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714165056/https://giod.consultant.ru/documents/1134446 Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 27 ноября 2008 года № 1426 «О награждении орденом „За заслуги перед Отечеством“ II степени Патона Б. Е.»]. consultant.ru (27 November 1998)</ref> * [[Order of Honour (Russia)|Order of Honour]] (Russia, 19 January 2004) – for outstanding contribution to science and to strengthen friendship and cooperation between Russia and Ukraine<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164856if_/http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/20429 Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 19.01.2004 г. № 59]. kremlin.ru (19 January 2004)</ref> [[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Saint Petersburg 17-19 June 2010 15.jpg|thumb|Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] awarded of Global Energy Prize, 18 June 2010]] ;Other * 2020: [[IEEE Honorary Membership]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ieee.org.ua/2020/05/28/ieee-honors-2020-borys-paton-wins-the-ieee-honorary-membership/|title=IEEE Honors 2020: Borys Paton Wins the IEEE Honorary Membership|date=28 May 2020|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> * Korolev Gold Medal (2003)<ref name=r1/> * Czochralski Gold Medal (2006) * Honorary Citizen of [[Mariupol]] (1998) – for outstanding service to Mariupol * [[Professor Emeritus]] of [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]] (2003) * [[Global Energy Prize]] (2010) * Honorary member of the [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asm.md/?go=detalii-membri&n=156&new_language=0|title=Academia de Științe a Moldovei | Academia de Științe a Moldovei|website=asm.md|accessdate=20 August 2020|language=Romanian}}</ref>
==Notes== {{Reflist|group=nb}}
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Borys Paton}} * [http://www.nas.gov.ua/ National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310213347/http://www.stereo.org.ua/Recordings/soundcheck/kiev-city Listen to how the Paton Bridge "breathes"] – a section of the article features audio recordings made under this famous bridge *[http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/node/4460 Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20191204161514/https://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/hon-member-recipients.html Official Award IEEE Page]
{{s-start}} {{succession box | title = President of [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine|NANU]] | before = [[Aleksandr Palladin]] | after = [[Anatoliy Zahorodniy]] | years = 1962–2020 }} {{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paton, Borys}} [[Category:1918 births]] [[Category:2020 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century Ukrainian engineers]] [[Category:Engineers from Kyiv]] [[Category:Scientists from Kyiv]] [[Category:Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]] [[Category:Club of Rome members]] [[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]] [[Category:Russian people of German descent]] [[Category:Foreign members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Foreign members of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus]] [[Category:Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] [[Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Honorary members of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova]] [[Category:Kyiv Polytechnic Institute alumni]] [[Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin]] [[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering 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members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]] [[Category:Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Chevaliers of the Order of Merit (Ukraine)]] [[Category:Commander's Grand Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas]] [[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]] [[Category:Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] [[Category:Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology]] [[Category:Recipients of the Friendship Order]] [[Category:Recipients of the Honorary Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine]] [[Category:Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Prize]] [[Category:Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 1st class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Francysk Skaryna]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Honor (Georgia)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Honour (Moldova)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Liberty (Ukraine)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 1st class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 2nd class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 4th class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] [[Category:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold]] [[Category:Recipients of the Shohrat Order]] [[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]] [[Category:Soviet inventors]] [[Category:Soviet mechanical engineers]] [[Category:Ukrainian men centenarians]] [[Category:20th-century Ukrainian inventors]] [[Category:Ukrainian mechanical engineers]] [[Category:Welders]] [[Category:Burials at Baikove Cemetery]] [[Category:Members of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union]]