Borei-class submarine

{{Short description|Nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine built for Russian Navy}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox ship |sclass = 2 |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image = Borey class SSBN.svg |image_caption = Borei-class SSBN profile (project 955) }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/image |image = «Александр Невский» в Вилючинске.jpg |image_caption = K-550 ''Alexander Nevsky'' }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/class overview |name = Borei class |builders = Sevmash, designed by Rubin |operators = {{Navy|Russia}} |class_before = Delta IV class, {{sclass2|Typhoon|submarine|4}} |class_after = {{sclass2|Arcturus|submarine|4}} |subclasses = |cost = US$713 million<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date= |title=SSBN Borei Class Nuclear-Powered Submarines |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/borei-class/ |work=Verdict Media Limited |location= }}</ref> |built_range = 1996–present |in_service_range = |in_commission_range = 2013–present |total_ships_building = 3 |total_ships_planned = 14<ref name="Two more Borei-A submarines"/> |total_ships_completed = 8 |total_ships_cancelled = |total_ships_active = 8<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20231130/podlodki-1912790340.html|title=The Alexander III and Krasnoyarsk nuclear submarines were handed over to the Navy|work=РИА Новости |date=2023-11-30|access-date=2023-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Podvig | first=Pavel | title=Knyaz Pozharsky submarine transferred to the Russian navy | journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces | date=2025-07-24 | url=https://russianforces.org/blog/2025/07/knyaz_pozharsky_submarine_tran.shtml | access-date=2025-07-26}}</ref> |total_ships_laid_up = |total_ships_lost = |total_ships_retired = |total_ships_preserved = }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header = |header_caption = |type = nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine |displacement = *{{convert|14720|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} surfaced *{{convert|24000|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged |length = {{convert|170|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |beam = {{convert|13.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height = |draught = {{convert|10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |depth = |hold_depth = |decks = |deck_clearance = |power = |propulsion = *1 × ОК-650V nuclear reactor *1 × Steam turbine, {{gaps|50|000}} SHP *1 × Pump-jet |speed = *'''Submerged:''' {{convert|29|kn|km/h mph|lk=in}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/on_1992/955/list.htm |title=Проект 955 |website=DeepStorm |language=ru |access-date=2010-10-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929004512/http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/on_1992/955/list.htm |archive-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> *'''Surfaced:''' {{convert|15|kn|km/h mph|lk=in}} |range = Unlimited |endurance = |test_depth = {{convert|400|m|ft|}} |complement = 107 total crew |time_to_activate = |sensors = |EW = |armament = *16 × RSM-56 Bulava SLBMs with 6 MIRV warheads<ref name="six_to_ten">{{cite web |url=http://en15.rian.ru/img/118575033_free.html |title=Bulava - the lightest ballistic missile of its type |website=RIA Novosti |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140135/http://en15.rian.ru/img/118575033_free.html |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> (project 955 and 955A)<ref name="flotprom.ru">{{cite web |url=http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=106382 |title=Количество шахтных пусковых установок на АПЛ проекта "Борей" будет увеличено до 20 с четвертого корабля |trans-title=The number of silo launchers on the Borey project nuclear submarine will be increased to 20 from the fourth ship |language=ru |website=flotprom.ru |date=11 March 2012 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114053859/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=106382 |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130220/923813018.html |title=Новые АПЛ "Борей-А" будут вооружены 16, а не 20 "Булавами" |trans-title=New nuclear submarines "Borey-A" will be armed with 16, not 20 "Bulava" |language=ru |website=RIA Novosti |date=20 February 2013 |access-date=2018-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702093207/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130220/923813018.html |archive-date=2018-07-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> *8 x 533mm torpedo tubes or 6 × 533mm torpedo tubes (BOREI-A) *6 x 533mm external Special Purpose External Tubes (SPETS) REPS-324 Shlagbaum anti-torpedo defense system *RPK-2 Vyuga anti-submarine/ship missiles |armour = |notes = }} }}

The '''Borei class''', alternate transliteration '''Borey''', Russian designation '''Project 955 ''Borei''''' and '''Project 955A ''Borei-A''''' ({{langx|ru|Борей||Boreas}}, NATO reporting name '''Dolgorukiy'''), are a series of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being constructed by Sevmash for the Russian Navy. The class has been replacing the steadily retiring Russian Navy Delta III and Delta IV classes and fully retired (as of February 2023) {{sclass2|Typhoon|submarine|5}}, all three classes being Soviet-era submarines.

Despite being a replacement for many types of SSBNs, Borei-class submarines are much smaller than those of the Typhoon class in both displacement<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/features/feature-the-worlds-biggest-submarines/ |title=The world's biggest submarines |website=Naval-technology.com |date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219185830/http://www.naval-technology.com/features/feature-the-worlds-biggest-submarines/ |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and crew (24,000 tons submerged opposed to 48,000 tons and 107 personnel as opposed to 160 for the Typhoons). In terms of ''class'', they are more accurately a follow-on for the Delta IV-class SSBNs.

==History== The first design work on the project started in the mid-1980s and the construction of the first vessel started in 1996. Previously, a short-lived, smaller parallel design appeared in 1980s with designation Project 935 Borei II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paralay.com/935.html |title=ПРОЕКТ 935 |website=Paralay.com |language=ru |date=3 October 2009 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222171630/http://paralay.com/935.html |archive-date=22 February 2015 }}</ref> A new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) called the R-39UTTH Bark was developed in parallel. However, the work on this missile was abandoned and a new missile, the RSM-56 Bulava, was designed. The submarine needed to be redesigned to accommodate the new missile, and the design name was changed to Project 955. The vessels were developed by Rubin Design Bureau and are being built by Russia's Northern shipyard Sevmash in Severodvinsk.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

It was reported in 2013 that the arrival of the Borei class will enable the Russian Navy to resume strategic patrols in southern latitudes that had not seen a Russian missile submarine for 20 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/06/02/Russian-nuclear-submarines-to-resume-patrols-in-southern-seas/UPI-40461370149350/ |title=Russian nuclear submarines to resume patrols in southern seas |work=UPI |date=2 June 2013 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219191041/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/06/02/Russian-nuclear-submarines-to-resume-patrols-in-southern-seas/UPI-40461370149350/ |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Launch and trials=== [[File:Dmitry Medvedev near Yury Dolgorukiy submarine.jpg|thumb|Then President Dmitry Medvedev with the submarine {{ship|Russian submarine|Yury Dolgorukiy|K-535|2}} in the background]] [[File:Ракетного_подводного_крейсера_стратегического_назначения_Северного_флота_«Юрий_Долгорукий»_01.jpg|thumb|220px|{{ship|Russian submarine|Yury Dolgorukiy|K-535|2}} in Severomorsk]] The launch of the first submarine of the class, {{ship|Russian submarine|Yury Dolgorukiy|K-535|2}} (''Юрий Долгорукий''), was scheduled for 2002 but was delayed because of budget constraints. The vessel was eventually rolled out of its construction hall on 15 April 2007 in a ceremony attended by many senior military and industrial personnel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news-cms/news/?dept=732&id=44774 |title=First RF submarine hits the water; Missile defence update |website=Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology and Policy |date=26 April 2007 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074147/http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news-cms/news/?dept=732&id=44774 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'' was the first Russian strategic missile submarine to be launched in seventeen years since the end of the Cold War. The planned contingent of eight strategic submarines was expected to be commissioned within the next decade, with five Project 955 planned for purchase through 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2006/08/07/110626 |title=Оружия не хватит - Для переоснащения армии нет средств |trans-title=Not Enough Weapons - There are no funds to re-equip the army |first=Alexey |last=Nikolsky |date=7 August 2006 |website=Vedomosti |language=ru |access-date=2019-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630052425/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2006%2F08%2F07%2F110626 |archive-date=2009-06-30 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'' was not put into the water until February 2008. On 21 November 2008 the reactor on ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'' was activated<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/11/21/Reactor-activated-on-Russian-nuclear-sub/82541227293712/ |title=Reactor activated on Russian nuclear sub |work=UPI |date=21 November 2008 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> and on 19 June 2009, the submarine began its sea trials in the White Sea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/sections/news/background-bulava-missile-tests |title=Background on Bulava missile tests |work=Barents Observer |last1=Nilsen |first1=Thomas |last2=Pettersen |first2=Trude |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> By July 2009, it had yet to be armed with Bulava missiles and was therefore not fully operational, although it had been ready for sea trials on 24 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=The new-generation head strategic nuclear-propelled sub "Yuri Dolgoruky" readied for trials |url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13207122&PageNum=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026104459/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13207122&PageNum=0 |archive-date=2008-10-26 |website=ITAR TASS |date=2008-10-24 |access-date=2008-10-24}}</ref>

On 28 September 2010 ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'' completed company sea trials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10367 |title=SSBN Yury Dolgoruky completed sea trials |website=RusNavy.com |date=28 September 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125044458/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10367 |archive-date=25 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> By late October the Russian Pacific Fleet was fully prepared to host Russia's new Borei-class strategic nuclear-powered submarines.{{cn|date=April 2023}} It is expected that four subs will be deployed in the Northern Fleet and four subs in the Pacific Fleet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10607 |title=Batch of Bulava may exceed 150 missiles |website=RusNavy.com |date=25 October 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219190957/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10607 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 November 2010 ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'' passed all sea trials directed to new equipment and systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10746 |title=SSBN Yury Dolgoruky completed trials phase |website=RusNavy.com |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219183125/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10746 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Initially, the plan was to conduct the first torpedo launches during the ongoing state trials in December 2010 and then in the same month conduct the first launch of the main weapon system, RSM-56 Bulava SLBM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10516 |title=SSBN Yury Dolgoruky to launch torpedoes for the first time |website=RusNavy.com |date=14 October 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006161354/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10516 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The plan was then postponed to mid-summer 2011 due to ice conditions in the White Sea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flot.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=60343 |title=Названа новая дата испытаний "Булавы" |trans-title=New test date for "Bulava" announced |website=Flot.com |language=ru |date=15 December 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070153/http://flot.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=60343 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 December 2010 the second Borei-class submarine, ''Alexander Nevskiy'', was moved to a floating dock in Sevmash shipyard. There the final preparations took place before the submarine was launched.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10963 |title=SSBN Alexander Nevsky was moved to floating dock |website=RusNavy.com |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115833/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10963 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sevmash.ru/eng/photogallery?func=special |title=Most Viewed |language=ru |website=Sevmash.ru |date=2010-11-15 |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724102615/http://www.sevmash.ru/eng/photogallery?func=special |archive-date=2011-07-24 }}</ref> The submarine was launched on 6 December 2010 and began sea trials on 24 October 2011.<ref name="russianforces1">{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/10/aleksandr_nevskiy_begins_see_t.shtml |title=Aleksandr Nevskiy begins sea trials |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date=24 October 2011 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019220916/http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/10/aleksandr_nevskiy_begins_see_t.shtml |archive-date=19 October 2014 |url-status=live|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref>

On 28 June 2011 a Bulava missile was launched for the first time from ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy''. The test was announced as a success.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/news/yuri-dolgoruky-successfully-launches-bulava |title=Yury Dolgoruky successfully launched the Bulava |work=The Barents Observer |last=Staalesen |first=Atle |date=29 June 2011 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> After long delays finally the lead vessel, ''Yuriy Dolgorukiy'', joined the Russian Navy on 10 January 2013. The official ceremony raising the Russian Navy colors on the submarine was led by Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/russian-navy-hoists-flag-on-new-nuclear-powered-submarine/ |title=Russian navy hoists flag on new nuclear powered submarine |work=CTV News |agency=Associated Press |date=10 January 2013 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> It was actively deployed in 2014 after a series of exercises.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-submarine-idUSBRE9090YR20130110 |work=Reuters |title=New Russian nuclear submarine goes into service |last=Gutterman |first=Steve |date=10 January 2013 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310142340/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/10/us-russia-submarine-idUSBRE9090YR20130110 |archive-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://itar-tass.com/armiya-i-opk/1660936 |title=Шойгу: оснащенность Российской армии современным оружием и техникой за год выросла на 7% |trans-title=Shoigu: the equipment of the Russian army with modern weapons and equipment increased by 7% over the year |language=ru |work=TASS |access-date=2014-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230084808/http://itar-tass.com/armiya-i-opk/1660936 |archive-date=2014-12-30 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Design== thumb|300px|Cross sections Borei class includes a compact and integrated hydrodynamically efficient hull for reduced broadband noise and the first ever use of pump-jet propulsion on a Russian nuclear submarine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russiafile.com/borei.htm |title=Russian Borei class submarine |website=Russiafile.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715215134/http://www.russiafile.com/borei.htm |archive-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> Russian news service TASS claimed the noise level is to be five times lower when compared to the third-generation nuclear-powered ''Akula''-class submarines and two times lower than that of the U.S. ''Virginia''-class submarines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/defense/1036400 |title=Russia's Borei subs doubly quiet than US Virginia class |website=TASS |date=17 December 2018 |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231003/http://tass.com/defense/1036400 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The acoustic signature of Borei is significantly stealthier than that of the previous generations of Russian SSBNs, but it has been reported that their hydraulic pumps become noisier after a relatively short period of operation, reducing the stealth capabilities of the submarine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKNqVOHs71Q |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/gKNqVOHs71Q |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Project "Northwind" 955 Borei |date=5 May 2019 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The Borei submarines are approximately {{convert|170|m|ft}} long, {{convert|13|m|ft}} in diameter, and have a maximum submerged speed of at least {{convert|46|km/h|kn mph}}. They are equipped with a floating rescue chamber designed to fit the whole crew.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/russia/783282 |title=Two Borei class nuclear submarines to replace old Kalmar class subs in Russia's Far East |date=17 March 2015 |website=TASS}}</ref> Smaller than the Typhoon class, the Boreis were initially reported to carry 12 missiles but are able to carry 16 because the 36-ton Bulava SLBM (a modified version of the Topol-M ICBM) weighs less than the originally proposed R-39UTTH Bark. Cost was estimated in 2010 at some ₽23 billion (USD$734 million,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://freecurrencyrates.com/en/exchange-rate-history/USD-RUB/2010/cbr |title=United States dollar (USD) and Russian ruble (RUB) Year 2010 Exchange Rate History |website=freecurrencyrates.com}}</ref> equivalent to US$863 million in 2020 terms<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/2010?amount=734120651 |title=$734,120,651 in 2010 → 2021 |website=in2013dollars.com}}</ref>).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_6558000/6558315.stm |work=BBC News |script-title=ru:Россия спустила на воду атомную подлодку |trans-title=Russia launched a nuclear submarine |date=15 April 2007 |access-date=19 December 2014 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200810/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_6558000/6558315.stm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rusnavy2">{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11052 |title=Construction of SSBN Alexander Nevsky will cost RUR 23 bln – shipbuilder |website=rusnavy.com |date=2010-12-13 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901061915/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11052 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In comparison the cost of an {{sclass|Ohio|submarine|0}} SSBN was around US$2 billion per boat (1997 prices, equivalent to over US$3 billion in 2020 terms<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1997?amount=2000000000 |title={{gaps|$|2|000|000|000}} in 1997 → 2021 {{pipe}} Inflation Calculator |website=www.in2013dollars.com}}</ref>).<ref>{{cite news |last=Frost |first=Peter |url=https://www.dailypress.com/2009/04/24/new-sub-role-could-buoy-our-economy/ |title=New Sub Role Could Buoy Our Economy |work=Dailypress.com |date=24 April 2009 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430074421/http://articles.dailypress.com/2009-04-24/news/0904240025_1_newport-news-shipyard-northrop-ohio-class/2 |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Each Borei is constructed with 1.3 million components and mechanisms. Its construction requires 17,000 tons of metal, which is 50% more than the Eiffel Tower. The total length of piping is 109&nbsp;km and the length of wiring is 600&nbsp;km. Ten thousand rubber plates cover the hull of the boat.<ref name="tass_banya"/>

==Versions== ===Project 955A (Borei-A)=== thumb|300px|Borei-A variant Units of the Project 955A include improved communication and detection systems, improved acoustic signature<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Fighting-Ships/Project-955A_a000341002.aspx |title=Project 955A |website=deagel.com |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422000939/http://www.deagel.com/Fighting-Ships/Project-955A_a000341002.aspx |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and have major structural changes such as addition of all moving rudders and vertical endplates to the hydroplanes for higher maneuverability, and a different sail geometry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2017/images-of-russia-s-project-955a-ssbn-demonstrate-design-improvements |title=Images of Russia's Project 955A SSBN Demonstrate Design Improvements |website=navyrecognition.com |date=19 December 2019 |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hisutton.com/Borei-A.html |title=Russia's pr.955A Borei-II SSBN |website=hisutton.com |date=30 April 2019 |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> Besides, they are equipped with hydraulic jets and improved screws that allow them to sail at nearly 30 knots while submerged with minimal noise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2017/analysis-russia-s-project-955a-ssbn-design-improvements-over-project-955 |title=Analysis: Russia's Project 955A SSBN Design Improvements over Project 955 |website=navyrecognition.com |date=27 November 2017 |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422000935/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/november-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5745-analysis-russia-s-project-955a-ssbn-design-improvements-over-project-955.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although first reported to carry 20 Bulava SLBMs, the 955A will be armed with 16 SLBMs with 6 to 10<ref>{{cite report |page=33 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |publisher=Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee |date=June 2017 |access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="six_to_ten"/> nuclear warheads atop each, just like the project 955 submarines.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20130220/923813018.html |title=Новые АПЛ "Борей-А" будут вооружены 16, а не 20 "Булавами" |trans-title=New "Borey-A" nuclear submarines will be armed with 16, not 20 "Bulava" missiles |language=ru |website=RIA Novosti |date=20 February 2013 |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422000936/https://ria.ru/20130220/923813018.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The contract for five modified 955A submarines was delayed several times due to price dispute between the Russian Defence Ministry and the United Shipbuilding Corporation.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} The contract was formally signed on 28 May 2012.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

The first 955A submarine, ''Knyaz Vladimir'', was laid down on 30 July 2012, during a ceremony attended by the Russian President Vladimir Putin. Two additional project 955A submarines were laid down in 2014, one in late 2015, and one in late 2016.

On 17 November 2017, the fourth Borei-class submarine and the first of the improved Project 955A, ''Knyaz Vladimir'', was launched.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/russia-launches-its-most-advanced-ballistic-missile-sub/ |title=Russia Launches Its Most Advanced Ballistic Missile Sub |work=The Diplomat |last=Gady |first=Franz-Stefan |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref>

On 25 October 2022, the first photo of ''Generalissimus Suvorov'', the sixth vessel in the class, were published while performing sea trials.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vpk.name/news/645450_atomnyi_podvodnyi_raketnyi_kreiser_generalissimus_suvorov_na_ispytaniyah.html |title=Атомный подводный ракетный крейсер «Генералиссимус Суворов» на испытаниях |trans-title=Nuclear submarine missile cruiser "Generalissimo Suvorov" on trials |language=ru |date=October 25, 2022 |website=vpk.name}}</ref> On 7 November, all trials were finished and she was being prepared for commissioning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/16262859 |title=Подводный крейсер "Генералиссимус Суворов" завершил все испытания в Белом море |trans-title=Submarine "Generalissimo Suvorov" completed all tests in the White Sea |language=ru |date=November 7, 2022 |website=tass.ru}}</ref>

According to Sevmash official, Vitaliy Bukovskiy, all Borei-A submarines are to be equipped with aspen banyas able to accommodate 3–4 people.<ref name="tass_banya">{{cite news |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/7437399 |title=Бани из осины установят на подлодках проекта "Борей-А" |trans-title=Aspen baths will be installed on "Borey-A" submarines |date=27 December 2019 |website=TASS |access-date=27 December 2019 |language=ru}}</ref>

===Project 955B (Borei-B)=== The Project 955B was expected to feature a new water jet propulsion system, an upgraded hull, and new noise reduction technology. The concept design was to be initiated by the Rubin Design Bureau in 2018 and four project 955B boats were proposed with the first unit to be delivered to the Russian Navy in 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4840412 |title=Источник: сдача ВМФ первой подлодки типа "Борей-Б" запланирована на 2026 год |trans-title=Source: Delivery of the first submarine of the Borey-B type to the Navy is scheduled for 2026 |language=ru |website=TASS |date=25 December 2017 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052132/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4840412 |archive-date=28 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the project wasn't reportedly included in the Russia's State Armament Programme for 2018–2027 due to cost-efficiency. Instead, six more Borei-A submarines were to be built after 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/defense/1005356 |title=Russia to build 6 more Borei-A strategic nuclear-powered submarines — source |website=TASS |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527225315/http://tass.com/defense/1005356 |archive-date=27 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/05/russia-drops-plans-for-upgraded-borei-class-ballistic-missile-sub/ |title=Russia Drops Plans For Upgraded Borei-Class Ballistic Missile Sub |website=The Diplomat |date=22 May 2018 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527132644/https://thediplomat.com/2018/05/russia-drops-plans-for-upgraded-borei-class-ballistic-missile-sub/ |archive-date=27 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2018 report, Russia's State Armament Programme for 2018–2027 includes construction of two more Borei-A submarines by 2028. The construction should take place at Sevmash starting in 2024 with deliveries to the Russian Navy in 2026 and 2027 respectively.<ref name="Two more Borei-A submarines">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/5856741 |title=Источник: еще две стратегические подлодки "Борей-А" построят на "Севмаше" к 2028 году |trans-title=Source: Two more Borey-A strategic submarines will be built at Sevmash by 2028 |language=ru |website=TASS |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201135144/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/5856741 |archive-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Borei-K=== A proposed version armed with cruise missiles instead of SLBMs, similar to the American ''Ohio''-class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSGNs), is under consideration by the Russian Defence Ministry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/6356693 |title=Источник: РФ может построить две атомные подлодки "Борей-К" с крылатыми ракетами |trans-title=Source: Russia may build two Borei-K nuclear submarines with cruise missiles |website=TASS |date=20 April 2019 |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230447/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/6356693 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Planned successor== At the Army-2022 expo, the Rubin Design Bureau revealed a new ballistic missile submarine design, intended to replace the ''Borei'' class. The ''Arcturus'' class will have an angled hull design, similar to the {{sclass|Dreadnought|submarine|4}}, intended to make the submarine harder to detect. The submarine will also contain 12 missile silos, and will be able to carry the Surrogat-V AUV, which is an anti-submarine warfare drone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/08/russia-reveals-radical-new-stealth-missile-submarine/|title=Russia Reveals Radical New Stealth Missile Submarine|website=navalnews.com|date=16 August 2022|access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref> It will also have 20% lower displacement compared to current ballistic missile submarines, with a planned crew of around 100 people, and being 134 meters in length.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flotprom.ru/2023/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD1/|title=Глава ЦКБ МТ "Рубин" рассказал о революционной концепции подлодки "Арктур"|date=21 June 2023|website=flotprom.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

On 21 June 2023, the Rubin Design Bureau announced that the ''Arcturus'' class would begin replacing the ''Borei'' class from 2037 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20230621/podlodki-1879469485.html|title=В конструкторском бюро назвали сроки появления в ВМФ новых атомных подлодок|website=RIA|date=21 June 2023|language=ru}}</ref>

==Units== {| class="wikitable" |- ! # ! Name ! Project ! Laid down ! Launched ! Commissioned ! Fleet ! Status |- | K-535 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Yury Dolgorukiy|K-535|2}} | 955 | 2 November 1996 | 12 February 2008 | 29 December 2012<ref name="russianships.info">{{cite web |url=http://russianships.info/eng/submarines/project_955.htm |title = Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines - Project 955}}</ref> | Northern<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130110/917627314.html |title="Юрий Долгорукий" вошел в состав 31-й дивизии подлодок Северного флота |trans-title=Yuri Dolgorukiy became part of the 31st submarine division of the Northern Fleet |language=ru |website=RIA Novosti |date=10 January 2013 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111152011/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130110/917627314.html |archive-date=11 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> | Active |- | K-550 | ''Alexander Nevsky'' | 955 | 19 March 2004 | 13 December 2010 | 23 December 2013<ref name="russianships.info"/> | Pacific<ref name="rusnavy2"/> | Active |- | K-551 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Vladimir Monomakh||2}} | 955 | 19 March 2006 | 30 December 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2012/12/sevmash-ready-float-out-third-mega-submarine-19-12 |title=Sevmash ready to float out third mega-submarine |work=The Barents Observer |last=Nilsen |first=Thomas |date=19 December 2012 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tass.com/russia/769770 |title=New Borei class submarine arrives at Russian Northern Fleet base |work=TASS |date=29 December 2014 |access-date=17 June 2024}}</ref> | 19 December 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.usni.org/2014/12/11/russia-accepts-third-borei-class-boomer/ |title=Russia Accepts Third Borei-class Boomer |last=LaGrone |first=Sam |website=news.usni.org |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220090852/http://news.usni.org/2014/12/11/russia-accepts-third-borei-class-boomer/ |archive-date=20 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2014/vladimir-monomakh-third-borey-class-ssbn-joined-russian-navy |title=Vladimir Monomakh Third Borey Class SSBN Joined Russian Navy |website=navyrecognition.com |date=24 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227152347/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/december-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2286-vladimir-monomakh-third-borey-class-ssbn-joined-russian-navy.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | Pacific | Active<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1234343 |title=Russian Navy nuclear-powered sub makes salvo launch of Bulava missiles |website=TASS}}</ref> |- | K-549 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Knyaz Vladimir||2}} | 955А<ref name="flotprom.ru"/> | 30 July 2012 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=117869 |title=АПЛ "Князь Владимир", четвертую подводную лодку типа "Борей", заложат 30 июля на "Севмаше" |trans-title=The "Knyaz Vladimir" nuclear submarine, the fourth Borey-class submarine, will be laid down on July 30 at Sevmash |language=ru |website=flotprom.ru |date=19 July 2012 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219195142/http://flotprom.ru/news/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=117869 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 17 November 2017<ref name=4thBoreiSubmarine>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/defense/976205 |title=Russia floats out 4th Borei-class strategic nuclear submarine |website=TASS |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118210002/http://tass.com/defense/976205 |archive-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 12 June 2020<ref name="commissioned">{{cite press release |url=https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12296989@egNews |title=В День России в состав Военно-Морского Флота торжественно принят новейший ракетный подводный крейсер стратегического назначения проекта "Борей-А" "Князь Владимир" |trans-title=On Russia Day, "Knyaz Vladimir", the newest Borei-A strategic missile submarine was solemnly admitted to the Navy |website=Ministry of Defence of Russia |language=ru |date=12 June 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> | Northern | Active<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/not-all-eyes-are-on-the-middle-eastnbsp/446158 |title=Not all eyes are on the Middle East |first=Thomas|last=Nilsen|website=Barents Observer|date=4 March 2026|access-date=7 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/navy/news/more.htm?id=12370373@egNews|title = Впервые в Главном военно-морском параде примут участие сразу три атомные подводные лодки: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации}}</ref> |- | K-552 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Knyaz Oleg||2}} | 955А | 27 July 2014<ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/742490 |title=Russia's Sevmash shipyards lays down three new submarines |website=TASS |date=27 July 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120110250/http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/742490 |archive-date=20 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2014/russias-sevmash-shipyard-lays-down-5th-borey-class-ssbn-and-4th-yasen-class-ssn |title=Russia's Sevmash shipyard lays down 5th Borey class SSBN and 4th Yasen class SSN |website=navyrecognition.com |date=27 July 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114053859/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/july-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/1917-russias-sevmash-shipyard-lays-down-5th-borey-class-ssbn-and-4th-yasen-class-ssn.html |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 16 July 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/8986283 |title=Первый серийный ракетоносец проекта "Борей-А" "Князь Олег" спустили на воду |trans-title=The first missile boat of the Borei-A project, "Knyaz Oleg", was launched |language=ru |date=16 July 2020 |website=TASS}}</ref> | 21 December 2021<ref name="ТАСС">{{cite web | url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/13260729 | title=ТАСС }}</ref> | Pacific<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1378805 | title=Putin joins video linkup ceremony of delivering latest nuclear subs to Russian Navy }}</ref> | Active<ref name="ТАСС"/> |- |K-553 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Generalissimus Suvorov||2}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rcinet.ca/eye-on-the-arctic/2018/12/04/russia-submarine-borey-arctic-northern-fleet-defence-nuclear-warhead-weapon-severodvinsk/ |title=Russia launches upgraded nuclear-armed sub from northwestern base |website=Radio Canada International |date=4 December 2018 |first=Thomas |last=Nilsen |access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> | 955А | 26 December 2014<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tass.ru/spb-news/1674233 |title=Новому подводному крейсеру типа "Борей" присвоено имя "Генералиссимус Суворов" |trans-title=The new Borei-class submarine was named Generalissimo Suvorov |date=26 December 2014 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=TASS |language=ru}}</ref> | 25 December 2021<ref name="thebarentsobserver.com">{{Cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/12/russia-launches-new-borey-class-ballistic-missile-sub|title = Russia launches new Borei-A class ballistic missile sub| date=25 December 2021 }}</ref> | 29 December 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1381841 | title=Shipbuilders to deliver strategic nuclear-powered sub to Russian Navy in 2023 }}</ref><ref name="navykorabel2022b">{{Cite web|url=https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/257030.html#cutid1|title=Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2022|date=1 January 2022|language=ru|website=navy-korabel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2021/russian-project-955a-submarine-generalissimo-suvorov-to-start-sea-trials-in-2022|title = Russian Project 955A submarine Generalissimo Suvorov to start sea trials in 2022| date=24 September 2021 }}</ref><ref name="thebarentsobserver.com"/> | Pacific<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/05/northern-fleet-gets-priority-receiving-new-ballistic-missile-subs|title = Northern Fleet gets priority in receiving new ballistic missile subs| date=15 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flotprom.ru/2021/%D1%E5%E2%EC%E0%F841/|title=СМИ узнали о планах сдачи атомных подлодок|date=3 November 2021|website=ФлотПром}}</ref> | Active<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/15259657|title=Подводный крейсер "Генералиссимус Суворов" впервые вышел на испытания в море|date=19 July 2022|website=TASS|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1553993|title=Nuclear submarine armed with Bulava missiles joins Russian Navy — defense chief|date=21 December 2022|website=TASS|language=en}}</ref> |- | K-554 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Imperator Aleksandr III||2}}<ref name="flot.com">{{cite web |url=http://flot.com/2015/200007/ |title=Очередной "Борей" назван в честь Александра III |trans-title=Another "Borey" named in honor of Alexander III |language=ru |website=flot.com |date=6 July 2015 |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114053900/http://flot.com/2015/200007/ |archive-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 955А | 18 December 2015<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20151218/1344345534.html |title=АПЛ "Император Александр III" проекта "Борей" заложена на "Севмаше" |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref> | 29 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web|title=На воду спустили атомный подводный крейсер "Император Александр III"|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/16713917|date=29 December 2022|website=TASS|language=ru}}</ref> | 11 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flot.com/2023/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8279/|title=В Северодвинске ввели в строй две атомные подлодки|date=11 December 2023|language=ru|website=flotprom.ru}}</ref> | Pacific | Active<ref name="auto2"/> |- |K-555 | {{ship|Russian submarine|Knyaz Pozharskiy||2}}<ref name="militarynews.ru">{{cite web |url=http://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=381824 |title=Восьмой ракетоносец серии "Борей" "Князь Пожарский" заложат в июле 2016 года - источник |trans-title=The eighth missile carrier of the Borey series "Prince Pozharsky" will be laid down in July 2016 - source |language=ru |website=Military News.ru |date=3 July 2015 |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705030302/http://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=381824 |archive-date=2015-07-05 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 955А | 23 December 2016<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.sevmash.ru/rus/news/2072-84004.html |title=На Севмаше заложена атомная подводная лодка "Князь Пожарский" |trans-title=Nuclear submarine "Prince Pozharskiy" laid down at Sevmash |website=Sevmash |date=23 December 2016 |access-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223203324/http://www.sevmash.ru/rus/news/2072-84004.html |archive-date=23 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 3 February 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/944379|title=Новая атомная подлодка "Князь Пожарский" выведена из эллинга в Северодвинске|date=3 February 2024|website=interfax.ru|language=ru}}</ref> | 24 July 2025<ref>{{cite web | title=Церемония подъёма флага на атомном крейсере «Князь Пожарский» | website=Президент России | date=2025-07-24 | url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/77561 | language=ru | ref={{sfnref|Президент России|2025}} | access-date=2025-07-26}}</ref> | Northern | Active |- | | ''Dmitry Donskoy''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10443709 |title=Новые подлодки проекта "Борей-А" получат имена "Дмитрий Донской" и "Князь Потемкин" |trans-title=New submarines of the Borey-A project will be named Dmitry Donskoy and Prince Potemkin |language=ru |website=TASS |date=12 January 2021}}</ref> | 955A | 23 August 2021<ref name="tass.com" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1329121 |title=Putin launches construction of six warships for Russian Navy |language=en |website=tass.com |date=23 August 2021 |access-date=23 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823132157/https://tass.com/defense/1329121 |archive-date=23 August 2021 }}</ref> | ''2026''<ref name="donskoy_launch_2023">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/18074507|title=Источник: новый ракетоносец проекта 955А "Дмитрий Донской" спустят на воду через два года|website=TASS|date=21 June 2023|language=ru}}</ref> | ''2026''<ref name="donskoy_launch_2023" /> | Northern<ref name="donskoy_launch_2023" /> | Under construction<ref name="regnum">{{Cite web |url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2880010.html |title=Почему Россия усиливает морскую компоненту стратегических ядерных сил? |trans-title=Why is Russia strengthening the naval component of its strategic nuclear forces? |website=REGNUM News Agency |date=10 March 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> |- | | ''Knyaz Potemkin''<ref name="auto"/> | 955A | 23 August 2021<ref name="tass.com">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1321251|title = Russian shipbuilders to lay keel of six warships and submarines on August 9–10 — source}}</ref> | | ''2028''<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/> | Northern | Under construction<ref name="regnum"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/744812 |title=Минобороны заказало еще две стратегические атомные подлодки "Борей-А" |trans-title=Ministry of Defense orders two more "Borey-A" strategic nuclear submarines |language=ru |date=January 12, 2021 |website=Interfax.ru}}</ref> |- | | ''TBA'' | 955A | ''2024''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2021/two-project-955a-borei-a-class-ballistic-missile-submarines-will-be-laid-down-in-2023|title = Two Project 955A Borei-A class ballistic missile submarines will be laid down in 2023| date=28 December 2021 }}</ref> | | ''2030''<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/> | Pacific<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/> | Planned<ref name="TASSnewsubs2023">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/13298525|title=Construction of two Borei-class missile carriers will begin at Sevmash in 2023 | language=ru | date=25 December 2021 | website=TASS}}</ref> |- | | ''TBA'' | 955A | ''2024''<ref name="auto1"/> | | ''2031''<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/> | Northern<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/> | Planned<ref name="TASSnewsubs2023"/> |}

==See also== * List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes * Future of the Russian Navy * List of submarine classes in service * Submarine-launched ballistic missile

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Borei class submarines}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091030141851/http://pilot.strizhi.info/2009/10/26/6880 ''Yury Dolgorukiy'' picture gallery] * [http://russianforces.org/WindowsLiveWriter/YuriDolgorukiygoestothesea_1470A/YD20090619_2.jpg Photo of ''Yury Dolgorukiy'' on sea trials June 2009] * [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=severodvinsk&ie=UTF8&ll=64.576136,39.807715&spn=0.003137,0.010042&t=h&z=17&iwloc=addr&om=0/ ''Yury Dolgorukiy'' in dry dock], Sevmash, Severodvinsk (satellite photo) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070610083727/http://pilot.strizhi.info/2007/05/04/3373 New pictures of ''Yury Dolgorukiy''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230325/http://www.interfax.ru/e/B/0/28.html?id_issue=11694696 Announcement that the first boat will be launched in April 2007] * [http://grani.ru/War/Arms/m.98348.html Announcement (in Russian) that first boat would not be ready until 2007.] * [http://russianforces.org/blog/2007/10/first_project_955_submarine_wi.shtml Borei-class missile complement] * [http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11233 Photos of ''Alexander Nevsky'' while the sub was launched at Sevmash shipyard]

{{Borei class submarine}} {{Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945}} {{SSBN classes in service}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borei Class Submarine}} Category:Submarine classes Category:Borei-class submarines Category:Submarine classes of the Russian and Soviet Navy Category:Nuclear submarines of the Russian Navy