The Book of Good Love

{{short description|Book by Juan Ruiz}} {{Expand Spanish|Libro de buen amor|date=November 2015}} {{Infobox book |  | name = The Book of Good Love | title_orig = El libro del buen amor | translator = | image = lba-codice.jpg | author = [[Juan Ruiz]] [[Archpriest]] of [[Hita, Guadalajara|Hita]] | cover_artist = | country = Spain | language = [[Medieval Spanish]]  | series = | genre = [[mester de clerecía]] | publisher = None | release_date = 1330; expansion completed 1343 | media_type = [[Manuscript]] | pages = | isbn = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }}

'''''The Book of Good Love''''' ({{langx|es|El libro de buen amor}}), considered to be one of the masterpieces of [[Spanish poetry]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kryzskowska-Pawlik |first=Rosanna |url=https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/28269/eminowicz-jaskowska_pawlowska_juan_ruiz_arcipreste_de_hita_libro_de_buen_amor_2011.pdf |title=La Edad de Plata del hispanismo cracoviano. Textos y contextos. |last2=Palka |first2=Ewa |last3=Stala |first3=Ewa |date=October 2011 |journal=Studia Iberystyczne |publisher=[[Jagiellonian University]] |editor-last=Eminowicz-Jaśkowska |editor-first=Teresa |volume=10 |pages=239–253 |language=es |trans-title=The Silver Age of Hispanic Studies in Cracow. Texts and contexts |chapter=Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita: Libro de Buen Amor, la obra maestra del Medioevo español |doi=10.12797/SI.10.2011.10.18 |issn=2082-8594 |issue=10}}</ref> is a pseudo-biographical account of romantic adventures by [[Juan Ruiz]], the [[Archpriest]] of [[Hita, Guadalajara|Hita]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rae.es/libro-de-buen-amor |title=Libro de buen amor, de Juan Ruiz, arcipreste de Hita |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=[[Real Academia Española]] |language=es}}</ref> the earliest version of which dates from 1330; the author completed it with revisions and expansions in 1343.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/arcipreste_de_hita/autor_biografia/ |title=Arcipreste de Hita. El autor y su obra |first=Miguel Ángel |last=Pérez Priego |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=[[Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes]] |publisher=Fundación Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes}}</ref>

The work is considered as the best piece in the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] genre known as [[mester de clerecía]].

''The Book'' begins with prayers and a guide as to how to read the work, followed by stories each containing a moral and often comical tale.

The book contains a heterogeneous collection of various materials united around an alleged autobiographical narrative of the love affairs of the author, who is represented by the episodic character of Don Melón de la Huerta in part of the book. In the book, all layers of [[Late Middle Ages|late medieval]] Spanish society are represented through their lovers.

[[Fable|Fables]] and [[Apologue|apologues]] are interspersed throughout the course of the main argument that constitute a collection of exempla. Likewise, you can find [[Allegory|allegories]], moralities, sermons, and [[Song|songs]] of the blind and of [[Goliards|Goliardic]]- type schoolchildren. Profane lyrical compositions (serranillas, often parodic, derived from the [[Pastorela|pastorelas]]) are also included alongside other religious ones, such as [[Hymn|hymns]] and [[Couplet|couplets]] to the Virgin or Christ.

The narrative materials are based on the [[parody]] of medieval [[Elegiac comedy|elegiac comedies]] in Latin from a [[pseudo-Ovid]]ian school setting, such as ''[[De vetula]]'' and ''[[Pamphilus de amore|Pamphilus]]'', in which the author is the protagonist of amorous adventures that alternate with poems related to him or her. Pamphilus is also cited in the Book of Good Love as the basis for the episode of Don Melón and Doña Endrina. In addition to materials derived from Ovid’s [[Ars Amatoria]], it also parodies the liturgy of the canonical hours or epics and in combat of [[Carnival]] ("Don Carnal") and [[Lent]] ("Doña Cuaresma"). Other genres that can be found in the Book are [[Planh|planhz]], such as Trotaconventos' death, a character that constitutes the clearest precedent for La Celestina or [[Satire|satires]], such as those directed against female owners or the equalizing power of money; or fables, from the medieval [[Aesop|aesopic]] tradition or pedagogical manuals, such as Facetus, which considers romantic education as part of human learning. Although Arabic sources have been proposed, current criticism favors the belief that The Book of Good Love descends from medieval clerical Latin literature.

== Manuscripts == There are three existing [[Manuscript|manuscripts]] of the Book of Good Love, none of which are complete, whose divergences made [[Ramón Menéndez Pidal]] think that he could respond to two different redactions made by the author in different moments of his life:

* Manuscript “S” named after its origin [[Salamanca]]; specifically from the [[Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, Salamanca|Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé]]. It was in the Royal Library of Madrid for a time and is now in the Library of the [[University of Salamanca]] (ms. 2663). The handwriting reveals that it is from the beginning of the [[15th century]] and is the most complete, as it incorporates additions that are not in the other two. The [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] is attributed to Alonso de Paradinas. * Manuscript “G” named after its time belonging to Benito Martínez Gayoso. Today, it can be found in the Library of the [[Royal Spanish Academy]]. It is dated at the end of the 15th century. * Manuscript “T” named after having belonged to the [[Toledo Cathedral]]. Today, it is kept in the National Library of Spain. It is considered to have been written at the end of the 14th century.

==Theme and structure==

''The Book of Good Love'' is a varied and extensive composition of 1728 [[stanza]]s, centering on the fictitious autobiography of Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita. Today three manuscripts of the work survive: the Toledo (T) and Gayoso (G) manuscripts originating from the fourteenth century, and the Salamanca (S) manuscript copied at the start of the fifteenth century by Alonso de Paradinas. All three manuscripts have various pages missing, which prevents a complete reading of the book, and the manuscripts vary extensively from each other due to the diversions of the authors. The work most commonly read today was suggested by [[Ramón Menéndez Pidal]] in 1898 based on sections from all three manuscripts.

The title by which the work is known today was proposed by Menéndez Pidal in 1898, based on different passages from the book, especially those from frame 933b, whose first [[hemistich]] reads “Good Love' said to the book.”

As for the date of writing, it varies according to the manuscript: in one, the author affirms that he finished it in 1330, and in another in 1343; this last date would be a revision of the 1330 version in which Juan Ruiz added new compositions.

The book is famous for its variety of: #Content (exempla, love stories, serranillas, didactic elements, lyrical compositions, etc.) #Meter (the cuaderna via, sixteen syllabic verses, Zejelesque stanzas, etc.) #Tone (serious, festive, religious, profane, etc.)

The work is composed of the following: *The introduction, where the author explains how the book should be interpreted. It consists of a prayer in cuaderna via to God and the Virgin in which he requests their help, a [[Preface|proem]] in prose that adopts the genre of cult [[sermon]] (or divisio intra, but written in Spanish) that could be parodic, another prayer invoking the divine favor to finish the book, and finally ending with two lyrical couplets to Santa María. *A fictitious autobiography of the author in which he tells us of his relationships with women of different origin and social status: a [[nun]], a [[Moors|Moor]], a housewife he spied praying, a baker, a noble woman and several mountain women (''serranas''), often helped by another woman named Urraca, better known as ''Trotaconventos'' (Trots-between-monasteries). *A collection of [[Exemplum|exempla]] ([[Apologue|apologues]], [[Fable|fables]] and stories), which serve as moral lessons and closure for the episodes. *The dispute between the author and Love (''Don Amor, an [[Allegory|allegorical]] character''), in which he accuses Love of being the cause of the seven [[mortal sin]]s. *The tale of the love affairs of Mr. Melon (don Melón) and Mrs. Endrina (dona Endrina), an adaptation of the medieval [[elegiac comedy]] Pamphilus de amore. *The allegorical account of the battle between [[Carnival]] ("Don Carnal") and [[Lent]] ("Doña Cuaresma"), which is really a parody on medieval deeds. *A commentary of "Ars Amandi" (Art of Love) by Ovid *A series of religious lyrical compositions, typically dedicated to [[Mary, mother of Jesus]] *A number of profane lyrical compositions, such as that upon the death of “Trotaconventos.”

==Interpretation== The title ''The Book of Good Love'' is inferred from the text, and who or what Good Love may be is not revealed by the author.

''The Book of Good Love'' explains how men must be careful about Love that can be Good (el buen amor) or Foolish (el loco amor). The Good Love is God's one and is preferred to the Foolish Love which only makes men sin. Juan Ruiz gives the reader a lot of examples to explain his theory and avoid Foolish Love in the name of the Good one.

Due to its heterogeneity, the intention of the work is ambiguous. At certain points, it honors devoted love, while at others, it speaks highly of the skill involved in carnal love.

Menéndez Pelayo was the first to point out the [[Goliards|Goliardic]] character of the work, although he denied that there was any attack against [[Dogma|dogmas]] or insurrection against authority, which others later confirmed to be an attitude characteristic of Goliardish poetry.

Specialists have also discussed the possible didactic nature of the Book of Good Love. Authors such as [[José Amador de los Ríos]], [[Leo Spitzer]] or [[María Rosa Lida de Malkiel]] defend didacticism as an inseparable part of the work. However, authors such as [[Américo Castro]] and [[Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz|Sánchez Albornoz]] deny it, and consider Juan Ruiz to be more cynical than moralistic and more hypocritical than pious. Juan Luis Alborg, in turn, analogizes the work to the way in which [[Miguel de Cervantes|Cervantes]] used chivalric novels to shed his own irony and personal vision; similarly, Juan Luis Alborg asserts that "the Archpriest is contained within medieval didactic forms.” In this sense, the book can also be read as a parody of the epic genre.

His work reflects the multiculturalism of Toledo of his time. Among the various women he tries to make love to (the only case in which he has carnal relations occurs when the mountain-dweller "La Chata" assaults him, although the savage mountain-dwellers were characters of a highly typified literary genre) there is a Moor, and he boasts of his talent as a musician, composing music for [[Andalusia|Andalusian]] and [[Jews|Jewish]] dance. Also during the battle between Don Carnal and Doña Cuaresma he travels to the “aljama” or town hall of Toledo, where the butchers and rabbis invite him to spend a "good day." María Rosa Lida de Malkiel wanted to see the influence of the genre of narrative in rhymed prose, the maqāmat, cultivated by several peninsular authors in Arabic and Hebrew during the XII-XIV centuries.

The book also contains a passage in which a Goliardish-type protest is presented against the position of Gil de Albornoz who intended to extend the papal doctrine of compulsory [[celibacy]] to his diocese. This clashed with the Hispanic tradition of the barraganía or contract of coexistence of a priest with a woman, a custom more established in a multicultural territory such as the diocese of Toledo, once the source of the heresy of Elipando's adoptionism, generated by the coexistence between Jews, Muslims and Christians. This is expressed in the "Canticle of the clerics of Talavera,” where he angrily protests against the provisions of the archbishop against the barraganía in the archdiocese. Such a protest was the one that could lead to the prison on the part of the archbishop. This critical stance towards the high clergy, like the rest of the lighthearted and critical content of his book, makes it akin to Goliardish literature.

Daniel Eisenberg posited that "good love," for Juan Ruiz, meant love for the owner, the single woman, who was neither a virgin nor married. The "bad love" against which a spear breaks was the love of the "garzones" or bachelors. Instead of the unbearable young man (Don Hurón), one can choose that which the text below presents: the "small owner." While the intention of the ''Libro'' has typically been discussed in philological and poststructuralist terms as an ''ars amoris'', a doctrinal work, a parody, or a work that fashions the ambiguity of the linguistic sign, Juan Escourido contends that the poem's intention, anthropology, and legitimation are founded on an aesthetics of joy.

==Further reading== * Cacho Blecua, Juan Manuel y María Jesús Lacarra Ducay, ''Historia de la literatura española, I. Entre oralidad y escritura: la Edad Media'', José Carlos Mainer (dir.), [s. l.], Crítica, 2012, págs. 367-375. {{ISBN|978-84-9892-367-4}} * Deyermond, Alan D. (2001) ''Historia de la literatura española, vol. 1: La Edad Media'', Barcelona: Ariel (1.ª ed. 1973), pp. 189–207. {{ISBN|84-344-8305-X}} *[[Alan Deyermond|Deyermond, Alan]] (2004) ''The "Libro de Buen Amor" in England'': a tribute to Gerald Gybbon-Monypenny. Manchester: Manchester Spanish & Portuguese Studies {{ISBN|0-9539968-6-7}} * Escourido, J. (2020) [https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/10.3828/bhs.2020.14 «¿Qué quiere Juan Ruiz? Estética de la alegría y Libro de buen amor»]Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, Volume 97, Number 3, 2020 pp. 251-269. * Gybbon-Monypenny, G. B. (1984) [https://books.google.com/books?id=NrmD2l3z0s4C&pg=PA7&dq=Libro+de+buen+amor&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#PPA5,M1 «Introducción biográfica y crítica»] to his edition of the ''Libro de buen amor'' (Clásicos Castalia; 161), Madrid: Castalia; pp. 7–95. * {{cite book|last1=Menéndez Peláez|first1=Jesús|title=Historia de la literatura española. Volumen I. Edad Media|date=2010|publisher=Everest|isbn=978-84-241-1928-7|pages=558|location=León|display-authors=etal}} * Ruiz, Juan, ''Libro de buen amor: edición crítica'', ed. Manuel Criado de Val and Eric W. Naylor. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1965. * Ruiz, Juan, ''The Book of Good Love'', trans. Rigo Mignani and Mario A. Di Cesare. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1970. * Ruiz, Juan, ''The Book of Good Love'', trans. [[Elizabeth Drayson|Elizabeth Drayson Macdonald]]. London: Dent, 1999. * Pla Colomer, Francisco Pedro. “Cuando no se da gato por liebre sino veneno por miel: studio de las formas parémicas del Libro de Buen Amor”. ''Paremia'', vol. 30, 2020, pp. 205-214. [https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/paremia/pdf/030/018_pla.pdf ''Paremia'' PDF]

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Libro de buen amor}}

* [https://openiberiaamerica.hcommons.org/ Selections in English and Spanish (pedagogical edition) with introduction, notes, and bibliography in ''Open Iberia/América'' (open access teaching anthology)] *[http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/24661685545133385754491/p0000001.htm ''Libro de buen amor''], original text in Spanish *[http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/arcipreste_hita/default.htm ''Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita, y el libro del buen amor''], comprehensive readers' research and critique at Centro Virtual Cervantes * [http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000051820 ''El libro de buen amor''], 'T' manuscript (14th century), digitized and available at Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, [[Biblioteca Nacional de España]] *[http://my-lba.com], Extensive Bibliography by M.A. Vetterling on the LBA {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Book Of Good Love, The}} [[Category:1330 books]] [[Category:1343 books]] [[Category:Spanish poetry]]