{{Short description|West Chadic language}} {{Infobox language family |name=Bole–Tangale |altname=A.2 West Chadic |region=Bauchi, Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno states of Nigeria |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=Chadic |fam3=West Chadic |glotto=west2715 |glottorefname=West Chadic A.2 |map=West Chadic Languages.jpg |mapcaption=West Chadic per Newman (1977) }} thumb|right|200px|Main Chadic-speaking peoples in Nigeria The '''Bole–Tangale languages''' (also known as the '''A.2''' West Chadic languages) are a branch of West Chadic languages that are spoken in various states of northeastern Nigeria.
==Languages== The Bole–Tangale languages are:<ref>Blench, Roger. 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms)</ref>
*'''Bole''' ('''Bole–Tangale''') (A.2) **North (Bole proper): Bure, Bole, Gera, Geruma, Deno, Galambu, Giiwo, Kubi, Ngamo, Maaka (Maagha), Ɓeele, Daza (Dazawa), ?Pali, Karekare **South (Tangale): Kwaami, Pero, Piya-Kwonci, Kulung,<ref name="BlenchAtlas4"/> Kholok, Nyam, Kushi (Goji), Kutto (Kupto), Tangale, Dera (Kanakuru)
Karekare is the most divergent language within the Bole branch, while Dera is the most divergent language within the Tangale branch.<ref>Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/58551549/West_Chadic_classification_2021 West Chadic classification 2021]''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref>
==Names and locations== Below is a comprehensive list of Bole–Tangale language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).<ref name="BlenchAtlas4">{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" | style="font-size: 75%;" | ! Language !! Cluster !! Dialects !! Alternate spellings !! Own name for language !! Endonym(s) !! Other names (location-based) !! Other names for language !! Exonym(s) !! Speakers !! Location(s) |- | Daza || || || Daza || || || || || || a few villages (Note: No data available) || Bauchi State, Darazo LGA |- | Bole || || Bara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika) || || Bòò Pìkkà, Bopika || Am Pìkkà, Ampika || Fika, Piika || Bolanci || Anika, Bolewa || 32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990) || Bauchi State, Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; Borno State, Fika LGA |- | Bure || || || || BuBure || Bure || || Bure || || A single village southeast of Darazo town || Bauchi State, Darazo LGA |- | Ɓeele || || || Bele || Àɓéelé || bòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl. || || Bellawa || || 120 (Temple 1922); a few villages || Bauchi State |- | Deno || || || || || || || || || 9,900 (LA 1971) || Bauchi State, Darazo LGA; 45 km northeast of Bauchi town |- | Galambu || || || Galembi, Galambe || Galambu || Galambu || || || || 8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL) || Bauchi State, Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages |- | Dera || || Shani, Shellen and Gasi || || Bo Dera || na Dera sg., Dera pl. || Kanakuru || || || 11,300 (W&B) || Adamawa State, Shellen LGA; Borno State, Shani LGA |- | Fyandigeri || || || || Fyandigere || sg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. Fyandigeri || || || Gerawa, Gere, Gera || 13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children. || Bauchi State, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs |- | Geruma || || Sum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple) || Gerema, Germa || Geerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect) || Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.) || || || || 4,700 (LA 1971) || Bauchi State, Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages |- | Giiwo || || || Kirifi || Bu Giiwo || sg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo || || || || 3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL) || Bauchi State, Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages |- | Karekare || || Western Jalalum, northern Pakaro and eastern Ngwajum || Kәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri || || || || || || 39,000 (1952 W&B) || Bauchi State, Gamawa and Misau LGAs; Yobe State, Fika LGA |- | Kholok || || || || || || Kode, Koode, Kwoode,Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko || || || 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) || Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- | Kubi || || || Kuba || || || || || || 1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL) || Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, 40 km. N.E. of Bauchi town |- | Kulung (Chadic) || || || || Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya) || || Wurkum || || || 2000? || Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA |- | Kutto || || || Kupto || Kúttò || Kúttò || || || || Two villages. 3000 (1990 est.) || Bauchi State, Bajoga LGA, Yobe State, Gujba LGA |- | Maaka || || Two dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara) || Magha, Maga, Maha || || || || || || More than 4,000 (1990) || Yobe State, Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir. |- | Ngamo || || || Gamo || || || || || || 17,800 (1952 W&B) || Borno State, Fika LGA; Bauchi State, Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district |- | Pero || || Dialects associated with three major settlements || Walo || Péerò || sg. Péerò, pl. Pìpéerò || Filiya [town name] || || || 6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL) || Gombe State, Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya. |- | '''''Piya–Kwonci cluster''''' || Piya–Kwonci || || Pia || || || Wurkum, Pitiko || || || 2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) || Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- | Piya || Piya–Kwonci || || Pia || || || Wurkum || || || || |- | Kwonci || Piya–Kwonci || Kunshenu || || || || || || || More than 4000 (1990) || |- | Goji || || || || Fo Goji || Nya Goji pl. Memme Goji || Kushe, Kushi || Chong'e || || 4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007) || Gombe State, Shongom LGA |- | Kwaami || || Kafarati, Ɗolli || Kwami, Kwom || Kwáámì || Kwáámì || Komawa || || || 10,000 (1990) || Bauchi State, Kwami LGA |- | Nyam || || || || || Nyambolo || || || || A single village || Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village |- | Tangale || || Ture, Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri || Tangle || Táŋlɛ̀ || || Billiri || || || 36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL) || Gombe State, Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs |}
==References== {{Reflist}} {{CC-notice|cc=by3|url=https://rogerblench.info/}}
==External links== *[http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/ The Yobe Languages Research Project] by the late Russell G. Schuh of UCLA * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524073609/http://www.africanlanguages.org/chadic_west.html West Chadic resources] at africanlanguages.org
{{West Chadic languages}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bole-Tangale languages}} Category:West Chadic languages Category:Languages of Nigeria