Bobo mullet

{{Short description|Species of fish}} {{Speciesbox |image = Pez bobo, joturus pichardi.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |taxon = Joturus pichardi |parent_authority = Poey, 1860 |authority = [[Felipe Poey|Poey]], 1860 |synonyms = ''Agonostoma globiceps'' [[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1874 ''Juturus globiceps'' (Günther, 1874) ''Joturus stipes'' [[David Starr Jordan|D.S. Jordan]] and [[Charles Henry Gilbert|Gilbert]], 1882 |synonyms_ref = <ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase|id=338|genus=Joturus|species=pichardi|month=July|year=2011}}</ref> }}

The '''bobo mullet''' (''Joturus pichardi''), is a [[species]] of [[ray-finned fish]] of the [[Mullet (fish)|mullet]] [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Mugilidae]]. It is the [[monotypic|only species]] in the [[genus]] '''''Joturus''''', one of 17 mullet genera containing altogether about 80 species of [[ray-finned fish]].<ref name=fishbase/> It occurs in rivers, including [[brackish water]]s, in much of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] basin from [[Mexico]] as far south as [[Panama]] and the [[Caribbean]] coast of [[Colombia]], as well as the [[West Indies]] and the United States state of [[Florida]].<ref name=fishbase/><ref name="BahamónFlores2016">{{cite thesis |last=Bahamón Azuero |first=Elizabeth |last2=Flores Armilla |first2=Moisés Oswaldo |date=2016 |title=Análisis del sistema socio-ecológico para el diseño del corredor biológico entre Los Acuíferos Guácimo Pococí y el sector sur del Humedal Ramsar Caribe Noreste, Costa Rica |type=Masters |page=50, 54, 55 |publisher=Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica |language=es |url=http://conservationcorridor.org/cpb/Azuero_and_Armillas_2016.pdf |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the [[Cuba]]n [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] and [[geographer]] [[Esteban Pichardo]] (1799–1879).<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/mugiliformes/ | title = Mugiliformes | access-date= 30 October 2018 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 4 June 2018}}</ref>

==Distribution== In [[Costa Rica]] it is found in the east of the country along the Caribbean coast, especially in the north, for example in the drainages of the [[Reventazón River|Parismina River]], where it is not abundant,<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/> and up to {{Convert|600|m|abbr=on}} in altitude in the rivers of the [[Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge]], where it is uncommon.<ref name="CCT.Ramsar#2">{{cite report |author=Mauricio Salas Varga |date=2009 |title=Humedales Maquenque - Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Anexo #2 Biodiversidad 2009 |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/46533284/documents/CR1918taxo2009.pdf |publisher=Centro Científico Tropical |page=4 |language=es |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref>

==Ecology== It is a fish which lives in warm parts of large mountain streams, but [[Fish migration|migrates]] downstream ([[catadromy]]) to breed in [[estuary|estuaries]]. Fry inhabit marine waters of the estuary. It is found around large boulders in clear, swift-flowing waters when adult, sharing this habitat with ''[[Sicydium]]'' sp. (''chupapiedras'') and ''[[Dajaus monticola]]'' (''tepemechín'') in Costa Rica. It feeds on [[macroinvertebrate]]s, and on [[algae]] carpeting underwater rocks.<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/>

==Uses== In [[Costa Rica]] it is known as '''''bobo''''' or '''''pez bobo'''''.<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/><ref name="CCT.Ramsar#2"/> It is fished here for subsistence consumption and sometimes commercially. It is sought for its size and good flavour.<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/>

==Conservation== Its migration may be interrupted by [[hydroelectric dam|hydroelectrical]] projects. It has historically suffered from population decrease and [[overfishing]] in Costa Rica. It might be under threat from agricultural run-off from banana or pineapple plantations. It is not under any legal protection in Costa Rica.<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/> It is found in the [[Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge]]<ref name="CCT.Ramsar#2"/> and [[Tortuguero National Park]].<ref name="BahamónFlores2016"/>

== References == {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Mugilidae]] [[Category:Euryhaline fish of Nicaragua]]