{{Short description|Socioeconomic classification of people in Turkey}} {{Confusion|Afro-Turks}} {{Religion in Turkey}} [[File:2005 Kurban Bay 01.JPG|thumb|Religious/conservative Turks celebrate religious holiday "Kurban Bayramı" (Eid al-Adha) in Gölköy in 2005]] '''Black Turks''' (Turkish: ''Kara Türkler'' or ''Siyah Türkler'') is a socio-economic term used to describe Turks who are a lower or middle income class. They are described as religious and traditional in contrast to the more secularized class of their country.<ref>Sumer, Beyza. White vs. black Turks: the civilising process in Turkey in the 1990s. MS thesis. Middle East Technical University, 2003.</ref>
Their contrasting social economic groups has been the White Turks who have run the politics of their society and attempted to restrict the religious lifestyle which has led to cultural conflicts in the country.<ref>Demiralp, Seda. "White Turks, Black Turks? Faultlines beyond Islamism versus Secularism." Third World Quarterly 33.3 (2012): 511-524.</ref>
Another class of Turks that has been described has been one that has characteristics of both classes known as the Grey Turks.<ref>Diaz, Marta Dominguez. "“Are New Sufis “Grey Turks”? Urbanite National Identities and Religious Reconfigurations." Strategic Depth through Soft Power: The Domestic Production and International Projection of Turkish Culture: 23.</ref>
The term was also used by 2018 presidential candidate Muharrem İnce to describe himself, claiming that Erdoğan was no longer a black Turk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/993799/ince__Erdogan_Beyaz_Turk__ben_Turkiye_nin_zencisiyim.html|title=İnce: Erdoğan Beyaz Türk, ben Türkiye'nin zencisiyim|date=2018-06-10|work=Cumhuriyet|access-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612025658/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/993799/ince__Erdogan_Beyaz_Turk__ben_Turkiye_nin_zencisiyim.html|archive-date=2018-06-12}}</ref>
==See also== *Religion in Turkey *Islam in Turkey *Erdoğanism *Freedom of religion in Turkey *Conservatism in Turkey
==Further reading== *Yücel, Halime. "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10350330.2019.1631463 Cultural identity in Turkish advertisements]." Social Semiotics 31.2 (2021): 305-323. *DEMIRALP, SEDA. “[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41507184?seq=10 White Turks, Black Turks? Faultlines beyond Islamism versus Secularism].” Third World Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 3, 2012, pp. 511–24. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41507184. Accessed 2 Jan. 2025.
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Society of Turkey Category:Cultural politics Category:Religion in Turkey