{{short description|1961 film}} {{Infobox film | name = Black Tights | image = Black Tights poster.jpg | caption = French theatrical poster | director = Terence Young | based_on = {{Plainlist| * {{based on|''Cyrano de Bergerac''|Edmond Rostand}} * {{based on|''Carmen''|Roland Petit}} * {{based on|''Carmen''|Georges Bizet}} }} | producer = Joseph Kaufman | writer = | screenplay = Roland Petit | narrator = | starring = {{ubl|Cyd Charisse|Moira Shearer|Zizi Jeanmaire|Roland Petit|Maurice Chevalier|Georges Reich|Dirk Sanders}} | music = Marius Constant | cinematography = Henri Alekan | editing = Françoise Javet | studio = Grandes Productions Cinématographiques | distributor = {{plainlist| * Les Artistes Associés (France) * Magna (United States) }} | released = {{Film date|1961|5|9}} | runtime = 140 minutes | country = France | language = French<br>English | budget = | gross = }}
'''''Black Tights''''' ('''''1-2-3-4 ou Les Collants noirs''''') is a 1961 French anthology film featuring four ballet segments shot in Technirama and directed by Terence Young.
The dances in the film were abridged versions of ballets created for the stage by the dancer and choreographer Roland Petit, who appears in the three of the four sequences along with his wife, the ballerina Zizi Jeanmaire.
The film is also known as '''''Un deux trois quatre!''''' in France (short title).
== Plot summary == The four independent stories are performed in the form of ballet, interspersed with introductions by Maurice Chevalier. In two of them (''Cyrano de Bergerac'' and ''Carmen''), he periodically explains events as the story progresses.
'''''La Croqueuse de diamants''''' translates as ''The Gold Digger'', or more literally as "the diamond cruncher". (Twice during the story, the title character swallows a diamond, with a crunching sound.) The story, a romantic comedy, opens in Les Halles. Amid the hubbub of street activity, a group of woman street vendors sing in French about their trade. A furniture delivery man, while delivering a seating banquette to a café, encounters a woman pickpocket, who is the leader of a pickpocketing gang, based next door to the café. The delivery man and the gold digger fall in love with each other, the latter leaving her criminal gang to go off with her new love.
'''''Cyrano de Bergerac''''' is a tragic romantic story, based on a play of the same name. Both Cyrano de Bergerac and Christian de Neuvillette love Roxanne. But the poet Cyrano has a big nose and is too shy to declare his love to Roxanne. Instead, he helps his friend Christian woo Roxanne, writing love letters on his behalf.
'''''Deuil en 24 heures''''' translates as "mourning in 24 hours" or more loosely as ''A Merry Mourning''. (A shop appearing in the film shows "Deuil en 24 heures" as the shop name.) Along the Champs-Élysées, a wealthy man accompanies his wife on a shopping trip to buy a dress. A strange man flirts with his wife in a café. The husband challenges the flirting man to a duel which the husband fatally loses. The wife starts to enjoy her widowhood. The story is a black comedy.
'''''Carmen''''' is the tragic story of the soldier Don José falling in love with the Gypsy Carmen. The plot of the ballet roughly follows the story of the opera with some variations in plot detail. The ballet features music by Georges Bizet. In the Lillas Pastia scene, the ballet troupe sings ''l'amour est enfant de bohème'' in a half-sung/half-spoken fashion.
== Cast ==
'''''La Croqueuse de diamants''''' *Zizi Jeanmaire as ''La Croqueuse de diamants'' (the Gold Digger) *Dirk Sanders as ''Le Jeune Homme'' (the young man who delivers furniture) *Bertie Eckhardt as ''Le Patron du café'' (the owner of the café) *Raoul Celada, Gérard Lemaitre, Hans von Manen, Elwin Carel, Claude Jourdan as ''Les voyous'' (the hooligans - the gang of pickpockets)
'''''Cyrano de Bergerac''''' *Moira Shearer as Roxanne *Roland Petit as Cyrano de Bergerac *Georges Reich as Christian de Neuvillette *Josiane Consoli as Lise Ragueneau *Cecile Zissler as ''La Duègne'' (the chaperone) *Lucien Mars as ''Le petit marquis'' *Leo Lauer as ''Le mauvais acteur'' (the bad actor)
'''''Deuil en 24 heures''''' *Cyd Charisse as ''L'épouse'' (the wife who becomes a widow) *Roland Petit as ''Le séducteur'' (the seducer or suiter who flirts with the wife) *Hans van Manen as ''Le mari'' (the husband) *Gérard Lemaitre as ''Le garçon de café'' (the café waiter) *Danielle Jossi, Regine Rourry as ''Les soubrettes'' (the maids)
'''''Carmen''''' *Zizi Jeanmaire as Carmen *Roland Petit as Don José *Josette Clavier as ''La femme brigand'' (the woman bandit) *Henning Kronstam as ''Le Toréador'' (the bull fighter) *Fredbjørn Bjørnsson, Hans von Manen as ''Les brigands'' (the bandits) *Regine Rourry, Sally Pierce, France Arnel, Irena Radkitwiecz as ''Les cigarières'' (the cigar makers)
== Reception == ''Black Tights'' received the Biennale Special Golden Award at the 21st Venice International Film Festival and the European Grand Prix by film critics in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28261811/the_poststar/|title='Black Tights' Due at Paramount Tomorrow|date=1962-12-10|work=The Post-Star|access-date=2019-02-10|location=Glens Falls, N.Y.|pages=18}}</ref>
Reviews at the time of release were largely favorable. Writing in the ''Los Angeles Times'', critic Philip K. Scheuer called the film "artistic without being forbiddingly highbrow" said that 'the film "could do as much to popularize French Ballet as ''West Side'' [''West Side Story''] did for American." He praised the cinematography as "visually dazzling" and said that the ''Carmen'' ballet was "the real show-stopper."<ref name="Scheuer">{{cite news |last1=Scheuer |first1=Philip K. |title='Black Tights' Artistic Yet Not Too Highbrow |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28248636/la_times_review_of_black_tights/ |accessdate=2019-02-10|work=The Los Angeles Times |date=4 March 1962 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''New York Daily News'' critic Wanda Hale awarded the film four stars and called it "a most unusual ballet picture, artistic, beautiful, saucy and naughty."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28250109/daily_news_review_of_black_tights/|title=Movies: Petit Dance Film Opens at Plaza|last=Hale|first=Wanda|date=2 February 1962|work=Daily News|access-date=2019-02-10|pages=19C|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
''The Boston Globe'', while praising ''Black Tights'' an "intriguing picture to watch" and "rare entertainment," said that there are "occasional dull spots which slow up its pace and deaden its magic."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28250459/boston_globe_review_of_black_tights/|title='Black Tights' Amoral Sophisticated Dancing|date=23 April 1962|work=The Boston Globe|access-date=2019-02-10|pages=20|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' called the film "threadbare" and "very lightly blessed with talent or imagination." The unsigned review described the dancing as "a mixture of modern wiggling and traditional ballet."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28250989/guardian_review_of_black_tights/|title=At the Cinema: Ballet Gimmick Again|date=11 September 1961|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-02-10|pages=17|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
''The New York Times'' critic Bosley Crowther said that the "over-all effect of the picture, apart from its meaning for those who are stringent ballet students or lovers and have particularly keen eyes for technique, is that of a great big package of dance numbers from a musical film - just that, ballet numbers. For our personal taste, that's too much." He called the Maurice Chevalier narration "a little foolish and patronizing."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/02/21/archives/screen-modern-ballet-black-tights-opens-at-the-plaza.html|title=Screen: Modern Ballet; Black Tights' Opens at the Plaza|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=21 February 1962|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-10|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Legacy == In a 1986 review when the film when shown at a revival house, ''Philadelphia Inquirer'' critic Carrie Rickey wrote that "whether seen as a significant chapter in the history of modern dance or as a camp curiosity," the film was a "rare record of Petit's Ballet de Paris." She said that Petit had as much influence on Hollywood musicals, especially ''An American in Paris'', as it did on modern dance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28249144/philadelphia_inquirer_review_of_black/|title=Philadelphia Inquirer review of Black Tights|last=Rickey|first=Carrie|date=8 May 1986|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|access-date=2019-02-10|pages=12–C|author-link=Carrie Rickey|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
A 1986 ''New York Times'' review of the video release of the film noted that ''Black Tights'' "had little success upon its release in 1962" but "is now a highly enjoyable record of Mr. Petit's contribution to ballet. And that is his ability to marry popular forms with a poetic realism."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/05/arts/new-cassettes-french-ballet-german-realism-british-rock-835185.html|title=New Cassettes: French Ballet, German Realism, British Rock|last=Kisselgoff|first=Anna|date=5 January 1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-10|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Three dancers who appear in the film—Dirk Sanders, Hans van Manen, and Gerard Lemaitre—went on to form the Netherlands Dance Theater.<ref name=":0" />
==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == *{{IMDb title|id=0053726|title=Black Tights}} *{{Internet Archive film|id=BlackTights|name=Black Tights}}
{{Terence Young}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Black Tights}} Category:1961 films Category:French musical drama films Category:1961 French-language films Category:Films directed by Terence Young Category:1960s musical drama films Category:Ballet films Category:French anthology films Category:1961 drama films Category:1961 French films Category:Films scored by Marius Constant Category:French-language musical drama films