Biuve fulvipunctata

{{Short description|Species of gastropod}} {{Speciesbox | taxon = Biuve fulvipunctata | image = Chelidonura fulvipunctata.JPG | authority = (Baba, 1938)<ref>{{cite journal | author = Baba K | year = 1938 | title = Opisthobranchia of Kii, Middle Japan | journal = Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyusyu Imperial University | volume = 6 | issue = 1| pages = 1–19 | doi = 10.5109/22587 | doi-access = free | hdl = 2324/22587 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = WORMS>{{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138729 | title = Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938 | access-date = 29 December 2016 | publisher = Bouchet, P.| work = World Register of Marine Species}}</ref> | synonyms = *'' Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' Baba, 1938 *''Chelidonura conformata'' Burn, 1966<ref>{{cite journal | author = Burn R | year = 1966 | title = Some opisthobranchs from southern Queensland | journal = Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia | volume = 1 | issue = 9| pages = 99–109 | doi = 10.1080/00852988.1966.10673816 }}</ref> * ''Chelidonura mediterranea'' Swennen, 1961<ref>{{cite journal | author = Swennen C | year = 1961 | title = On a collection of Opisthobranchia from Turkey | url = http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150637 | journal = Zoologische Mededelingen | volume = 38 | issue = 3| pages = 41–75 }}</ref> }}

'''''Biuve fulvipunctata''''', the '''white-speckled headshield slug''',<ref name = marinebio>{{cite web | url = http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=6917 | title = White-speckled Headshield Slugs, ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' | access-date = 30 December 2016 | publisher = MarineBio Conservation Society | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230162449/http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=6917 | archive-date = 30 December 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> is a species of sea slug or headshield slug, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Aglajidae. This species is widespread in the Indian and Pacific Oceans but has invaded the Mediterranean Sea since 1961, despite apparently being absent from the Red Sea until recorded there in the 21st century. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Biuve''.

==Etymology== The former generic name ''Chelidonura'' means "swallow-tail" referring to the two lobes which extend out from the back of the mantle shield,<ref name = ciesm>{{cite web | url = http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Chelidonurafulvipunctata.html | title = ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' | access-date = 29 December 2016 | publisher = CIESM}}</ref> while the specific name ''fulvipunctata'' is a compound meaning tawny or dull yellow (''fulvus'') and spotted (''punctata'').<ref name = OPK/>

==Distribution== ''Biuve fulvipunctata'' is widely distributed in the western Pacific from Mexico and Hawaii west to Japan<ref name = OPK/> and the east coast of Australia and Lord Howe Island,<ref name = SURG/> through Indonesia and the tropical Indian Ocean to the Mascarene Islands, Mozambique and South Africa.<ref name = OPK/> It is rare in the Mediterranean where it was first recorded in 1961 off Turkey but it has now been recorded off the France, Balearic Islands, Malta, Cyprus and Israel.<ref name = OPK/> It was recorded in the Red Sea for the first time in 2005, most likely as a result of anti-Lessepsian migration,<ref name=Malaquias>{{cite journal | author1 = Manuel António E. Malaquias | author2 = Andrea Zamora-Silva | author3 = Dyana Vitale | author4 = Andrea Spinelli | author5 = Sergio De Matteo | author6 = Salvatore Giacobbe | author7 = Deneb Ortigosa | author8 = Juan L. Cervera | year = 2017 | title = The Suez Canal as a revolving door for marine species: a reply to Galil et al. (2016)(in press – Published online: 22 November 2016) | url = http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2016/ACCEPTED/AI_2017_Malaquias_etal_correctedproof.pdf | journal = Aquatic Invasions | volume = 12 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230001252/http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2016/ACCEPTED/AI_2017_Malaquias_etal_correctedproof.pdf | archive-date = 30 December 2016 }}</ref> although it is possible that ''B. fulvipunctata'' entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea.<ref name = OPK/> The most likely source of ''B. fulvipunctata'' reaching the Mediterranean is transport on shipping, the original discovery site of ''B. fulvipunctata'' in the Mediterranean being a former traditional boat building locale in southern Turkey which is popular with recreational yacht sailors.<ref name = MalaquiasA>{{cite journal | author1 = Manuel António E. Malaquias | author2 = Andrea Zamora-Silva | author3 = Dyana Vitale | author4 = Andrea Spinelli | author5 = Sergio De Matteo | author6 = Salvatore Giacobbe | author7 = Deneb Ortigosa | author8 =Juan L. Cervera | year = 2017 | title = The Mediterranean Sea as a gateway for invasion of the Red Sea: the case of the Indo-West Pacific head-shield slug Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938 | url = http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2016/AI_2016_Malaquias_etal.pdf | journal = Aquatic Invasions | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 247–255 | doi=10.3391/ai.2016.11.3.03| doi-access = free }}</ref> It was reported from Canary Islands in 2016.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Herrero-Barrencua A., Moro L., Ortea J. | year = 2016 | title = Primeros registros de ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' Baba, 1938 y ''Diaphorodoris papillata'' Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) en las islas Canarias. Firsts records of ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' Baba, 1938 and ''Diaphorodoris papillata'' Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) in the Canary Islands | journal = Vieraea | volume = 44 | pages = 121–126 }}</ref>

==Description== An elongated, somewhat cylindrical gastropod, ''B. fulvipunctata'' has an internal, very thin shell. Its body is divided into a cephalic shield and a visceral hump which is, partly covered by a posterior mantle shield. The cephalic shield has its anterior edge wider than the posterior point and it is roughly divided. The eyes are situated on the front of the head and almost invisible as they are obscured by the dorsal surface. The mouth is flanked on either side by a mound which is covered in sensory bristles. The animal's foot is expanded into two lateral parapodia. The two long and symmetrical parapodia fold over and partially cover the dorsal surface. A pair of tapering lobes extend from the rear of the mantle shield, the left one is longer while the right lobe is much shorter.<ref name = ciesm/>

This species typically has a background colour of black or dark brown with a bluish sheen marked with yellowish or orange spots, although some specimens are reddish brown with small yellow spots. A distinguishing feature is a white mark shaped like the letter w across the anterior edge of the head, although this may only be partially visible on some specimens, and a white or pale yellow crescent-shaped spot at the posterior edge of the head shield.<ref name = OPK>{{cite web | url = http://opistobranquis.info/en/guia/cephalaspidea/chelidonura-fulvipunctata/#gsc.tab=0 | title = Chelidonura fulvipunctata | access-date = 30 December 2016 | publisher = Miquel Pontes, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Medrenas et al| work = OPK – Opistobranquis}}</ref><ref name = SSF>{{cite web | url = http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/chelfulv | title = ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' Baba, 1938 | date = 15 July 2010 | access-date = 29 December 2016 | publisher = Sea Slug Forum}}</ref> They are normally between {{convert|10|-|20|mm}} in length<ref name = ciesm/> and in Australia they do not normally exceed {{convert|18|mm}}<ref name = SSF/> but in the Mediterranean specimens of {{convert|33|mm}} have been recorded.<ref name = ciesm/>

{| |left|thumb|''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' in black with small spots. |left|thumb|''C. fulvipunctata'' in reddish brown with small yellow spots. |left|thumb|''C. fulvipunctata'' with a spot at the posterior edge of the head shield. |}

==Biology== thumb|''C. fulvipunctata'' juvenile The preferred habitat is rocky or sandy areas with large amounts of algal debris from the low water mark to {{convert|20|m}} in depth; it can occur in both sheltered and exposed sites. It is nocturnal and, like species in the genus ''Chelidonura'', it is known to feed on small polychaete worms and acoelomate flatworms, prey is detected using the sensory mounds on either side of the mouth.<ref name = SURG>{{cite web | url = http://www.surg.org.au/species/opisthobranchs/cephalaspidea/aglajidae/chelidonura/fulvipunctata | title = ''Chelidonura fulvipunctata'' (Baba, 1938) | access-date = 30 December 2016 | publisher = Solitary Islands Underwater Research Group Inc.}}</ref> The eggs are laid in strings covered in mucus, debris adheres to the mucus strengthening and camouflaging the strings of eggs. In laboratory conditions the eggs hatch in four days.<ref name = OPK/> The few specimens found in the Mediterranean have been found under stones at {{convert|3|m}} depth and on rocky substrate at {{convert|12|m}} in depth.<ref name = ciesm/>

==Taxonomy== This species was originally placed in the genus ''Chelidonura'' but in 2017 the family ''Aglajidae'' was reclassified after a number of genera, including ''Chelidonura'', were found to be paraphyletic and this species was placed in the new monotypic genus ''Biuve''.<ref name = Linnean>{{cite journal | author1 = Andrea Zamora-Silva | author2 = Manuel António E Malaquias | name-list-style = amp | year = 2017 | title = Molecular phylogeny of the Aglajidae head-shield sea slugs (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): new evolutionary lineages revealed and proposal of a new classification | url = https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/183/1/1/4584517?redirectedFrom=fulltext | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 183 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–51 | doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx064| url-access = subscription }} Abstract</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Chelidonura fulvipunctata|''Chelidonura fulvipunctata''}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Chelidonura fulvipunctata|''Chelidonura fulvipunctata''}}

Category:Aglajidae Category:Gastropods described in 1938 Category:Taxa named by Kikutaro Baba