Bittium

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{For|the Finnish IT company|Bittium (company)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Harting 1852 - Bittium reticulatum1.jpg |image_caption = Drawing from Hartling 1886, two views of a shell of ''Bittium reticulatum'' |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Bittium |authority = Leach in Gray, 1847<ref>Leach (1847). ''Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.'' '''20''': 270.</ref> |type_species = ''Strombiformis reticulatus'' |type_species_authority = da Costa, 1778 |synonyms_ref = <ref name = "WoRMS" /> |synonyms = * ''Bittium (Bittium)'' Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation * ''Bittium (Brachybittium)'' Weisbord, 1962· accepted, alternate representation * ''Bittium (Rasbittium)'' Gründel, 1976 (junior objective synonym of Manobittium) * ''Cerithiolum'' Tiberi, 1869 (junior objective synonym of Bittium) * ''Cerithium (Bittium)'' Gray, 1847 * ''Dahlakia'' Biggs, 1971 * ''Inobittium'' Monterosato, 1917 * ''Manobittium'' Monterosato, 1917 }}

'''''Bittium''''' is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.<ref name = "WoRMS">Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137758 on 8 February 2011</ref>

==Distribution== This genus is found worldwide.

== Species == Species in the genus ''Bittium'' include:<ref>[https://archive.today/20130210075904/http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Bittium_Genus.asp ZipCodeZoo]</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Bittium aedonium'' (Watson, 1880)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium aedonium'' (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473064 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium afrum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium amboynense'' (Watson, 1881) * ''Bittium anembatum'' (Melvill, 1904) * ''Bittium aquaticum''{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} * ''Bittium arenaense'' Hertlein & Strong, 1951<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium armillatum'' (Carpenter, 1864)<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium arnoldi'' Bartsch, 1911 * ''Bittium atramentarium'' Melvill & Standen, 1901 * ''Bittium bandatum'' Bozzetti, 2019 * ''Bittium bartolomense'' Bartsch, 1917<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium batillarium'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 * ''Bittium casmaliense'' Bartsch, 1911 * ''Bittium cerithium'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium cerralvoense'' Bartsch, 1911<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium challisae'' Bartsch, 1917<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium chrysomallum'' Melvill, 1901 * ''Bittium circa'' Moreno, 2006 * ''Bittium clathratalum'' * † ''Bittium courtillerianum'' (Millet, 1865) * † ''Bittium crassicostatum'' (Etheridge & Bell, 1898) * † ''Bittium crassum'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018 * ''Bittium decussatum'' (Carpenter, 1857) * ''Bittium delicatum'' (Watson, 1880)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium delicatum'' (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473067 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium depauperatum'' (Watson, 1880) * ''Bittium diminutivum'' (Philippi, 1845) * ''Bittium dumblei'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium editum'' (Powell, 1930) * ''Bittium elegantissimum'' (Hedley, 1899)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium elegantissimum''. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473063 on 13 January 2011</ref> * † ''Bittium eniwetokense'' Ladd, 1972 * ''Bittium exiguum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium fastigiatum'' Carpenter, 1864<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium filosum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium fretense'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * † ''Bittium gallicum'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018 * ''Bittium giganteum'' Bartsch, 1911 * ''Bittium glareosum'' Gould, 1861 * † ''Bittium gliberti'' Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016 * ''Bittium hartbergense'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium hawaiiensis'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium impendens'' (Hedley, 1899) * ''Bittium incile'' Watson, 1897 * ''Bittium inornatum'' Bartsch, 1911<ref name="ITIS"/> {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium insulsum'' Preston, 1908 * ''Bittium koeneni'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium lacteum'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Bittium laevicordatum'' (Powell, 1937) * † ''Bittium larrieyense'' Vignal, 1911 * ''Bittium latreillii'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * † ''Bittium lozoueti'' Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016 * ''Bittium lusciniae'' (Watson, 1880)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium lusciniae'' (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473070 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium mexicanum'' Bartsch, 1911<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium midwayense'' Kosuge, 1979 * ''Bittium multiliratum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium nanum'' (Mayer, 1864) * ''Bittium nicholsi'' Bartsch, 1911<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium nitens'' Carpenter, 1864 * ''Bittium ornatissimum'' Bartsch, 1911 * ''Bittium paleonotum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium paludosum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium panamense'' Bartsch, 1911 * ''Bittium peruvianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Bittium philomelae'' (Watson, 1880)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium philomelae'' (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473071 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium pigrum'' (Watson, 1880)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Bittium pigrum'' (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473079 on 13 January 2011</ref> * † ''Bittium pingue'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018 * ''Bittium porcellanum'' Watson, 1886 * ''Bittium proteum'' (Jousseaume, 1930) * ''Bittium pupiforme'' (Watson, 1880) * ''Bittium quadricinctum'' E. A. Smith, 1903 * † ''Bittium renauleauense'' Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018 * ''Bittium reticulatum'' (da Costa, 1778)<ref name="ITIS"/> – * ''Bittium rubanocinctum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium russiensis'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium salinae'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium sanjuanense'' Bartsch, 1917<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium santamariense'' Bartsch, 1917<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium scalatum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium semigranosum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium semigranulosum''{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}' * ''Bittium serra'' Bartsch, 1917<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium simplex'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * ''Bittium spina'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium stigmosum'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium submamillatum'' (Jeffreys, 1867) * † ''Bittium sublima'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) * ''Bittium tenebrisbrunneis'' Poppe & Tagaro, 2026 * ''Bittium tenuispina'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium terebelloides'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * † ''Bittium transenna'' (Bayan, 1873) * ''Bittium tumidum'' Bartsch, 1907<ref name="ITIS"/> * ''Bittium turritella'' {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} * ''Bittium vancouverense'' Dall & Bartsch, 1910<ref name="ITIS"/> * † ''Bittium venustulum'' (Millet, 1865) * † ''Bittium vignali'' Dollfus, 1909 * ''Bittium watsoni'' (Jeffreys, 1885) * ''Bittium xanthum'' Watson, 1886 {{div col end}}

;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Bittium adamsi'' Dall, 1889: synonym of ''Finella adamsi'' (Dall, 1889) * ''Bittium alternatum'' (Say, 1822)<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=71976 |taxon=''Bittium''}} accessed 13 January 2011.</ref> and ''Bittium nigrum'' (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of ''Bittiolum alternatum'' (Say, 1822)<ref>Rosenberg, G. (2010). ''Bittiolum alternatum'' (Say, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160172 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium asperum'' Gabb, 1861: synonym of ''Lirobittium asperum'' (Gabb, 1861) * ''Bittium attenuatum'' Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium attenuatum'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Bittium boeticum'' (Pease, 1860) and ''Bittium pusillum'' (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of ''Cerithium boeticum'' Pease, 1860<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Cerithium boeticum''. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473096 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium catalinense'' Bartsch, 1907:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium purpureum'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Bittium cinctum'' Hutton, 1885: synonym of ''Seila cincta'' (Hutton, 1886) * † ''Bittium cossmanni'': synonym of † ''Hemicerithium cossmanni'' (Dall, 1892) * ''Bittium diplax'' Watson, 1886 is a synonym of ''Cerithidium diplax'' (Watson, 1886)<ref>Gofas, S. (2010). ''Cerithidium diplax'' (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397036 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium eschrichti'' (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of ''Neostylidium eschrichtii'' (Middendorff, 1849) * ''Bittium estuarinum''Tate, 1893: synonym of ''Zeacumantus plumbeus'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855) * ''Bittium exile'' (Hutton, 1873): synonym of ''Zebittium exile'' (Hutton, 1873) * ''Bittium fetellum'' Bartsch, 1911:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium fetellum'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination) * ''Bittium furvum'' Watson, 1886 : synonym of ''Cacozeliana furva'' (Watson, 1886) * ''Bittium fuscocapitulum'' Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of ''Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum'' (Hedley & Petterd, 1906) * ''Bittium granarium'' (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of ''Cacozeliana granarium'' (Kiener, 1842)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Cacozeliana granarium'' (Kiener, 1842). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473085 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium hiloense'': synonym of ''Bittinella hiloensis'' (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908) * ''Bittium houbricki'' Ponder, 1993 : synonym of ''Ittibittium houbricki'' (Ponder, 1993) * ''Bittium icarus'' (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of ''Cacozeliana icarus'' (Bayle, 1880) * ''Bittium interfossa'' (Carpenter, 1864):<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium interfossa'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Bittium jadertinum'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''Bittium reticulatum'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Bittium johnstonae'' Bartsch, 1911:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium johnstonae'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination) * ''Bittium larum'' Bartsch, 1911:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium larum'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination) * ''Bittium lawleyanum'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855) * ''Bittium leucocephalum'' Watson, 1886 : synonym of ''Argyropeza leucocephala'' (Watson, 1886) * ''Bittium minutulum'': synonym of ''Batillariella minutula'' (Thiele, 1930) (original combination) * ''Bittium munitum'' (Carpenter, 1864):<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium munitum'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Bittium oldroydae'' Bartsch, 1911:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium oldroydae'' (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination) * ''Bittium oryza'' (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of ''Ittibittium oryza'' (Mörch, 1876) * ''Bittium paganicum'' (Dall, 1919):<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium paganicum'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Bittium parcum'' Gould, 1861 is a synonym of ''Ittibittium parcum'' (Gould, 1861)<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Ittibittium parcum'' (Gould, 1861). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473137 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium perparvulum'' Watson, 1886<ref name="ITIS"/> is a synonym of ''Cerithidium perparvulum'' (Watson, 1886)<ref>Gofas, S. (2010). ''Cerithidium perparvulum'' (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397037 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium perpusillum'' Tryon, 1887 : synonym of ''Cerithium alutaceum'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Bittium plumbeum'': synonym of ''Zeacumantus plumbeus'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855) * ''Bittium quadrifilatum'' Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium quadrifilatum'' (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination) * ''Bittium scabrum'' (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of ''Bittium reticulatum'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Bittium seymourianum'' Strebel, 1908: synonym of ''Cerithiella seymouriana'' (Strebel, 1908) (original combination) * ''Bittium subplanatum'' Bartsch, 1911:<ref name="ITIS"/> synonym of ''Lirobittium rugatum'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Bittium torresiense'' Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of ''Bittium elegantissimum'' (Hedley, 1899) * ''Bittium variegatum'' Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of ''Cacozeliana variegatum'' (Henn & Brazier, 1894) * ''Bittium varium'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith<ref name="ITIS"/> is a synonym of ''Bittiolum varium'' (Pfeiffer, 1840)<ref>Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010). ''Bittiolum varium'' (Pfeiffer, 1840). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160174 on 13 January 2011</ref> * ''Bittium zebrum'' (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of ''Cerithium zebrum'' Kiener, 1841<ref>WoRMS (2010). ''Cerithium zebrum'' Kiener, 1841. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216673 on 13 January 2011</ref>

;Nomen dubium: * ''Bittium alabastrulum'' (Mörch, 1876) * ''Bittium caraboboense'' (Weisbord, 1962) * ''Bittium galactis'' Mörch, 1876 * ''Bittium lima'' (Bruguière, 1792)

== See also == * ''Cerithium'' * ''Ittibittium''

==References== {{Reflist}} * Biggs H.E. (1971). ''On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea''. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7 * Gründel J. (1976). ''Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe''. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59 * Houbrick R. (1978). ''Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements''. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11 * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca.'' American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). {{ISBN|0-915826-22-4}}. XII, 195 pp * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). ''Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

== Further reading == {{Commons category}} * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12862913 Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219] * Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}} * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2278926 Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273] * [http://natuurtijdschriften.nl/download?type=document&docid=596759 Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120] * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42432299 Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106]

Category:Cerithiidae Category:Taxa named by William Elford Leach