{{Other places}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}} {{Use New Zealand English|date=January 2016}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Birchville | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = Suburb | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | map_alt = | map_caption = Birchville, Upper Hutt | nickname = | motto = | coordinates = {{coord|-41.09134|175.09834|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = New Zealand | subdivision_type1 = Island | subdivision_name1 = North Island | subdivision_type2 = City | subdivision_name2 = Upper Hutt | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_date = late 1800s | founder = | seat_type = Electorates | seat = {{ubl|Remutaka|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti (Māori)}} | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Territorial Authority | leader_name = Upper Hutt City Council | leader_title1 = Regional council | leader_name1 = Greater Wellington Regional Council | leader_title2 = Mayor of Upper Hutt | leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data|Upper Hutt City Mayor|y}} | leader_title3 = Remutaka MP | leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data|Remutaka MP|y}} | leader_title4 = Ikaroa-Rāwhiti MP | leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data|Ikaroa-Rāwhiti MP|y}} | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_total_km2 = 8.26 | area_footnotes = <ref name="Area"/> | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2023"/> | population_total = 2,745 | population_as_of = 2023 Census | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = }}
'''Birchville''' is a suburb of Upper Hutt, New Zealand in the North Island. Its centre lies at the entrance to the Akatarawa Valley, in the north of the city, near confluence of the Akatarawa River with the Hutt River. It is about a 5 km (10-minute) drive north from the centre of Upper Hutt. The Birchville community is spread out along both banks of the Hutt River in a long fairly narrow valley.
==History==
===European settlement===
Originally described as being part of Akatarawa or Mungaroa in early news paper reports. The "Town of Birchville" name only appears in land registry records during the mid-1920s, when the Commissioner of Crown Lands offered week-end cottage sections on the banks of the Hutt River for sale or lease. Other land owners also subdivided their land on the opposite river bank, when the sections in the original subdivision all sold and many were built on. These subdividers noted that Birchville was a popular week-end holiday resort.<ref name=jcollins>{{Citation|publisher = Upper Hutt City Council |isbn = 0-9597585-8-5 |publication-place = Upper Hutt, N.Z |title = Maoribank and the old Brown Owl |ol = 21957910M |author = Judith A. Collins |author2=drawings by Stephen Shadwell |publication-date = 1982 }} - [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195658/http://archives.uhcc.govt.nz/documentpopup.php?catalog=64&asset=14238 Upper Hutt City Library Digital Archive item 64/14238]</ref>
When the Parkdale subdivision was developed during the 1970s, confusion arose over what was the appropriate name for the suburb should be. In 1982, the New Zealand Geographic Board clarified that Birchville, rather than Parkdale, Rivervale, Akatarawa, or Gillespies Road was the official locality name.<ref>New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa, P7, [http://www.linz.govt.nz/docs/placenames/nz-gazetteer/gazetteer-new-zealand-names-20101216.pdf New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names (16 December 2010)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229080224/http://www.linz.govt.nz/docs/placenames/nz-gazetteer/gazetteer-new-zealand-names-20101216.pdf |date=29 December 2010 }}, retrieved 28 December 2010.</ref> The Upper Hutt City Council again affirmed, during the first decade of the 21st century, that the suburb of Birchville included all the housing developments along Akatarawa Road and Gemstone Drive between State Highway 2 and the Akatarawa Cemetery.
Europeans first explored this area in 1840.<ref name=birchville>Laurence Meachen, ''Bon-Bons from Birchville'', Upper Hutt, 1991 - Held Upper Hutt City Library.</ref> On 4th (or 5th) August that year, a party of 5, led by Ernst Diffenbach, using a punt to travel up-river, had reached the Akatarawa River junction. The party appears to have stopped on the riverbank to brew tea before continuing up the Akatarawa River.<ref name=smallfield>W. M. Smallfield, ''Our First Hundred Years . . . .'', Parish of Trentham, New Zealand. Upper Hutt, 1962. Page 8. Available online from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724200019/http://archives.uhcc.govt.nz/documentpopup.php?catalog=64&asset=14255 Upper Hutt City Library Digital Archive item 64/14255].</ref>
The locality was first settled in the late 19th century. In the mid-1860s the Wellington Provincial Government proposed building a road and/or railway line between what was then called Mungaroa in the Upper Hutt Valley and Waikanae, to overcome the difficult route of the Paekakariki Hill Road. Lands in the Akatarawa Valley were put up for sale and a line of road had been surveyed by 1878. Over the next couple of years work proceeded in driving the road up the Akatarawa Valley.<ref name=ncampbell>Nic Campbell, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201000205/http://trainweb.org/enzedrail/industrial/wellington.htxt.html Ramblings with Old Nic 11], 2003. Republished as ''Wellington Industrial & Tram Lines'' in ''Railways of New Zealand'' - The railway pages of Patrick Dunford.</ref>
==Bridges==
In 1880, the Hutt County Council accepted tenders to build two wooden bridges across the Hutt and Akatarawa Rivers{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} and subsequently cut a bridle track to Waikanae.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} A water-colour by Christopher Aubrey of the ''Akatarawa Valley'' painted in 1890 shows these "black bridges" and the Akatarawa Road as it then was.<ref>Christopher Aubrey, "[http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=7533 Akatarawa Valley]", 1890 - Digitised Image from Collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library Reference Number: C-030-029. Retrieved 14 January 2011.</ref>
During the 1890s the Black Bridge Mill was established between the two bridges. The mill was served by a bush tramway.<ref name=ncampbell /><ref name=jcollins />
During 1914 the Upper Hutt Borough Council purchased an area of land to supply water for Upper Hutt. Then, in the early 1930s, the Birchville Dam was built for the Upper Hutt Borough Council.<ref>IPENZ Engineers New Zealand, Engineering Heritage New Zealand, [http://www.ipenz.org.nz/heritage/itemdetail.cfm?itemid=137 Birchville Dam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727080415/http://www.ipenz.org.nz/heritage/itemdetail.cfm?itemid=137 |date=27 July 2011 }}, retrieved 28 December 2010.</ref>
About 1915, Hutt County Council proposed building a concrete bridge across the Hutt River just north of the Akatarawa Stream because the wooden bridges could no longer carry the traffic loads.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
In December 1939, flooding of the Hutt River washed away one mid-channel pier of the concrete bridge as well as causing damage to the deck of the Black Bridge near the Akatarawa Store.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} While the pier on the concrete bridge was replaced, the wooden bridges were redecked and pressed into service to provide an alternative route for Akatarawa Road traffic.
However, over the next few years the state of these wooden bridges deteriorated so much that they eventually had to be closed to vehicle traffic for safety reasons. While they were officially restricted to pedestrian traffic, some motorists still attempted to use the bridges. While the Hutt County Council decided to replace the bridge over the Akatarawa River, it chose not to repair the main wooden bridge over the Hutt River and instead chose close the bridge in November 1953 and subsequently removed the deck, leaving only the substructure that carried the Upper Hutt water supply and other services. In October 1998 another flood so damaged the remaining piers and structure of this 1880s vintage bridge that it needed to be demolished.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} There is now little physical evidence to show where this bridge crossed the Hutt River other than power lines that align with a paper road shown on some maps.
===Andrews Bridge=== thumb|right|Andrews Bridge (2014) In March 1953 the Hutt County Council sought ratepayer approval to raise a loan for a replacement bridge across the Akatarawa River to service Bridge Road. In July 1953 proposals for the replacement bridge, to be named "''Andrews Bridge''" after a recently deceased councillor, were presented to a public meeting and plans drawn up. A contract to build the bridge was let in February 1954 and the replacement bridge opened on 11 December 1954.
The replacement bridge across the Akatarawa River had two pre-stressed concrete deck spans supported on the single concrete pier of the original wooden bridge in the middle of the stream. This bridge has a name plate calling it ''Andrews Bridge''.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
thumb|right|Andrews Bridge on 31 Oct 2015 (post failure) On 29 October 2015, the centre pier of ''Andrews Bridge'' suffered a failure during a flood. This resulted in the pier footing moving in the river bed and slumping down. The deck spans dropped 1 to 2 metres at the centre, leaving them precariously balanced on the centre pier.
As at 31 October 2015 the Upper Hutt City Council had not determined the cause of the failure, but it indicated that the bridge would most likely need to be replaced and this would probably take several months to a year to happen. To provide emergency access to residents, the council announced that it had asked a road contractor to build an access road from Tōtara Park along the route of the Hutt River Trail on the western side of the Hutt River.
===Akatarawa Road Bridge (1980)=== Around 1980, a two lane concrete bridge was built immediately upstream of the Akatarawa Road concrete bridge built in 1917 and because that bridge was no longer safe to use it was demolished.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} The remains of this first concrete bridge's piers and abutments can still be seen in the riverbed and on the river banks today.
==Flood Protection== Stop Banks were also constructed north of the new bridge to prevent flooding of the Parkdale subdivision{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} that was being developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
==Recreation== The Hutt River Trail now provides formal walking paths for tourist and residents along both banks of the river from Totara Park to the Akatarawa Stream. In places, the remains of the old waterworks can be seen beside the trail in some places. Also, the Cannon Point Walkway track, which passes the Birchville Dam, can be accessed from the river trail at the end of Bridge Road. North-east of the Akatarawa Road bridge, the river trail extends on both banks but there is no crossing available upstream.
At Twin Bridges Park, near the Akatarawa Road Bridge and Andrews Bridge, is the Birchville Picnic Area, which has a Tea Shelter and several picnic tables. Beneath the bridges are two popular swimming holes.
==Demographics== Birchville covers {{Convert|8.26|km2||abbr=on}}.<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=Stats NZ Geographic Data Service|url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/data/|at=Statistical Area 1 2023 (generalised)|access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref> It is part of the Birchville-Brown Owl statistical area, which covers {{Convert|8.99|km2||abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=3a406ce8fbb14367ab5caae21c07ab8b|title=Geographic Boundary Viewer|publisher=Stats NZ|at=Statistical Area 1 – 2023 and Statistical Area 2 – 2023}}</ref>
{{Historical populations|2006|2,454|2013|2,430|2018|2,550|2023|2,745|percentages=pagr|align=left|title=Historical population for Birchville|source=<ref name="Census 2023"/><ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|7020001-7020006, 7020027-7020035 and 7020046}}</ref>}} Birchville had a population of 2,745 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 195 people (7.6%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 315 people (13.0%) since the 2013 census. There were 1,383 males, 1,356 females, and 6 people of other genders in 1,005 dwellings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_009&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.7020002%2B7020003%2B7020004%2B7020006%2B7020027%2B7020028%2B7020029%2B7020030%2B7020031%2B7020032%2B7020033%2B7020034%2B7020035%2B7020046%2B7034563%2B7034564%2B7034565%2B7034566.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}}</ref> 3.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. There were 570 people (20.8%) aged under 15 years, 510 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 1,329 (48.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 360 (13.1%) aged 65 or older.<ref name="Census 2023"/>
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 85.1% European (Pākehā); 17.6% Māori; 5.2% Pasifika; 6.3% Asian; 1.0% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.4% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.2%, Māori by 3.1%, Samoan by 1.1%, and other languages by 7.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.1% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 19.1, compared with 28.8% nationally.<ref name="Census 2023"/>
Religious affiliations were 25.8% Christian, 1.1% Hindu, 0.2% Islam, 0.9% Māori religious beliefs, 0.5% Buddhist, 0.5% New Age, 0.3% Jewish, and 2.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 63.0%, and 6.0% of people did not answer the census question.<ref name="Census 2023"/>
Of those at least 15 years old, 441 (20.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,284 (59.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 477 (21.9%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. 330 people (15.2%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was 1,293 (59.4%) full-time, 279 (12.8%) part-time, and 72 (3.3%) unemployed.<ref name="Census 2023">{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_012&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bib7%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.7020002%2B7020003%2B7020004%2B7020006%2B7020027%2B7020028%2B7020029%2B7020030%2B7020031%2B7020032%2B7020033%2B7020034%2B7020035%2B7020046%2B7034563%2B7034564%2B7034565%2B7034566.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=7020002, 7020003, 7020004, 7020006, 7020027, 7020028, 7020029, 7020030, 7020031, 7020032, 7020033, 7020034, 7020035, 7020046, 7034563, 7034564, 7034565 and 7034566}}</ref>
==Education==
Birchville School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students,<ref name="official2810">{{cite web |title=Birchville School Official School Website |url=http://www.birchville.school.nz |website=birchville.school.nz}}</ref><ref name="moe2810">{{cite web |title=Birchville School Ministry of Education School Profile |url=https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=2810 |website=educationcounts.govt.nz |publisher=Ministry of Education}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|2810|y}} as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|}}.<ref name="ero2810">{{cite web |title=Birchville School Education Review Office Report |url=https://www.ero.govt.nz/institution/2810/birchville-school |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=Education Review Office}}</ref> It opened in 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uhcl.recollect.co.nz/nodes/view/14653|title=Birchville School 20th birthday; cake cut by Minister of Finance Bill Birch, with Sophie Rattray, Willie Mangin|publisher=Upper Hutt Leader|date=27 August 1998}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081021101944/http://www.heartland.co.nz/net/community/CommunityHome.aspx?cid=32 Heartland - Birchville and Community] * [http://www.dayout.co.nz/attractions/attraction.aspx?attractionId=1912 Birchville Bridge] from [http://www.dayout.co.nz/ www.dayout.co.nz] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100602071439/http://www.gw.govt.nz/hutt-river-at-birchville/ Hutt River at Birchville] from [http://www.gw.govt.nz/ Greater Wellington Regional Council] {{Upper Hutt}}
Category:Suburbs of Upper Hutt Category:Populated places on Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River