Kosmos 782

{{Short description|Soviet biological science spacecraft (Bion 3)}} {{Use British English|date=January 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} {{Infobox spaceflight | name = Kosmos 782 | names_list = Bion 3<br/>Biocosmos 3 | image = Bion spacecraft original.jpg | image_caption = Bion spacecraft on display at the ''Moscow Space Museum'' | image_size = 300px

| mission_type = Bioscience | operator = Institute of Biomedical Problems | COSPAR_ID = 1975-110A<ref name="Display"/> | SATCAT = 8450 | website = | mission_duration = {{time interval|25 Nov 1975 14:00|15 Dec 1975 04:48|show=dhm}}

| spacecraft = | spacecraft_type = Bion | spacecraft_bus = Zenit 12KS | manufacturer = TsSKB | launch_mass = {{cvt|6000|kg}} | dry_mass = {{cvt|3100|kg}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.cas.cz/space.40/1975/110A.HTM|title=1975-110A - Kosmos 782|website=Space 40|author=Antonín Vitek|date=14 November 2008 |language=Czech|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref> | dimensions = | power =

| launch_date = 25 November 1975,<br/>14:00:00 UTC | launch_rocket = Soyuz-U | launch_site = Plesetsk 43/3 | launch_contractor = TsSKB

| disposal_type = Recovered | landing_date = 15 December 1975,<br/>04:48 UTC<ref>[http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Bion.php Bion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831015330/http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Zenit/Bion.php |date=31 August 2012 }} Zarya Retrieved 2016-06-10</ref> | landing_site = {{Coord|52|17|N|64|11|E|type:event|name=Bion 3 spashdown}}<br/>Near Amankaragaj, Kazakhstan, USSR

| orbit_reference = Geocentric<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1975-110A|title=Trajectory: Bion 3 1975-110A |publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=16 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | orbit_regime = Low Earth orbit | orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|226|km}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|405|km}} | orbit_inclination = 62.8° | orbit_period = 90.5 minutes | apsis = gee

| programme = '''Bion programme''' | previous_mission = Bion 2 | next_mission = Bion 4 | programme2 = '''Kosmos (satellites)''' | previous_mission2 = Kosmos 781 | next_mission2 = Kosmos 783 }}

'''Kosmos 782''' or '''Bion 3''' (Бион 3, Космос 782) was a Bion satellite. It carried 14 experiments prepared by seven countries in all, with participation from scientists in France, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, United States and the Soviet Union.

== Launch and return == Launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome on 25 November 1975, at 14:00:00 UTC. The biosatellite was recovered near Amankaragaj, in Kazakhstan, Soviet Union, on 15 December 1975 after 19.5 days.

== Mission == It included a centrifuge with revolving and fixed sections in which identical groups of animals, plants, and cells could be compared. The subject animals included white rats and tortoises. The effects of aging on fruit fly livers and plant tissues with grafted cancerous growths were also studied. More than 20 different species were flown on the mission, including 25 unrestrained male Wistar rats, fruit flies (''Drosophila melanogaster''), carrot tissues, and 1,000 embryos of the fish ''Fundulus heteroclitus'' (a small shallow-water minnow). A United States radiation dosimeter experiment was also carried out without using biological materials. This experiment was the only joint U.S./U.S.S.R. study flown on the Kosmos series of biosatellites that was developed by Johnson Space Center (JSC); all others were developed and managed by Ames Research Center (ARC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/overview/Cosmos_Biosat.html|title=4. The Cosmos Biosatellite Program|website=lis.arc.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA ARC|access-date=2014-03-12|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215143205/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/overview/Cosmos_Biosat.html|archive-date=15 February 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="Display">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-110A|title=Display: Bion 3 1975-110A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=16 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== See also == {{Portal|Spaceflight}} * 1975 in spaceflight

== Bibliography == * Kozlov, D. I. (1996), Mashnostroenie, ed.; ''Konstruirovanie avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatov'', Moscow, ISBN * Melnik, T. G. (1997), Nauka, ed.; ''Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Sili'', Moscow, ISBN * "Bion' nuzhen lyudyam", ''Novosti Kosmonavtiki'' (6): 35, 1996

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

== External links == * {{url|https://web.archive.org/web/20060929212656/http://lis.arc.nasa.gov/lis/Programs/Cosmos/Cosmos_782/Cosmos_782.html|Cosmos 782}} NASA Ames Research Center

Category:Bion satellites Category:Kosmos satellites Category:Spacecraft launched in 1975 Category:1975 in spaceflight Category:1975 in the Soviet Union Category:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations Category:Romania–Soviet Union relations Category:Hungary–Soviet Union relations Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations Category:France–Soviet Union relations Category:Soviet Union–United States relations