'''Bio-electrospraying''' is a technology that enables the deposition of living cells on various targets with a resolution that depends on cell size and not on the jetting phenomenon. It is envisioned that "unhealthy cells would draw a different charge at the needle from healthy ones, and could be identified by the mass spectrometer", with tremendous implications in the health care industry.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Direct cell engineering reaches the jet age | journal=Materials Today | volume=10 | issue=6 | page=60 | year=2007 | doi=10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70159-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
The early versions of bio-electrosprays were employed in several areas of research, most notably self-assembly of carbon nanotubes.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=An advanced jet-based approach to processing nanotubes | journal=Physica E | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=17–26 | year=2006 | doi=10.1016/j.physe.2005.08.013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=A novel technique for forming self-assembled nanotube structures | journal=Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures | volume=14 | issue=1 | pages=67–81 | year=2006 | doi=10.1080/15363830500538524 | s2cid=136903955 }}</ref> Although the self-assembly mechanism is not clear yet, "elucidating electrosprays as a competing nanofabrication route for forming self-assemblies with a wide range of nanomaterials in the nanoscale for top-down based bottom-up assembly of structures."<ref>{{cite journal | author=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Self-assembled nanostructures via electrospraying | journal=Physica E | volume=33 | issue=2 | pages=398–406 | year=2006 | doi=10.1016/j.physe.2006.04.011 }}</ref> Future research may reveal important interactions between migrating cells and self-assembled nanostructures. Such nano-assemblies formed by means of this top-down approach could be explored as a bottom-up methodology for encouraging cell migration to those architectures for forming cell patterns to nano-electronics, which are a few examples, respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Electrospray self-assembly: An emerging jet-based route for directly forming nanoscaled structures | journal=Physica E | volume=40 | issue=9 | pages=2911–2915 | year=2008 | doi=10.1016/j.physe.2008.02.005 }}</ref>
After initial exploration with a single protein,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=R Pareta |author2=A Brindley |author3=MJ Edirisinghe |author4=SN Jayasinghe |author5=ZB Luklinska | title=Electrohydrodynamic atomization of protein (bovine serum albumin) | journal=Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine | volume=16 | issue=10 | pages=919–925 | year=2005 | doi=10.1007/s10856-005-4426-z | pmid=16167100 |s2cid=42213925 }}</ref> increasingly complex systems were studied by bio-electrosprays. These include, but are not limited to, neuronal cells,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Peter AM Eagles |author2=Amer N Quresh |author3=Suwan N. Jayasinghe | title=Electrohydrodynamic jetting of mouse neuronal cells | journal=Biochemical Journal | volume=394 | issue=2 | pages=375–378 | year=2006 | doi=10.1042/BJ20051838 | pmid=16393140 | pmc=1408668 }}</ref> stem cells,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Napachanok Mongkoldhumrongkul |author2=James M Flanagan |author3=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Direct jetting approaches for handling stem cells | journal=Biomedical Materials | volume=4 | issue=1 | article-number=015018 | year=2009 | doi=10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015018 | pmid=19193972 |s2cid=22508896 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Anil Abeyewickreme |author2=Albert Kwok |author3=Jean R. McEwan |author4=Suwan N. Jayasinghe | title=Bio-electrospraying embryonic stem cells: interrogating cellular viability and pluripotency | journal=Biomedical Materials | volume=4 | issue=1 | article-number=015018 | year=2009 | doi=10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015018 | pmid=19193972 |s2cid=22508896 }}</ref> and even whole embryos.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jonathan DW Clarke |author2=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Bio-electrosprayed multicellular zebrafish embryos are viable and develop normally | journal=Biomedical Materials | volume=3 | issue=1 | article-number=011001 | year=2008 | doi=10.1088/1748-6041/3/1/011001 | pmid=18458487 |s2cid=3365967 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Timothy J. Geach |author2=Napachanok Mongkoldhumrongkul |author3=Lyle B. Zimmerman |author4=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Bio-electrospraying living Xenopus tropicalis embryos: investigating the structural, functional and biological integrity of a model organism | journal=Analyst | volume=134 | issue=4 | pages=743–747 | year=2009 | doi=10.1039/b817827e | pmid=19305925 }}</ref> The potential of the method was demonstrated by investigating cytogenetic and physiological changes of human lymphocyte cells<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Helena Kempski |author2=Nicola Austin |author3=Amy Roe |author4=Steve Chatters |author5=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Pilot study to investigate the possibility of cytogenetic and physiological changes in bio-electrosprayed human lymphocyte cells | journal=Regenerative Medicine | volume=3 | issue=3 | pages=343–349 | year=2008 | doi=10.2217/17460751.3.3.343 | pmid=18462057 }}</ref> as well as conducting comprehensive genetic, genomic and physiological state studies of human cells<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Richard P. Hall |author2=Caroline M. Ogilvie |author3=Emma Aarons |author4=Suwan N. Jayasinghe | title=Genetic, genomic and physiological state studies on single-needle bio-electrosprayed human cells | journal=Analyst | volume=133 | issue=10 | pages=1347–1351 | year=2008 | doi=10.1039/b806901h | pmid=18810280 }}</ref> and cells of the model yeast ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Duncan Greig |author2=Suwan N Jayasinghe | title=Genomic, genetic and physiological effects of bio-electrospraying on live cells of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae | journal=Biomedical Materials | volume=3 | issue=3 | article-number=034125 | year=2008 | doi=10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034125 | pmid=18765897 |s2cid=5346587 }}</ref>
== See also == * Electrospray ionization
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Electric and magnetic fields in matter Category:Biological techniques and tools Category:Equipment