{{Short description|American murderer (1958–2018)}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Billy Ray Irick | image = Billy Irick.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1958|8|26}} | birth_place = Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|8|9|1958|8|26}} | death_place = Riverbend Maximum Security Institution, Tennessee, U.S. | criminal_status = Executed by lethal injection | penalty = Death (December 3, 1986) | conviction = First degree murder<br>Aggravated rape (2 counts) | victims = Paula Kay Dyer, 7 | date = April 15, 1985 }}
'''William Ray Irick''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|r|ɪ|k}} {{Respell|EYE|rik}}, August 26, 1958 – August 9, 2018) was an American convicted murderer from Tennessee who was sentenced to death and executed for the 1985 rape and murder of 7-year-old Paula Dyer in Knoxville. Irick, then aged 26, had been living with Dyer's family for over a year, and was babysitting five of the family's children (including Paula) on the night of the girl's murder. Irick was the first inmate executed in Tennessee in almost a decade.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Boucher|first1=Dave|last2=Satterfield|first2=Jamie|last3=Allison|first3=Natalie|title=Billy Ray Irick execution is first lethal injection in Tennessee since 2009|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113276107/billy-ray-irick-execution-is-first/|newspaper=The Jackson Sun|date=August 11, 2018|page=B2|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref>
== Background == Irick was born on August 26, 1958, in Knoxville, Tennessee. He allegedly suffered extensive abuse from his family from a young age, including one incident where a neighbor witnessed Irick's father clubbing him with a piece of lumber. His mental health was reportedly first questioned in March 1965, when he was only six. A psychological evaluation was subsequently performed at the request of his school's principal, owing to his "extreme behavioral problems."<ref name="Nashville Scene Feb 2018">{{cite news |author1=Steven Hale |title=Is Billy Ray Irick Fit for Execution? |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/features/article/20990901/is-billy-ray-irick-fit-for-execution |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=Nashville Scene |publisher=SouthComm, Inc. |date=1 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="WBIR detective">{{cite news |author1=Leslie Ackerson |author2=John North |title=Detective in death row inmate's case: 'How could you do that to a 7-year-old child?' |url=https://www.wbir.com/article/news/crime/detective-in-death-row-inmates-case-how-could-you-do-that-to-a-7-year-old-child/51-580272499 |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=wbir.com |publisher=WBIR-TV |date=3 August 2018 |location=Knoxville, TN}}</ref>
Nina Braswell Lunn, a clinical social worker, performed the subsequent evaluation of Irick when he was in the first grade. Lunn noted that he had shared stories with her about being tied up and beaten at home because his parents could not control him. Lunn later testified that Irick may have been suffering from mild organic brain damage since birth.<ref name="WFMY-TV">{{cite news |author1=Jim Matheny |title=7-Year-Old Paula Dyer's Murderer Billy Ray Irick Finally Executed In Tennessee |url=https://www.wfmynews2.com/article/news/crime/7-year-old-paula-dyers-murderer-billy-ray-irick-finally-executed-in-tennessee/83-578852287 |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=WFMY-TV |date=30 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="IB Times">{{cite news |author1=Susmitha Suresh |title=Who Was Billy Ray Irick? Tennessee Executes Pedophile 32 Years After Conviction |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/who-was-billy-ray-irick-tennessee-executes-pedophile-32-years-after-conviction-2707335 |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=International Business Times |publisher=IBT Media Inc. |date=10 August 2018}}</ref>
Irick was briefly institutionalized before being sent to an orphanage for emotionally disturbed children. During an arranged visit to his parents' home in 1972, Irick (then aged 13) reportedly hit the household's TV set with an axe of some description, destroyed flower beds, and cut up the pajamas his sister was wearing with a razor blade.<ref name="Nashville Scene Feb 2018" /><ref name="WFMY-TV" />
== Relationship with the Jeffers family == In 1983, while working as a dishwasher at a truck stop in Knoxville, Irick met and befriended Kenny Jeffers, an auto mechanic who lived in nearby Clinton. Jeffers later introduced Irick to Kathy, his wife whom he had married the previous year, and ultimately in 1984 Irick moved in with the couple and five of the eight children between them. (Seven of the children, including Paula Dyer, were the offspring of previous relationships, while the Jeffers' first child together was born in 1983.) Irick frequently babysat the children while the Jeffers parents worked long hours. At the start of April 1985, the family home in Clinton burned down, an ordeal during which Irick saved two of the boys from the burning building. Nobody was severely injured or killed during the fire; however, the family had to live in separate abodes as a result of difficulty in finding a house big enough for all eight of them. Thus, Irick moved to the Western Heights neighborhood with Kenny Jeffers, where they lived with Kenny's parents, while Kathy and the children moved to a small rental home on Exeter Avenue in Knoxville.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Lakin|first=Matt|date=August 8, 2018|title=Countdown to execution: Why it took over 30 years to execute Billy Ray Irick|work=Knoxville News Sentinel|url=https://knoxnews.com/story/news/crime/2018/08/08/timeline-billy-ray-irick-case-countdown-execution/926103002/|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref>
== Paula Dyer == '''Paula Kay Dyer''' (March 5, 1978 {{ndash}} April 16, 1985) was described by her mother as a positive young girl who saw the best in others and was extremely trusting of people. Her mother claimed that, when told she could not randomly try to hold hands with strangers, Paula replied with: "Why, mommy? Jesus loves everybody. Why can't I?"<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Matheny |first=Jim |date=22 July 2018 |title=Remembering Why: Rape and murder of 7-year-old Paula Dyer |work=WBIR |url=https://www.wbir.com/article/news/local/remembering-why-rape-and-murder-of-7-year-old-paula-dyer/51-576521173|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221118210021/https://www.wbir.com/article/news/local/remembering-why-rape-and-murder-of-7-year-old-paula-dyer/51-576521173|archive-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref>
Paula's kind personality quickly made a positive impression on the neighbors of their new home. Her mother recalled one instance of Paula befriending a next-door neighbor shortly after their arrival at the address, after presenting the neighbor with flowers she had picked from the flower beds at the very front of the house.<ref name=":1" />
=== Dyer's murder === On the morning of Monday, April 15, 1985, following an argument, Kathy Jeffers kicked Irick out of the Exeter Avenue home. That night, because the family's regular babysitter was unavailable, Kenny Jeffers dropped Irick off at the same house to babysit the children. When Kathy left for work at 10 pm, the children were asleep, and she felt uncomfortable leaving the children in Irick's care, on account of the argument earlier that day, Irick's behavior, and her suspicions that he had been drinking.<ref name=":1" />
At around midnight, Kenny Jeffers received a call from Irick, telling him to come because Irick was unable "to wake [Paula] up". Upon arriving at the Exeter Avenue address, Kenny found Irick standing in the doorway looking vacant, before finding Paula unconscious on the living room floor in a pool of her own blood. After finding a pulse, Kenny wrapped Paula in a blanket and took her to the nearest children's hospital, where a doctor attempted unsuccessfully for 45 minutes to revive her. The same doctor, Jim Kimball, pronounced Paula dead of asphyxiation in the early hours of April 16, 1985. She was 7 years old.<ref name=":1" />
At autopsy, Paula's cause of death was confirmed to be asphyxiation.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Lakin|first=Matt|date=August 8, 2018|title='He knew what he was doing:' Looking back on Paula Dyer's last day on Earth|work=Knoxville News Sentinel|url=https://knoxnews.com/story/news/crime/2018/08/08/paula-dyers-last-moments-and-billy-ray-iricks-countdown-execution/931268002/|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> In addition, the severe tears in her vagina and rectum were confirmed to be consistent with rape, as well as a head injury sustained during her ordeal being attributed to blunt force trauma that may have knocked her unconscious. As a result of Paula's murder, the Knoxville police department told the public on the morning of April 16 to be on the lookout for a man matching Irick's physical description. By 5 pm, Irick had been found and arrested beneath a bridge on I-275. Paula Dyer was buried on April 19 following a fundraising campaign by the community she had been part of for less than two weeks.<ref name=":1" />
== Legal proceedings and incarceration == Police testified that Irick readily confessed to murdering Paula Dyer, both verbally and in writing, and described his behavior as cooperative and remorseful. On April 17, 1985, Irick was arraigned in Dyer's murder, and was appointed two attorneys by a judge after he claimed that he planned to confess and thus did not want a lawyer.<ref name=":1" />
On October 26, 1986, Irick went on trial for killing Dyer. Six days later, on November 1, he was found guilty by a Knox County jury.<ref>{{cite news|last=Whatley|first=Clara|title=Man found guilty in rape, murder of 7-year-old|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113276061/man-found-guilty-in-rape-murder-of/|newspaper=The Knoxville News-Sentinel|date=November 2, 1986|page=15|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> The defense had launched a failed mental illness claim in an attempt to spare Irick from the death penalty. Irick's mother refused to testify for the defense. On December 3, 1986, that same jury sentenced Irick to death by electrocution, with a tentative execution date of May 4, 1987 (which was stayed).<ref>{{cite news|title=Stay of execution sought for Irick, scheduled to die May 4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113276391/stay-of-execution-sought-for-irick/|newspaper=The Knoxville News-Sentinel|date=April 17, 1987|page=11|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> Upon delivery of this verdict, Irick merely smiled and shrugged his shoulders.<ref>{{cite news|title=Man receives death sentence|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113276135/man-receives-death-sentence/|newspaper=Kingsport Times-News|date=November 5, 1986|page=12|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref>
== Execution == On March 28, 2017, the Tennessee Supreme Court (TNSC) upheld the lethal injection protocols adopted by the Tennessee Department of Correction (TDoC). Thus, on January 18, 2018, the TNSC scheduled Irick's execution for August 9, 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/upcoming-executions|title=Upcoming Executions {{!}} Death Penalty Information Center|website=deathpenaltyinfo.org|language=en|access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071223/https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/upcoming-executions|archive-date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> — his sixth execution date<!-- All of Irick's execution dates: 4 May 1987 (tentative, stayed) 15 January 1989 (tentative, stayed) 7 December 2010 (stayed) 15 January 2014 (stayed) 7 October 2014 (stayed) 9 August 2018 (executed) --> since arrival on death row. In July 2018, a bench trial was held in Nashville regarding a lawsuit against the TDoC and its execution protocol, filed by over half of the population of Tennessee's death row. On July 26, the chair of the bench, Davidson County Chancellor Ellen Hobbs Lyle, ruled in favor of the TDoC. On August 6, the TNSC refused to grant a stay of Irick's execution to allow an appeal of the ruling.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://tennessean.com/story/news/crime/2018/08/06/supreme-court-denies-stay-irick-execution-proceed/883766002/|title=Supreme Court denies stay of execution for Billy Ray Irick, set to die Thursday|work=The Tennessean|access-date=August 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref> That same day, Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam refused to intervene in Irick's case.<ref name=":3" />
Finally, on August 9, 2018, the day of his scheduled execution, 17 days before his 60th birthday, the United States Supreme Court refused to grant a stay of execution to Irick on the grounds of his mental health.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eu.tennessean.com/story/news/crime/2018/08/09/billy-ray-irick-tennessee-execution-supreme-court-ruling/941522002|title=U.S. Supreme Court will not stop Irick's execution; Sotomayor says we have 'accepted barbarism'|work=The Tennessean|access-date=August 9, 2018|language=en}}.</ref> Subsequently, Irick was executed via lethal injection at the Riverbend Maximum Security Institution that day. He was pronounced dead at 7:48 p.m.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/crime/2018/08/09/billy-ray-irick-tennessee-execution-lethal-injection/830253002/|title=Tennessee executes Billy Ray Irick, first lethal injection in state since 2009|date=August 9, 2018|work=The Tennessean|access-date=August 9, 2018|language=en}}</ref> Those at the scene reported Irick "strained, choked, and thrashed during the procedure".<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Brazer |first=Drew |date=Fall 2023 |title=Lethal Paralytics and the Censorship of Suffering |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/collsp57&i=15 |journal=Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems |volume=57 |pages=1–56}}</ref>
Irick's execution was the first in Tennessee since Cecil Johnson Jr. was executed on December 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Mike McPadden |title="I Just Want To Say I'm Really Sorry": Tennessee Executes Child Killer Billy Ray Irick - CrimeFeed |url=http://crimefeed.com/2018/08/i-just-want-to-say-im-really-sorry-tennessee-executes-child-killer-billy-ray-irick/ |website=CrimeFeed |publisher=Discovery Communications, LLC. |access-date=24 September 2018 |date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924033510/http://crimefeed.com/2018/08/i-just-want-to-say-im-really-sorry-tennessee-executes-child-killer-billy-ray-irick/ |archive-date=September 24, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Lethal injection controversy === In 2022, the execution of Oscar Franklin Smith was called off last minute by Governor Bill Lee due to a "technical oversight" in the lethal injection procedure. Lee suspended executions in Tennessee for the remainder of the year and ordered an independent review of the lethal injection procedure. During the investigation, it was learned that Tennessee had not followed its own policies for carrying out lethal injections since it resumed executions in 2018. Irick, and fellow death row inmate Donnie Johnson, were the only inmates who were executed via lethal injection since the resumption of executions in 2018.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last1=Keefe|first1=Josh|last2=Brown|first2=Melissa|date=May 26, 2022|title=Tennessee executed two inmates by lethal injection since 2018. It didn't follow its own rules in either one|work=The Tennessean|url=https://tennessean.com/story/news/investigations/2022/05/26/tennessee-death-row-lethal-injection-protocol-problems-independent-review-gov-bill-lee/9806784002/|access-date=May 27, 2022}}</ref>
In both Irick and Johnson's executions, it was reported that the execution team prepared two of the three lethal injection drugs too early. A pharmacist testified that doing this could affect a drug's "sterility and potency." A review conducted by ''The Tennessean'' which looked over thousands of pages of court records showed that Tennessee and its contractors had regularly deviated from the lethal injection protocol. As such, it was likely that the executions of Irick and Johnson were carried out using expired, compromised, or untested drugs.<ref name=":4" /> Not using the correct dosage of the drug results in a substantial amount of pain and suffocation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clayton |first=Tenia |date=2019 |title=Let's Gossip about Glossip: The Supreme Court's Misguided Adoption of an Unsurpassable Standard for Method of Execution Challenges under the Eighth Amendment |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/belmolre7&i=174 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=heinonline.org}}</ref> Because the process uses paralytics, it is difficult for the inmate's pain to be expressed and known, therefore making it hard to define it as "cruel or unusual punishment".<ref name=":5" />
== See also == * Capital punishment in Tennessee * List of people executed in Tennessee * List of people executed in the United States in 2018
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{s-start}} ! colspan="3" | Executions carried out in Tennessee {{s-bef|before=Cecil Johnson Jr.|before2=<div style="font-weight: normal">December 2, 2009</div>}} {{s-ttl|title=William Ray Irick|years=August 9, 2018}} {{s-aft|after=Edmund Zagorski|after2=<div style="font-weight: normal">November 1, 2018</div>}} |- ! colspan="3" | Executions carried out in the United States {{s-bef|before=Robert Van Hook – Ohio|before2=<div style="font-weight: normal">July 18, 2018</div>}} {{s-ttl|title=William Ray Irick – Tennessee|years=August 9, 2018}} {{s-aft|after=Carey Dean Moore – Nebraska|after2=<div style="font-weight: normal">August 14, 2018</div>}} {{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irick, Billy Ray}} Category:1958 births Category:2018 deaths Category:20th-century American murderers Category:1985 murders in the United States Category:21st-century executions by Tennessee Category:21st-century executions of American people Category:American murderers of children Category:American people executed for murder Category:American people convicted of rape Category:American people convicted of child sexual abuse Category:Executed people from Tennessee Category:People convicted of murder by Tennessee Category:People executed by Tennessee by lethal injection Category:People from Knoxville, Tennessee Category:American male criminals