Bijnor

{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Bijnor district|the village in Lucknow district|Bijnaur, Lucknow}} {{more citations needed|date=February 2016}} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox settlement | name = Bijnor | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Bijnor Railway Station.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = View of Bijnor railway station in Bijnor, UP | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh | coordinates = {{coord|29.37|N|78.13|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = Uttar Pradesh | subdivision_name2 = Bijnor | established_title =  | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_party = BJP | leader_title = MLA | leader_name = Suchi | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 225 | population_total = 115,381 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Language | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Minority Affairs|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | demographics1_info2 = Urdu<ref name="langoff"/> | demographics1_title3 = Native | demographics1_info3 = Khariboli | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | registration_plate = UP-20 | website = {{URL|www.bijnor.nic.in}} }}

'''Bijnor''' ({{IPA|hi|bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ}}) is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=bijn1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-seeks-to-include-6-districts-in-ncr/ UP seeks to include 6 districts in NCR], Indian Express.</ref>

==History== ===Indus Valley Civilization=== Alamgirpur, also called "Parasaram Ka Khera", is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along Yamuna River (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan-Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=bijn2>{{ Cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology | first = Amalananda | last = Ghosh | isbn = 978-9-00409-264-8 | publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | year = 1991}}</ref><ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)">{{Cite book | title = Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959) | chapter = Excavations at Alamgirpur | location = Delhi | publisher = Archaeological Survey of India | pages = 51–52 | editor = Amalananda Ghosh | editor-link = Amalananda Ghosh }}</ref> It is the easternmost site of the civilisation. It was partially excavated in 1958 and 1959 by Archaeological Survey of India, that found four cultural periods with intervening breaks; the earliest of them represented by a thickness of 6 feet, belonged to Harappan Culture. Although kiln burnt bricks were in evidence, no structure of this period was found, probably due to the limited nature of the excavations. Brick sizes were, 11.25 to 11.75 in. in length,5.25 to 6.25 in. in breadth and 2.5 to 2.75 in. in thickness; larger bricks averaged 14 in. x 8 in.x 4 in. which were used in furnace only.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)"/> Typical Harappan pottery was found and the complex itself appeared to be a pottery workshop. Ceramic items found included roof tiles, dishes, cups, vases, cubical dice, beads, terracotta cakes, carts and figurines of a humped bull and a snake.<ref name="Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)"/> There were also beads and possibly ear studs made of steatite paste, faience, glass, carnelian, quartz, agate and black jasper. Little metal was in evidence. However, a broken blade made of copper was found.<ref name=singh>{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Upinder | title = A history of ancient and early medieval India: from the Stone Age to the 12th century | year = 2008 | publisher = Pearson Education | location = New Delhi | isbn = 9788131711200 | pages = 214}}</ref>

===Medieval history=== King Bijli Pasi is credited as the founder of the city of Bijnor in Uttar Pradesh. Pasi consolidated his position when northern India was divided into several small states, before the fall of the mighty empires of the past.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Dipankar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgpEIb4tNjgC&q=bijli+pasi&pg=PA2045|title=Caste in Question: Identity Or Hierarchy?|date=8 December 2004|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3324-3|page=208|language=en}}</ref>

During the reign of Emperor Akbar, Bijnor was part of his Mughal Empire. During the early 18th century, the Rohilla Pashtuns established their independent fiefdom in the area called by the Rohilkhand. Around 1748, the Rohilla chief Ali Mohammed Khan made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted by Ali Mohammed Khan to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of the Ganges and at Delhi, receiving the title of Najib-ud-daula with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces. Marathas invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided with Ahmad Shah Abdali in Panipat, was made vizier of the empire.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bijnor |volume=3 |pages=928–929}}</ref>

==Geography== ===Climate=== {{Weather box | location = Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh | metric first = yes | single line = y | Jan high C = 20.8 | Feb high C = 23.7 | Mar high C = 29.6 | Apr high C = 35.9 | May high C = 39.5 | Jun high C = 38.7 | Jul high C = 34.4 | Aug high C = 33.4 | Sep high C = 33.6 | Oct high C = 32.6 | Nov high C = 27.9 | Dec high C = 22.5 | year high C = 31.1

| unit precipitation days =  | precip days colour = green  | Jan precipitation days =1.8 | Feb precipitation days =1.5 | Mar precipitation days =1.4 | Apr precipitation days =1.1 | May precipitation days =1.4 | Jun precipitation days =3.3 | Jul precipitation days =8.8 | Aug precipitation days =9.4 | Sep precipitation days =4.1 | Oct precipitation days =1.2 | Nov precipitation days =0.6 | Dec precipitation days =0.9 | year precipitation days =35.5

| source 1 = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web|title=Bijnor, India Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=596005&cityname=Bijnor-Uttar-Pradesh-India|website=Weatherbase}}</ref> }}

==Demographics== {{Historical population | source = <ref name="dchb a">{{cite book |title=District Census Handbook Bijnor Part-A|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh |location=Lucknow |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ac1dd209cbcc5e5d1c6e28598e8cbbe8/uploads/2021/05/2021051987.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|754–756}} | 1901 | 17583 | 1911 | 17439 | 1921 | 18095 | 1931 | 23520 | 1941 | 27900 | 1951 | 30646 | 1961 | 33821 | 1971 | 43290 | 1981 | 56713 | 1991 | 66486 | 2001 | 79346 | 2011 | 93297 }} As per the 2011 census, Bijnor urban agglomeration had a population of 115,381, including 60,656 males and 54,725 females. The effective literacy rate (7+ population) was 77.90 per cent.<ref name=bijdemo1>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 7 July 2012 }}</ref>

== Government and politics == Nagar Palika Parishad Bijnor is the local governing body of Bijnor city.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAGAR PALIKA PARISHAD, BIJNOR |url=https://bijnor.nic.in/nagar-palika-parishad-bijnor/ |website=District Bijnoe |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>

Bijnor district administration is headed by the district magistrate and collector (DM) of Bijnor, an IAS officer, who reports to the divisional commissioner of Moradabad. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the city. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city,<ref name=":222">{{Cite web|url=http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|title=CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP|website=Government of Uttar Pradesh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000649/http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx|archive-date=31 August 2017|url-status=live|access-date=30 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=New Delhi|pages=573–597|edition=6th}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=Noida|pages=6.1–6.6|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite book|title=Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar|last=Singh|first=G.P.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1993|isbn=978-8170993810|location=Delhi|pages=50–124}}</ref> and is assisted by two additional district magistrates and several other officers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Collectrate {{!}} Bijnor {{!}} India |url=https://bijnor.nic.in/collectrate/ |access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref>

Bijnor district comes under the Bareilly Police Zone and Moradabad Police Range. The district police is headed by a superintendent of police (SP), who is an IPS officer, and is assisted by two additional superintendents of police for city and east from the Provincial Police Service.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?bijnor&cd=NAA0ADAA|title=Officers posted at Bijnor|website=Uttar Pradesh Police|access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref> Each of the several police circles is headed by a circle officer in the rank of deputy superintendent of police.<ref name=":3" />

Bijnor has a District Court under the High Court of Judicature of Allahabad.<ref>{{cite web |title=District & Outlying Courts of Uttar Pradesh, India |url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/District/Bijnor.htm |website=www.allahabadhighcourt.in |access-date=26 October 2021}}</ref> The court is headed by the district judge of Bijnor, who is assisted by numerous additional district judges, civil judges and additional civil judges.

==In popular culture== * The Hindi drama series ''Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar'' was set in Bijnor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.in.com/tv/shows/dd-national-174/yahan-ke-hum-sikandar-18275.html|title=Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar|website=in.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721143212/http://www.in.com/tv/shows/dd-national-174/yahan-ke-hum-sikandar-18275.html|archive-date=21 July 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref>

== Notable people ==   * Asaf Ali, freedom fighter and first ambassador to United States of America * Abdur Rahman Bijnori, Indian Urdu poet and scholar * Marghubur Rahman, vice-chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband * Dushyant Kumar - Indian poet of modern Hindi literature

==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171226021230/http://www.bijnor.org/ Official Website] * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_198.gif Bijnor District at the Imperial Gazetteer of India] * [https://bijnortimes.com/ Bijnor Times]

Category:Bijnor Category:Cities and towns in Bijnor district