Biblis Tholus

{{short description|Martian volcano}} {{Infobox feature on celestial object |name = Biblis Tholus |image = [[File:Biblis Tholus THEMIS day IR 100m v11.jpg|240px]] |caption = [[Thermal Emission Imaging System|THEMIS]] daytime IR mosaic of Biblis Tholus. |coordinates = {{coord|2.55|N|235.62|E|globe:mars_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes = <ref name=gpn>{{gpn|14308}}</ref> |peak = 3 km }}

'''Biblis Tholus''' is an [[extinct volcano|extinct]] [[Mars|Martian]] [[volcano]] located at {{Coord|2.55|N|235.62|E|globe:mars_type:mountain_source:gpn}},<ref name=gpn/> one of two volcanoes near the center of the [[Tharsis]] volcanism. Along with [[Ulysses Tholus]], it is almost midway between [[Olympus Mons]] and the [[Tharsis Montes]]. Biblis Tholus lies in the [[Tharsis quadrangle]]. It is approximately {{convert|170|km|mi|sp=us}} long and {{convert|100|km|mi|sp=us}} wide, rising about {{convert|3|km|mi|sp=us}} from its surroundings.

In the middle of the volcano is a [[caldera]], named '''Biblis Patera''', believed to have formed as the result of collapse of the [[magma]] chamber during eruptions of the volcano.<ref name="Carr2006">{{cite book|author=Michael H. Carr|title=The surface of Mars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLHlJ6sjohwC|access-date=21 March 2011|year=2006|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-87201-0}}</ref> The caldera is {{convert|53|km|mi|sp=us}} in diameter and four kilometers (2.5 miles) in depth.

Image:Biblis Patera - topography map.png|Topography and location in Tharsis using [[Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter|MOLA]] data set.

Image:Biblis Patera from Mars Odyssey.JPG|Close-up of Biblis Patera taken with [[Mars Odyssey]]. Rim of crater shows multiple episodes of collapse.

Image:Ulysses Patera.JPG|Nearby Ulysses Tholus, showing its location in relation to other volcanoes (photo by [[THEMIS]]).

Image:Biblis Patera Pedestal Crater.JPG|Biblis Patera pedestal crater, as seen by [[HiRISE]].

Image:Pedestal crater3.jpg|Pedestal craters form when the ejecta from impacts protect the underlying material from erosion. As a result of this process, craters appear perched above their surroundings.

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==See also==

* [[Geography of Mars]] * [[HiRISE]] * [[Geology of Mars]] * [[List of mountains on Mars by height]] * [[Pedestal crater]] * [[Volcanoes on Mars]] * [[Volcanology of Mars]]

==References== {{commonscat|Biblis Tholus}} {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMKW9A5QCE_0.html Mars Express Page on Biblis Patera] *[http://www.google.com/mars/#lon=-113.378906&map=infrared&q=Biblis%20Patera Google Mars infrared view of Biblis Patera]

[[Category:Volcanoes of Mars]] [[Category:Mountains on Mars]] [[Category:Extinct volcanoes]] [[Category:Tharsis quadrangle]]