{{Short description|Hybrid overhead line-/fossil fuel engine-powered passenger train}} {{Distinguish|text = Diesel-electric multiple unit (DEMU)}} {{Multiple issues|section=| {{tone|date=September 2019}} {{missing information|the history and development of BMUs|date=September 2019}} }}
[[File:SNCF BGC.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|SNCF Class B 81500, an example of an electro-diesel multiple unit]] An '''electro-diesel multiple unit''' ('''EDMU''') or '''bi-mode multiple unit''' ('''BMU''') is a form of a multiple unit train that can be powered either by electric power picked up from the overhead lines or third rail (like an electric multiple unit – EMU) or by using an onboard diesel engine, driving an electric generator, which produces alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electric power (like a diesel-electric multiple unit – DEMU).<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=[UK] Greater Anglia: First FLIRT UK on the tracks for testing |url=https://railcolornews.com/2018/05/15/uk-greater-anglia-first-flirt-uk-on-the-tracks-for-testing/ |work=Railcolornews |date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bi-mode multiple unit – FLIRT |url=https://www.stadlerrail.com/media/pdf/feabmu0916e.pdf |publisher=Stadler |quote=The bi-mode units enable an interruption-free service on electrified and non-electrified lines. The necessary power is generated by diesel engines[…]. When running under catenary the diesel engines can be shut off}}</ref>
== List of EDMUs == {{expand section|date=September 2019}} ===Asia=== ====China==== China Railway CR200J-SG Fuxing high-speed train is a power-concentrated electro-diesel (bi-mode) multiple unit specifically designed for plateau operation. Each train consists of HXD1D-J electric locomotive (power car) at one end, FXN3-J two-unit diesel locomotive (two power cars) at another end, and 9 25-T passenger coaches between them. Electric and diesel power cars have their own independent traction motor systems, but can be operated from cabs of each other. HXD1D-J is a special version of HXD1D electric locomotive manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive and FXN3-J is a special version of a FXN3 locomotive manufactured by CRRC Dalian – both of them have changed body design and are adapted for joint operation as part of a train.<ref name=CR200JS-G>{{cite web|url=https://china-emu.cn/EMUs/Series/?detail-138-101-33.html|title=CR200JS-G|website=china-emu.cn|lang=Chinese}}</ref><ref name=CR200JS-G-video>{{cite web|url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1rN411Z7zU/|title=CR200JS-G (video)|website=bilibili.com}}</ref> These trains are served on Sichuan–Tibet railway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=秦岭山间舞小青——内电双源高原动车组宝天铁路精彩亮相|url=https://m.sohu.com/a/466417618_100231786/?pvid=000115_3w_a|date=14 May 2021|access-date=13 April 2022|website=sohu.com|language=Chinese}}</ref>
=== Oceania === ==== Australia ==== NSW TrainLink Regional Train Project has placed an order for 117 bi-mode R set carriages (1.5{{nbsp}}kV DC) to replace its diesel fleet of interstate and regional XPT, Xplorer and Endeavour trainsets to be delivered from Spain by CAF from 2023.
=== Europe === ====France==== [[File:B82500 Provins5.JPG|thumb|SNCF B 82500 BMU]] Bombardier has built dual-mode variants of its AGC series<ref name=BombMITRAC>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombardier.com/content/dam/Websites/bombardiercom/supporting-documents/BT/Bombardier-Transportation-ECO4-MITRAC_Hybrid-EN.pdf |title=MITRAC Hybrid The Dual Power Propulsion Chain |publisher=Bombardier }}</ref> for the French operator SNCF; the electricity is collected by means of a pantograph.
* B 81500 – multiple unit trains using {{nowrap|1.5 kV DC}} catenary. In service since 2005. * B 82500 – multiple unit trains using both {{nowrap|1.5 kV DC}} and {{nowrap|25 kV}} AC catenary. In service since October 2007. * Alstom Régiolis (B 83500, B 84500, B 85000, B 85900). In service since April 2014 (B 83500 and B 84500).
====Italy==== * BTR 813,<ref>{{in lang|it}} :it:Treno Bimodale Stadler BTR.813</ref> first electro-diesel version of the Stadler Flirt, service in the Valle d'Aosta region<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/first-electro-diesel-flirts-ordered.html|title=First electro-diesel Flirts ordered|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-date=2020-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126005153/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/first-electro-diesel-flirts-ordered.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> since October 2019.
====Netherlands==== * 18 bi-mode units of the Stadler WINK have entered service in 2021 with Arriva Netherlands. In addition to electric and diesel propulsion, these trains can also run on battery power.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treinenweb.nl/nieuws/8907/wink-treinen-van-arriva-gaan-12-april-officieel-in-de-dienstregeling-rijden.html|title=WINK-treinen van Arriva gaan 12 april officieel in de dienstregeling rijden}}</ref>
====Norway==== * 14 bi-modal variants of the Stadler Flirt trains, called {{ill|Norske Tog Class 76|no|Type_76_(motorvognsett)}}<ref name="stadler-ref76">{{cite web |url=https://www.stadlerrail.com/media/pdf/fnor0919e.pdf |title=Bi-mode Multiple Unit – FLIRT Nordic |publisher=Stadler Rail}}</ref> in Norway, held by the state owned Norske Tog and operated by the line operator SJ AB (as SJ Nord) entering service in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://railcolornews.com/2020/09/28/no-expert-bi-mode-flirt-for-norske-tog-leaving-the-stadler-factory/|title = [NO / Expert] Bi-mode Flirt for Norske Tog leaving the Stadler factory [updated]| date=28 September 2020 }}</ref> This class is used on the regional train services around Trondheim.
====Poland==== [[File:EN63H-003 88655 Kb-Sg.jpg|thumb|EN63H West Pomerian Voivodeship operated by Polregio]] * Newag Impuls is offered in electro-diesel (''hybrid'') version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hybrid Multiple Unit {{!}} NEWAG SA |url=https://www.newag.pl/en/offer/hybrydowy-zespol-trakcyjny-2/ |website=Newag |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> The first units were delivered to West Pomeranian Voivodeship and started regular revenue service in early 2021.<ref>{{cite news |author=ms |title=Pierwszy dwunapędowy Impuls 2 pojechał z pasażerami [zdjęcia] |trans-title=First bi-mode Impuls 2 carried passengers [photos] |website=Rynek Kolejowy |url=https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/pierwszy-dwunapedowy-impuls-2-pojechal-z-pasazerami-zdjecia-100582.html |access-date=14 July 2021 |date=21 January 2021 |lang=pl }}</ref>
==== Russia ==== * DT1 (ДТ1) Russian-gauge multiple unit. In service since 2009.
==== Spain ==== [[File:Talgo Serie 730 Híbrido Madrid - Ferrol.jpg|thumb|left|Renfe Class 730]] Renfe Class 730 – a bi-mode subversion of Renfe Class 130, a dual-gauge, dual-voltage high-speed power-concentrated electric multiple unit, a part of Talgo 250 family. In 2012, 15 original Class 130 trainsets were modified to Class 730 by replacing their end passenger coaches with diesel-generator cars. Each train consists of 13 cars, including 2 electric locomotive-like power cars, 2 diesel-generator cars and 9 passenger coaches.<ref name=Talgo250-Dual>{{cite web |title=Talgo 250 Dual |url=https://www.talgo.com/250-dual |website=talgo.com}}</ref> One train crashed in 2013, another 14 are still in use on Alvia services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renfe.es/alvia/alvia_preferente.html|title=Trayectos y Servicios - clase preferente|website=Renfe.es|lang=Spanish}}</ref> {{clear}}
====United Kingdom==== [[File:Westbury_-_GWR_802021%2B802014_leaving_for_London.JPG|thumb|left|British Rail Class 802]] Electro-diesel multiple units whose electricity source is {{nowrap|25 kV 50 Hz AC}} overhead line include:
* Hitachi-built British Rail Class 800, Class 802, Class 805 and Class 810 – high-speed multiple unit used by multiple train operating companies * British Rail Class 768 – multiple unit converted from Class 319 (with external dual-system/voltage support), for use by Rail Operations Group on parcel services. * British Rail Class 769 – multiple unit converted from Class 319 (with external dual-system/voltage support), for use on, Northern and Transport for Wales regional services. In service since November 2019. *Stadler-built British Rail Class 755 – multiple unit for use on Greater Anglia regional services. In service since July 2019 (755/4).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/2016/08/10/new-trains-as-abellio-scoops-east-anglia-franchise|title=New trains as Abellio scoops East Anglia franchise|magazine=Rail Magazine| date=8 October 2016| first=Andy| last=Roden}}</ref><ref>{{citation| url =https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-gives-green-light-for-more-state-of-the-art-intercity-trains| title = Government gives green light for more state-of-the-art intercity trains| publisher = Department for Transport| date = 18 July 2013}}</ref> Also, the Stadler-built British Rail Class 231 for Transport for Wales.
===North America=== [[File:New Haven 140 Unique Budd.jpg|thumb|New Haven #140 "Roger Williams", unique Budd railcar-based train at Danbury Railway Museum, Connecticut]] ====United States==== The following were retired from New York City service: * "Roger Williams" – streamlined 6-car lightweight DMU passenger train, built by Budd Company in 1956 for New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad; primarily diesel-hydraulic, third-rail electric mode for short-term use only. Three cars preserved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-26 |title=Classic Streamliners – “New Haven’s Roger Williams: Still Running Since 1956!” |url=https://chasewaterstuff.wordpress.com/2014/04/26/classic-streamliners-new-havens-roger-williams-still-running-since-1956/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326223438/https://chasewaterstuff.wordpress.com/2014/04/26/classic-streamliners-new-havens-roger-williams-still-running-since-1956/ |archive-date=2023-03-26 |access-date=2026-01-18 |work=Chasewaterstuff's Railway & Canal Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> * GE/Garrett gas turbine MUs – primarily electric, but built with gas turbines to allow operation outside of third rail electrification.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1980-09-05 |title=Dual-powered Gas Turbine/Electric (GT/E) Commuter Rail Cars: Final Report and Economic Evaluation |url=https://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/usdot/1980-dual-powered-gas-turbine-electric-gt-e-commuter-rail-cars-final-report-and-economic-evaluation-september.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422034406/https://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/usdot/1980-dual-powered-gas-turbine-electric-gt-e-commuter-rail-cars-final-report-and-economic-evaluation-september.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-22 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=libraryarchives.metro.net}}</ref> All scrapped. * United Aircraft Corporation TurboTrain - Streamlined gas turbine trains built for the New Haven (later Penn Central and Amtrak) and Canadian National (later VIA) railways. US examples built with third rail shoes to allow access to Grand Central Terminal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=loco-info.com - UAC TurboTrain |url=https://www.loco-info.com/view.aspx?id=15859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225191043/https://www.loco-info.com/view.aspx?id=15859 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=www.loco-info.com}}</ref>
====Mexico==== * X'Trapolis Tsíimin K'áak – 42 trains ordered for Tren Maya, 32 of which are EDMU<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fender |first1=Keith |title=Passenger equipment from Britain, US heads to Mexico |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/britain_u-s-_passenger_equipment_heads_to_mexico/ |website=Trains |access-date=24 November 2023 |date=5 September 2023}}</ref>
==See also== * Electro-diesel locomotive
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Railway electrification}}
Category:Multiple units Category:Hybrid_multiple_units Category:Long stubs with short prose
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