{{short description|German professor (1888–1961)}} {{Infobox person | name = Betty Heimann | image = Betty Heimann died 1961.jpg | nickname = | birth_name = Betty Heimann | birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|03|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Wandsbek, Germany | death_date = {{Death date and age|1961|05|19|1888|03|29|df=y}} | death_place =Sirmione, Italy | occupation = Indologist | spouse = | children = | alma_mater = Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg | website = }} '''Betty Heimann''' (29 March 1888, Wandsbek, Germany - 19 May 1961, Sirmione, Italy) was the first woman Indologist to habilitate in Germany. After the Nazis banned Jews from holding academic positions in Germany in 1933, she taught at the University of London and became a British citizen. After the end of World War II she founded the Department of Indian Philosophy and Sanskrit at the University of Ceylon.
She is included with early pioneers of comparative philosophy.<ref name="Mehta"/> Her major works include ''Studien zur eigenart Indischen denkens'' (1930), ''Indian and Western Philosophy: A Study in Contrasts'' (1937), and ''Facets of Indian Thought'' (1964). Her writings have been described as being "characterised by deep thought and refreshing originality."<ref name="Dandekar"/>
==Childhood== Betty Heimann was born on 29 March 1888. She was the youngest of six children of Isaac Heimann and his wife Margarethe (Levy) Heimann. Her father was a Jewish banker with Hartwig Hertz & Sons in Wandsbek, Germany.<ref name="Labouvie">{{cite book |last=Pohlus |first=Andreas |editor-last1=Labouvie |editor-first1=Eva |chapter= Heimann, Betty. Prof. Dr. phil.|title=Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt 2: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom 19. Jahrhundert bis 1945. |date=November 12, 2018 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=9783412511456 |pages=207–209 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wK54DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT207 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Schenk">{{cite book |editor-last1=Schenk |editor-first1=Günter |editor-last2=Meÿer |editor-first2=Regina |title=Humanismus, Sprache, Kultur (Philosophische Konzepte) [Texte imprimé]: Betty Heimann, Walther Kranz, Julius Stenzel und Rudolf Unger |date=2006 |publisher=Schenk |location=Halle |page=177}}</ref><ref name="Karttunen">{{cite web |last1=Karttunen |first1=Klaus |title=Persons of Indian Studies by Prof. Dr. Klaus Karttunen |url=https://whowaswho-indology.info/2905/heimann-betty/ |website=Who's who in Indology |date=14 February 2017 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> Her father died when she was ten. Her mother was noted for her beauty and was a leader of turn-of-the-century Hamburg society.<ref name="ArtAndLetters"/>
==Education== === State examinations === Heimann attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, Germany, completing a degree in 1913. She immediately began the study of classical philology, Indian philology and philosophy at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. In Kiel she studied with Paul Deussen (1845-1919)<ref name="Manjapra"/> and with Emil Sieg (1866-1951).<ref name="Labouvie"/>
Heimann also spent two semesters in Heidelberg.<ref name="Bohn">{{cite journal |last1=Bohn |first1=Ingrid |title=Wissenschaftlerinnen an der Christiana Albertina |journal=Demokratische Geschichte |date=2001 |volume=14 |issue=S |pages=15–54 |url=https://www.beirat-fuer-geschichte.de/fileadmin/pdf/band_14/Demokratische_Geschichte_Band_14_Essay_3.pdf |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> The preface to her book ''Facets of Indian Thought'' mentions the close relationship between Betty Heimann and historian Ruth von Schulze Gaevernitz, "her friend and spiritual companion since student days in Heidelberg".<ref name="Preface">{{cite book |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Facets of Indian Thought |url=https://archive.org/details/facetsofindianth0000heim |url-access=registration |date=1964 |publisher=Schocken Books; George Allen & Unwin |location=New York & London| editor-first1=Terence |editor-last1=Gervais|editor-first2=Ruth |editor-last2=von Schulze Gaevernitz |editor-first3=Hilde |editor-last3=Wolpe}}</ref>
In 1918 Betty Heimann sat for state examinations in classical philology and philosophy, and graduated summa cum laude.<ref name="Labouvie"/>
=== Dissertation === From 1919 to 1921 Heimann continued her studies, specializing in Indian philosophy and Sanskrit. Her teachers included Hermann Oldenberg at the University of Göttingen, Hermann Jacobi at the University of Bonn, and Sten Konow at the University of Hamburg.<ref name="Labouvie"/>
On 4 January 1921 she successfully submitted her dissertation to Emil Sieg at the University of Kiel, receiving her doctorate.<ref name="Labouvie"/> For her dissertation she translated into German and edited a bhashya or commentary by Madhva on the Katha Upanishad.<ref name="Winternitz">{{cite book |last1=Winternitz |first1=Maurice |title=A history of Indian literature |date=January 13, 2010 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-8120802643 |page=535 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql0BmInD1c4C&pg=PA535 |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Dissertation">{{cite book |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Madhvas (Anandatirthas) Kommentar zur Kathaka-Upanisad. Sanskrit-Text in Transkription nebst Übersetzung und Noten (Dissertation) |date=1921 |publisher=Harrassowitz |location=Leipzig |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015070301521;view=1up;seq=5}}</ref>
She accepted a position as an assistant and librarian to the professor of classical Semitic studies in Kiel from 1921 to 1923.<ref name="UWIND">{{cite web |title=Dr. Betty Heimann |url=http://uwind.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/en/fm13-dab-detail-en/98 |website=University Women's International Networks Database |access-date=31 December 2018 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010132314/http://uwind.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/en/fm13-dab-detail-en/98 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Felix Jacoby was a professor of classics at Kiel<ref name="CAU">{{cite web |title=Famous scholars from Kiel: Felix Jacoby Historian, Professor of Classical Philology in Kiel from 1907 to 1935 |url=https://www.uni-kiel.de/grosse-forscher/index.php?nid=jacoby&lang=e |website=CAU |access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> and Friedrich Otto Schrader became a professor of indology there in 1921.<ref name="Killy">{{cite book |last1=Killy |first1=Walther |last2=Vierhaus |first2=Rudolf |title=Dictionary of German biography (DGB) |date=2005 |publisher=K.G. Saur |isbn=978-3598232909 |page=127|volume=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-hrRQvGV7sC&pg=PA128 |access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>
=== Habilitation === Heimann apparently returned to Heidelberg in 1922-1923, where she presented a possible habilitation topic to the Faculty of Arts. However, the majority of the faculty rejected her application for ''Venia legendi'', the right to teach.<ref name="Bohn"/>
Heimann moved to the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (University of Halle) as of 1921 and habilitated there in Indology on 1 November 1923, with Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch (1857-1927). Her topic was ''Die Entwicklung des Gottesbegriffes der Upaniṣaden'' (The development of the concept of God in the Upanishads).<ref name="Karttunen"/><ref name="Labouvie"/> Betty Heimann was the first woman academic at Halle,<ref name="Lechler">{{cite book |last1=Lechler |first1=Maike |title=International Conference on the Humanities and the Social Sciences (I CHSS ) - 2018|chapter= Betty Heimann (1888-1961) – the founding professor of Sanskrit and Indian philosophy at the University of Ceylon: a critical survey of her biography and career in Germany |date=2018 |pages=5–8 |chapter-url=https://arts.pdn.ac.lk/ichss/content/ichss2018-proceedings.pdf |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> and the first woman indologist to habilitate in Germany.<ref name="Karttunen"/>
==Teaching and research== === University of Halle=== As of 1923 Betty Heimann was the first woman to be a private lecturer at Halle.<ref name="UWIND"/> Her appointment was reported in the local newspaper, ''Hallische Nachrichten'' on 19 January 1924.<ref name="Street"/> In the course of her studies, her interests had shifted from Indian philology to Indian philosophy, which she saw as influenced by the particular geographic and climatic conditions of India.<ref name="Wen">{{cite book |last1=Wen |first1=Robert K. |title=Philosophy: one man's overview |date=April 28, 2014 |publisher=iUniverse Com |isbn=978-1491728826 |page=200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASN0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Heimann1961">{{cite journal |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Within the Framework of Indian Religion the Main Dogma of Buddhism |journal=Numen |date=January 1961 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages= 1–11 |doi=10.2307/3269390 |jstor=3269390 }}</ref> She used the linguistic methodology she had learned from philology as a way of approaching philosophical questions.<ref name="Verfolgte">{{cite web |title=Heimann, Betty |url=http://zflprojekte.de/sprachforscher-im-exil/index.php/catalog/h/249-heimann-betty |website=Verfolgte deutschsprachige Sprachforscher |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> Both her methods and her ideas were innovative.<ref name="Lechler"/><ref name="Verfolgte"/> As of 1 April 1926 she was appointed to a special lectureship for Indian philosophy at the University of Halle.<ref name="UWIND"/><ref name="Street"/>
Betty Heimann was the president of the Halle chapter of the International Federation of University Women (IFUW) and formed connections between the Halle chapter and the British Federation of University Women (BFUW) in London.<ref name="Oertzen"/><ref name="Sondheimer">{{cite book |last1=Sondheimer |first1=J.H. |title=History of the British Federation of University Women 1907–1957 |location=London |publisher=British Federation of University Women |date=1958 |page=32}}</ref> In 1930 she received a prize for the best scientific work by a woman from the IFUW for her research work "Studium der Eigenart indischen Denkens" (Study of the Character of Indian Thinking).<ref name="Hamburg">{{cite web |title=Betty Heimann |url=https://www.hamburg.de/clp/frauenbiografien-suche/clp1/hamburgde/?BIOID=3571&qR=H |website=Hamburg.de |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Oertzen">{{cite book |last1=Oertzen |first1=Christine von |title=Science, gender, and internationalism: women's academic networks, 1917-1955 |date=April 30, 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-43890-4 |pages=6–8, 127–151 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CX8YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130 |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
As of 11 August 1931 Betty Heimann was appointed as an associate professor (professor extraordinarius) at the University of Halle, filling a position previously held by Eugen Hultzsch.<ref name="Labouvie"/><ref name="UWIND"/> She was able to use the Senior International Fellowship which she had received from the IFUW to go to India,<ref name="Oertzen"/><ref name="UWIND"/> where she traveled from October 1931 to June 1932.<ref name="Labouvie"/>
=== Anti-Jewish measures === Even before 1933 Heimann was exposed to the hostility of her colleagues because she was Jewish and female.<ref name="Lechler"/> On 7 April 1933 the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service in Germany was passed, banning Jews from holding public positions, including teaching positions.<ref name="Manjapra">{{cite book |last1=Manjapra |first1=Kris |title=Age of Entanglement: German and Indian Intellectuals Across Empire |date=Jan 6, 2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674725140 |pages=86–87, 251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8YXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Stackelberg">{{cite book |last1=Stackelberg |first1=Roderick |last2=Winkle |first2=Sally A. |title=The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts |chapter=Article 1 First Regulation for Administration of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service |date=15 April 2013 |publisher=Routledge |chapter-url=https://studylib.net/doc/8224545/the-nazi-germany-sourcebook--an-anthology-of-texts |access-date=30 December 2018 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508010940/https://studylib.net/doc/8224545/the-nazi-germany-sourcebook--an-anthology-of-texts |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Freidenreich">{{cite book |last1=Freidenreich |first1=Harriet Pass |title=Female, Jewish, and educated: the lives of Central European university women |date=2002 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0253340993}}</ref>
Heimann had spoken out against Nazi policy on racial issues, and was denounced at the Ministry of Culture in Berlin for commenting as a Jew on the worthlessness of racial purity.<ref name="Street"/> She was placed on a list of targets of the Amtsgruppe IIIA1 as an undesirable.<ref name="FWR">{{cite web |title=Hitler's Black Book - information for Doctor Betty Heimann |url=https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/hitlers-black-book/person/381/doctor-betty-heimann |website=Forces War Records |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
In September 1933, Heimann traveled to London, where she was invited to give a report about her trip to India to the International Federation of University Women (IFUW). <ref name="Street">{{cite web |title=Betty-Heimann-Straße |url=https://www.buergerstiftung-halle.de/projekte/bildung-im-voruebergehen/strasse/betty-heimann-strasse/ |website=Bildung im Vorübergehen |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Labouvie"/> As of September 7, 1933, her professorship at the University of Halle was revoked under the terms of the ban on Jewish academics. She received the news while in England.<ref name="Manjapra"/><ref name="Labouvie"/>
=== Emigration to England ===
Heimann did not return to Germany, but emigrated to England. She was able to live at Crosby Hall in London, a residence for visiting university women, run by the British Federation of University Women (BFUW). In 1934 Heimann was one of the first recipients of an emergency German Scholar Residential Fellowship from a fund raised by the BFUW. She was able to obtain work teaching Indian philosophy on a freelance basis at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Subsequent short-term awards from the BFUW enabled her to make ends meet while re-establishing herself.<ref name="Oertzen"/>{{rp|130–131}}
In the Lent term, 1936, she was invited to present the Forlong fund lectures at the School of oriental studies, University of London, with support from the Royal Asiatic Society. The lectures informed her book ''Indian and western philosophy; a study in contrasts'' (1937).<ref name="Contrasts">{{cite book |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Indian And Western Philosophy – A study in Contrasts |date=1937 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin |location=London|isbn=9781406711882|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/indianandwestern032274mbp/page/n11 |chapter=Preface}}</ref> The book reveals "her long and serious consideration of the differences between these two cultures".<ref name="Gustafson">{{cite book |last1=Gustafson |first1=James M. |title=Ethics from a theocentric perspective |date=1983 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=9780226311111 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWVp3yHhfToC&pg=PA89 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> In it, she argues that Western and Indian philosophies are grounded in fundamentally different worldviews that must be understood in their own terms. Western thought tends to regard man as both central and superior to the natural world, while Indian thought tends to regard man on terms of equality with nature and with other creatures.<ref name="Gustafson"/> Heimann brought to the study of Hinduism "not only specialized Indological expertise but also a comprehensive general knowledge and a great deal of empathy".<ref name="Survey">{{cite book |last1=Klostermaier |first1=A Survey of Hinduism |title=A survey of Hinduism |date=1994 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470817 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avYkrkSmImcC&pg=PA27}}</ref>
This work has led her to be included with early pioneers of comparative philosophy, Rudolf Otto, Georg Misch, Paul Masson-Oursel and Walter Ruben.<ref name="Mehta">{{cite journal |last1=Mehta |first1=J. L. |title=Heidegger and the Comparison of Indian and Western Philosophy |journal=Philosophy East and West |date=July 1970 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=303–317 |doi=10.2307/1398312 |jstor=1398312 }}</ref>
{{blockquote|India forces us to give up our own modes of thought if we wish to get near her... All our finest instruments, contrived for the dissection of Western thought, in this case, refuse to do their work.|Betty Heimann<ref name="Idee">{{cite journal |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Die Idee der Schöpfung in der vedischen Literatur. By Karl A. Scharbau. Eine religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung über den frühindischen Theismus. 9½ × 6½, pp. x + 176|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |date=1932|volume=68|issue=1|pages=97–101 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00076413 |s2cid=164040325 |url=https://archive.org/stream/journalroyalasi05irelgoog/journalroyalasi05irelgoog_djvu.txt |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>|title=|source=}}
For some time she held a half-time position in the Department of Indian Philosophy at the University of London, which was created specifically for her.<ref name="Oertzen"/>{{rp|164}} She continued to write and present at conferences. She gave a paper on "Deutung und Bedeutung indischer Terminologie" at the International Congress of Orientalists in Rome in 1935,<ref name="Karttunen"/><ref name="Deutung">{{cite book |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |chapter=Deutung und Bedeutung indischer Terminologie |title=Atti del XIX Congresso Intern. degli Orientalisti Roma 1935 |date=1938|place=Rome |pages=284–297}}</ref> and an address on "Plurality, Polarity, and Unity in Hindu Thought: A Doxographical Study" at the International Congress of Orientalists in Brussels on September 8, 1938.<ref name="Plurality">{{cite journal |last1=Heimann |first1=Betty |title=Plurality, Polarity, and Unity in Hindu Thought: A Doxographical Study |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |date=24 December 2009 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=1015–1021 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00135128 |s2cid=170183041 }}</ref> She may also have lectured at the University of Oxford.<ref name="Bohn"/>
In 1939, Betty Heimann acquired British citizenship.<ref name="UWIND"/> After World War II in 1946 she was appointed as a full-time senior lecturer, Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy in the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.<ref name="Oertzen"/>{{rp|164}}
Among her friends in England were Stella Kramrisch, Heinrich Zimmer,<ref name="Kramrisch">{{cite book |last1=Kramrisch |first1=Stella |last2=Stoler Miller |first2=Barbara |title=Exploring India's Sacred Art: Selected Writings of Stella Kramrisch |date=May 1, 1983 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |place=Delhi |isbn=978-8120812086 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxPeWwFz9MkC&pg=PA18 |access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> and Penelope Chetwode.<ref name="Chetwode">{{cite journal |last1=Chetwode |first1=Penelope |title=Temple Architecture in Kulu |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Arts |date=1968 |volume=116 |issue=5147 |pages=924–946 |jstor=41371969 }}</ref> Kramrisch described Heimann as "a refugee Professor of Sanskrit from Heidelberg".<ref name="Kramrisch"/><ref name="Handurukande"/> The preface to ''Facets of Indian Thought'' also mentions Ruth Gaevernitz, Terence Gervais, "her partner in philosophical discussion" and Dr. Hilde Wolpe, "her inspired helper and secretary."<ref name="Preface"/>
=== University of Ceylon === From 1945 to 1949 Heimann was a professor at the University of Ceylon in Colombo, Ceylon (later the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka). Heimann was the founding head of the Department of Sanskrit at the university.<ref name="Tilakasiri">{{cite book |last1=Tilakasiri |first1=Jayadeva |last2=Palihawadana |first2=Mahinda |last3=Weeratunge |first3=S. |title=Abhinandana: Papers on Indology, Buddhism, and Fine Arts: a Felicitation Volume Presented to Jayadeva Tilakasiri on His Seventieth Birthday |date=1991 |publisher=Felicitation Volume Editorial Committee |pages=ix–x |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoQYAAAAYAAJ |access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref> She was the first professor of Sanskrit and the first woman professor at the University of Ceylon.<ref name="Oertzen"/>{{rp|164}} In 1945, she led a delegation from the University of Ceylon to the Indian Philosophical Congress. Heimann worked hard to popularise the department. Expansion of the department under her direction was attributed in large part to her "remarkable energy".<ref name="Handurukande"/> She had to retire once she reached the mandated retirement age of 60 in 1948.<ref name="Oertzen"/>{{rp|164}}<ref name="Handurukande">{{cite journal |last1=Handurukande |first1=Ratna |title=Orientalia in the University |journal=The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities |date=1991 |volume=XVII & XVIII |pages=266–340 |publisher=University of Peradeniya |url=http://dlib.pdn.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2279 |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> Her successor as professor of Sanskrit was O. H. de A. Wijesekera, who had been one of her students at the University of London.<ref name="Kariyawasam">{{cite news |last1=Kariyawasam |first1=A. G. S. |title=A world class oriental scholar from Sri Lanka |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2004/01/30/fea03.html |access-date=3 January 2019 |work=Daily News |date=30 January 2004}}</ref>
Ceylon University College was formally opened in 1921 in Colombo, Ceylon, and was affiliated with the University of London. The College formed the nucleus of the University of Ceylon, officially created in 1942. As of 1948, Ceylon achieved political independence and became Sri Lanka. Betty Heimann therefore worked at the University of Ceylon, in Colombo, Ceylon, which became Colombo, Sri Lanka.<ref name="Colombo">{{cite journal |title=History of the faculty of arts |journal=University of Colombo, Sri Lanka Newsletter |date=April 2009 |volume=2 |issue=2 |url=https://www.cmb.ac.lk/wp-content/uploads/UOC-Newsletter-Vol-2-No-2.pdf |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>
Although the University of Ceylon was the only university in Ceylon from 1942 to 1972, it had departments in various satellite locations. Between 1952 and 1963, the faculty of Oriental Studies and Arts was located in Peradeniya. Beginning in 1963, courses were offered in both Peradeniya and Colombo. The University of Ceylon Act No. 1 of 1972 replaced the University of Ceylon with the University of Sri Lanka, which existed from 1973 to 1978. In 1978 the University of Sri Lanka was separated into four independent universities. One was in Peradeniya. Another was the University of Colombo, at the original location of Ceylon University College and the University of Ceylon. Although Heimann figures in the common history of both institutions, it can be argued that she did not, technically speaking, teach at either.<ref name="Colombo"/>
===Retirement=== Having left the University of Ceylon, Betty Heimann returned to England. She continued to write and publish.<ref name="Oertzen"/> In 1954, she spoke at the Twenty-third International Congress of Orientalists at Cambridge. Her presentation, "Hindu Thought in Illustrations. A Primer of Visual Philosophy", used lantern slides to visually demonstrate concepts and systems from Hindu philosophy. She suggested that the emphasis on empirically "seeing" truth in Indian philosophy made this form of presentation particularly effective. Her intention was to publish a ''Primer of Visual Philosophy'',<ref name="Dandekar">{{cite journal |last1=Dandekar |first1=R. N. |title=Proceedings of the twenty-third International Congress of Orientalists |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |date=1954 |volume=35 |issue=1/4 |pages=i–xxviii |jstor=41784971 }}</ref> a project that was still in manuscript form at her death.<ref name="Preface"/>
Among Heimann's friends in Germany were Halle sculptor Grete Budde and her husband Werner Budde. Werner Budde acted legally on Haimann's behalf while she was absent from Germany. Grete Budde sculpted a portrait bust of Betty Heimann, which was eventually given to the University of Halle.<ref name="Street"/><ref name="Bohn"/>
According to one account, as of 1957, Heimann was appointed by the University of Halle as a full professor,<ref name="Manjapra"/> effective retroactively from 1935 onwards, which would have qualified her for a full pension.<ref name="Karttunen"/> It has been suggested that this story may be apocryphal.<ref name="Bohn"/> A street on the University of Halle campus is named after Betty Heimann.<ref name="Street"/>
On 19 May 1961 Betty Heimann died of a heart attack in Sirmione, Italy near Lake Garda.<ref name="ArtAndLetters">{{cite journal |last1=Chetwode (Mrs. John Betjeman) |first1=Penelope |title=Professor Betty Heimann |journal=Art and Letters: An Illustrated Review |date=1961 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=21–22}}</ref> Her obituary, in the magazine ''Purana'', concludes "Hail! May you attain the eternal abode of the Supreme Brahman, beyond all darkness".<ref name="Obituary">{{cite journal |title=Late Prof. Betty Heimann |journal=Purana |date=1961 |volume=III |issue=2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/puranavoliiiandi015192mbp/page/n305 296] |url=https://archive.org/details/puranavoliiiandi015192mbp |access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref>
The manuscript for her ''Facets of Indian Thought'' (1964) was edited and published posthumously by Ruth Gaevernitz, Terence Gervais, and Hilde Wolpe.<ref name="Preface"/> Her work on visual philosophy remained unpublished.<ref name="Dandekar"/>
==Selected works== * ''[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015070301521;view=1up;seq=5 Madhvas (Anandatirthas) Kommentar zur Kathaka-Upanisad. Sanskrit-Text in Transkription nebst Übersetzung und Noten]'' (Diss., Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1921) * ''Die Tiefschlafspekulation der alten Upanisaden''. München-Neubiberg: Schloss 1922.<ref name="Franke">{{cite journal |last1=Franke |first1=R. Otto |title=Heimann, Betty, Die Tiefschlafspekulation der alten Upanisaden: Rezension |journal=Theologische Literaturzeitung |date=1924 |volume=49 |issue=3 |page=52 |url=http://idb.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/opendigi/thlz_049_1924#p=36 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> * ''Die Entwicklung des Gottesbegriffes der Upaniṣaden'' (1926) * ''Studien zur eigenart Indischen denkens''. Tübingen: Mohr, 1930. * ''[https://archive.org/details/indianandwestern032274mbp/page/n7 Indian and western philosophy: a study in contrasts]''. London: G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 1937. * ''India's past: a key to India's present''. Rugby, Eng.: Printed for D. Thomas by A. Frost & sons, ltd., 1944. * ''The significance of prefixes in Sanskrit philosophical terminology''. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1951. * ''Facets of Indian Thought''. Posthumously edited by Terence Gervais, Ruth von Schulze Gaevernitz, and Hilde Wolpe. New York: Schocken Books; London: George Allen & Unwin, 1964. * ''An Indiens Tempelstätten: Fotoimpressionen der Indologin Betty Heimann; [Begleitpublikation zur gleichnamigen Ausstellung im Linden-Museum Stuttgart ...]'' (At India's temple sites: Photo impressions of the Indologist Betty Heimann; [Accompanying publication to the exhibition of the same name in the Linden-Museum Stuttgart ...) Stuttgart: Linden-Museum, 2003
==Relations== Betty Heimann (1888-1961) had a cousin of the same name. Betty Heimann (1885-1926) received her doctorate in 1916 under sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel in Strasbourg and taught at the University of Utrecht.<ref name="Albrecht">{{cite book |editor-last1=Albrecht |editor-first1=Andrea |editor-last2=Löschner |editor-first2=Claudia |title=Käte Hamburger: Kontext, Theorie und Praxis |date=28 August 2015 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783050064031 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRtpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Heimann, Betty}} Category:1888 births Category:1961 deaths Category:German Indologists Category:University of Kiel alumni Category:University of Halle alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Kiel Category:Academic staff of the University of Halle Category:Academics of SOAS University of London Category:Academic staff of the University of Ceylon Category:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Category:20th-century German philologists Category:People educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums Category:People from Wandsbek