{{Short description|DC Comics superhero}} {{Infobox comics set and title|code_name=Doctor Mid-Nite|publisher=DC Comics|debut=''All-American Comics'' #25 (April 1941)|creators=Charles Reizenstein<br>Stanley Josephs Aschmeier|characters=Charles M. McNider<br>Beth Chapel<br>Pieter Anton Cross|date=February, 1999 - April, 1999|issues=3|limited=y|writers=Matt Wagner|artists=John K. Snyder III|image=File:Doctor_Midnites_(DC_Comics).png|caption=Incarnations of Doctor Mid-Nite. From left to right: Charles McNider, Pieter Cross, and Beth Chapel.}}
'''Doctor Mid-Nite''' (or '''Doctor Midnight''') is the name of several superheroes published in American comic books by DC Comics.<ref name="Guide">{{cite book |last1=Cowsill |first1=Alan |last2=Irvine |first2=Alex |last3=Korte |first3=Steve |last4=Manning |first4=Matt |last5=Wiacek |first5=Win |last6=Wilson |first6=Sven |title=The DC Comics Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide pto the Characters of the DC Universe |date=2016 |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1-4654-5357-0 |page=92}}</ref> With the original version debuting in ''All-American Comics'' #25 (April 1941) and created by writer Charles Reizenstein and artist Stanley Josephs Aschmeier, all versions of the character are commonly portrayed as re-occurring members of the Justice Society of America, blind legacy heroes with night vision powers, and serves as premier physicians to various affiliated teams and superheroes in the DC Universe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-18 |title=DC Infnite Encyclipedia: Doctor Mid-Nite |url=https://www.dcuniverseinfinite.com/encyclopedia/doctor-mid-nite/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618061944/https://www.dcuniverseinfinite.com/encyclopedia/doctor-mid-nite/ |archive-date=2021-06-18 |access-date= |website=DC Infinite Encyclopedia}}</ref>
The first and original version is '''Charles McNider''', an American surgeon who was blinded following an explosion while performing surgery on an important witness targeted by a mobster. Although blinded, he eventually discovers he can see in complete darkness and constructs modified goggles to help regain some of his sight, devised special "black out bombs" able to blind his enemies while seeing in total darkness, and becomes a costume superhero as an important member of the Justice Society of America and All-Star Squadron.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Various |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBV_DwAAQBAJ |title=Who's Who: The Definitive Directory of the DC Universe (1985-) #6 |date=2019-01-03 |publisher=DC Comics |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Beatty |first=Scott |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/DC_Encyclopedia_New_Edition/-uVjEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=DC+Encyclopedia+New+Edition&printsec=frontcover |title=DC Encyclopedia New Edition |last2=Brooks |first2=Dan |date=2026-03-03 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=979-8-217-30453-0 |language=en}}</ref> McNider was also once a bearer of the '''Starman''' name. In modern stories, the character in his later years retires and mentors physicians who would eventually succeed him but is eventually killed by the super-villain, Extant.<ref name=":42" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lemire |first=Jeff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/JSA_Vol_2_RAGNAROK/D8KK0QEACAAJ?hl=en |title=JSA Vol. 2: RAGNAROK |date=2026-02-10 |publisher=DC Comics |isbn=978-1-7995-0607-2 |language=en}}</ref>
The second version of the character is '''Beth Chapel''', a African-American physician who is McNider's first protege and is similarly blinded in an explosion while operating on a patient but can also see in darkness. Uncovering her mentor's identity as Doctor Mid-Nite, she also adopts the codename and serves as both a physician and leading scientific expert in Infinity, Inc. and the Justice Society of America. Undergoing a comic book death, the character was resurrected in 2023 and continues to serve as a member of the Justice Society.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Various |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NaQEAAAQBAJ |title=Who's Who Omnibus Vol. 1 |date=2021-04-13 |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=978-1-77950-599-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":42" />
After Chapel's first death and prior to her resurrection, the third version of the character is '''Pieter Cross''', a Norwegian medical prodigy delivered by McNider as a baby after saving his mother's life from an attack. He graduates from Harvard Medical School at nineteen and is mentored by McNider. Blinded in an accident set by drug dealers for investigating a drug called A39, a variation of Venom first developed by Bane, he also miraculously possessed the power to see in darkness and became a superhero to both bring justice to the dealers and to aid both Justice Society and heroes alike, having opened up his own clinic for superheroes and acted as a mentor for the third Blue Beetle.<ref name=":42" /><ref name="dc-ency" /> In recent publications, Chapel and Cross serve in the role concurrently.<ref name=":42" />
Doctor Mid-Nite has made several appearances in media adaptations, most notably the Charles McNider version making his live action debut in the second season of ''Legends of Tomorrow'' played by Kwesi Ameyaw. McNider also appears in ''Stargirl'', portrayed by Henry Thomas in season one and Alex Collins in season two. Beth Chapel also appears in the series, portrayed by Anjelika Washington.
== Publication history == {{Expand section|date=March 2026}} The original version of the character debuted in ''All-American Comics'' #25 (April 1941), created by Charles Reizenstein and Stanley Aschmeier.<ref name="dc-ency">{{Citation |last=Greenberger |first=Robert |title=The DC Comics Encyclopedia |page=104 |year=2008 |editor-last=Dougall |editor-first=Alastair |contribution=Doctor Mid-Nite I & II |place=New York |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-7566-4119-1 |oclc=213309017 |author-link=Robert Greenberger}}</ref>
==Characterization== While each Doctor Mid-Nite have different backgrounds, all possess an uncanny common history in being physicians blinded in accidents but possess metahuman powers to see in total darkness, serving as premier medical physicians and scientific specialists.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":42" />
== Fictional character biographies ==
=== Charles McNider === {{Main|Charles McNider}} {{Comics character list header|species=Metahuman|teams=Justice Society of America<br/>Justice League|abilities=* Night vision * Expert scientific expert, physician, and skilled author * Capable athlete and peak human conditiioning|alias='''Starman'''}}'''Charles McNider''' is a surgeon who is enlisted to remove a bullet from a witness set to testify against mobsters. Mobster Killer Maroni throws a grenade into the room, killing the witness and blinding McNider.<ref name="dc-ency2">{{Citation |last=Greenberger|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Greenberger|contribution=Doctor Mid-Nite I & II|editor-last=Dougall|editor-first=Alastair|title=The DC Comics Encyclopedia|page=104|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|place=New York|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7566-4119-1|oclc=213309017}}</ref> McNider later discovers that he can only see in darkness and develops a special visor to let him see in the light. He then becomes the superhero Doctor Mid-Nite and adopts an owl whom he names Hooty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mitchell|first1=Kurt|title=American Comic Book Chronicles: 1940-1944|last2=Thomas|first2=Roy|author-link2=Roy Thomas|date=2019|publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing|isbn=978-1605490892|page=75}}</ref>
McNider later joins the Justice Society of America (JSA) and the All-Star Squadron. In 1942, McNider enlists in the U.S. Medical Corps as a physician during World War II,<ref>''All Star Comics'' #11 (June 1942)</ref> rising to the rank of captain.{{Volume needed|c=y|date=July 2012}} McNider briefly assumes the role of Starman when the original Starman, Ted Knight, has a nervous breakdown and the JSA disbands.<ref>''Starman'' (vol. 2) #77 (May 2001)</ref> According to ''Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes'', "his opponents include the minstrel the Baleful Banshee, the hypnosis-wielding Doctor Light, the angling-themed Fisherman, and the gang lord Tarantula".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nevins|first1=Jess|title=Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes|date=2013|publisher=High Rock Press|isbn=978-1-61318-023-5|pages=83–84}}</ref>
In 1953, McNider's lover Myra Mason is murdered by the Shadower, a foe who had learned Doctor Mid-Nite's secret identity.<ref name="dc-ency2"/> McNider later rescues a pregnant woman from attack in Sogndal, Norway and delivers her baby, Pieter Cross, who becomes the third Doctor Mid-Nite as an adult. McNider is among the JSA members who are captured and placed in suspended animation by Vandal Savage before being freed by the Flash.
McNider is killed by Extant during the ''Zero Hour: Crisis in Time!'' event.<ref>''Zero Hour: Crisis in Time!'' #3 (September 1994)</ref><ref name="dc-exta">{{Citation |last=Greenberger|first=Robert|contribution=Extant|editor-last=Dougall|editor-first=Alastair|title=The DC Comics Encyclopedia|page=117|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|place=New York|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7566-4119-1|oclc=213309017}}</ref> He has remained dead since, appearing as a spirit and in flashbacks.<ref>''The New Golden Age'' one-shot (January 2023)</ref><ref>''JSA'' (vol. 2) #7 (May 2025)</ref> McNider was temporarily resurrected as a Black Lantern in the ''Blackest Night'' event.<ref>''Blackest Night'' #2 (October 2009)</ref>
=== Beth Chapel === left|thumb|upright=0.6|Beth Chapel, as depicted in ''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 4) #4 (July 2023). Art by Yanick Paquette and Nathan Fairbairn. {{Comics character list header|species=Metahuman|teams=Justice Society of America<br>Infinity, Inc.<br>Shadow Fighters|creators=Roy Thomas<br>Todd McFarlane|debut=''Infinity, Inc.'' #19 (October 1985)|abilities=* Night vision and superhuman strength * Expert scientific expert and physician * Expert hand-to-hand combatant}}As the aging Charles McNider spent less time in action, '''Beth Chapel''', a medical doctor, stepped into the role of Doctor Midnight. Chapel was a native of Orangeburg, South Carolina, with a pastor father, a mother who sang in the church choir, and four brothers.<ref>''Infinity Inc.'' #21</ref> During the events of ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'', Chapel is blinded by an oxygen explosion, but is rescued by Hourman's son Rick Tyler. McNider performs emergency surgery on Chapel, and while he is unable to restore her day vision, he gives her his ability to see in the dark.<ref>''Infinity Inc.'' #20</ref> Chapel and Rick assume the mantles of their predecessors as Doctor Midnight and Hourman, with her mother crafting a super hero costume from a choir robe. Along with a new Wildcat, Chapel and Tyler apply for membership in Infinity, Inc, eventually gaining admission; however, the association was short-lived, as Infinity, Inc. disbanded shortly thereafter, though Chapel and Tyler began a romantic relationship during their tenure.
Doctor Midnight and Wildcat are subsequently recruited by the U.S. government for a mission to defeat the supervillain Eclipso, only for Chapel to die on the mission along with Wildcat, Creeper, Commander Steel, Peacemaker, and Major Victory.<ref>''Eclipso'' #13. DC Comics.</ref>
In ''Doomsday Clock'', Beth Chapel is revived alongside the Justice Society when Doctor Manhattan undoes his prior erasure of the Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes from the timeline. Chapel goes on to open a metahuman medical clinic called the All-Star Clinic.<ref>''Doomsday Clock'' #12 (December 2019)</ref>
=== Pieter Cross === {{Comics character list header|species=Metahuman|teams=Justice Society of America<br>All-Star Clinic|creators=Matt Wagner<br>John K. Snyder III|debut=''Doctor Mid-Nite'' #1 (September 1999)|abilities=* Night vision * Expert scientific expert and physician * Vast wealth and unorthodox connections * Expert hand-to-hand combatant}}A Norwegian-born physician, '''Pieter Anton Cross''' is a medical prodigy with great respect for the original Doctor Mid-Nite, who saved his mother and delivered him as an infant.<ref name="dc-ency2"/> Differing from his predecessors, the character's connections and wealth helps provides healthcare to those outside typical medical circles and those whom unorthodox medicine has failed, has his own medical team to assist him, and runs the All-Star Clinic.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Geoff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/JSA_by_Geoff_Johns_Book_One/eXqPEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=JSA by Geoff Johns Book One (JSA: Secret Files and Origins) |last2=Goyer |first2=David S. |last3=Robinson |first3=James A. |date=2017-12-19 |publisher=DC Comics |isbn=978-1-4012-7490-0 |language=en}}</ref> Cross is also a devout Christian.<ref name=":3" /> During his appearance from the 1999 ''JSA'' series until at least 2008, the character was remarked to be in his thirties at the timeframe.<ref name="dc-ency" /> As an adult, Pieter is unable to save his mother from Chagas disease, which she catches in Brazil while visiting him.
Cross's crime-fighting career begins as he runs a free clinic in Portsmouth, Washington. His work leads him to investigate a new street drug called A39, an accidental derivative of the steroid-like Venom. The drug, he soon learns, is produced by an evil corporation named Praeda Industries, run by the Terrible Trio. Cross is drugged by company enforcers and soon involved in a car accident. After the accident, he finds that he can only see in pitch darkness. Stripped of his license to officially practice medicine, Cross takes the name Doctor Mid-Nite and resolves to fight crime.<ref name="dc-ency2" /> Cross joins the newest incarnation of the Justice Society of America,<ref>''JSA'' #11 (June 2000)</ref> and has a brief romance with teammate Black Canary.
Cross is usually portrayed as being a physician first and vigilante second, setting up a clinic to help him treat patients who cannot afford conventional health care. Scanners in his cowl-lenses identify health risks as well as threats. He is a vegetarian and practices yoga (''JSA''). Cross carries high-tech medical equipment in addition to weapons (including blackout bombs). Some individuals whom Cross assists eventually come to aid him in his work as both crime fighter and community surgeon. Allies gained in this way include reformed street kids Nite Lite and Ice Sickle, and writer Camilla Marlowe. Mid-Nite also serves as a mentor to Jaime Reyes, the third Blue Beetle.<ref>''Blue Beetle - Boundaries (2009)'' - {{ISBN|978-1-4012-2162-1}}</ref>
When the Justice Society encounters Gog, last survivor of the Third World, the benevolent being restores Cross's vision.<ref>''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 3) #17 (August 2008)</ref> Although initially a blessing, this works to Cross's disadvantage in the field, as he has lost his infrared vision and can no longer able see through his own dark bombs.<ref>''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 3) #18 (October 2008)</ref> Eventually, the full JSA mount an all-out assault on Gog, having learned from Sandman that Gog is rooting himself into the Earth. The other Society members following Gog attempt to protect him, until they see him attempt to attack a Society member. All of the followers take up the fight, and Gog punishes them by taking away his blessings, including Cross's sight.<ref>''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 3) #21 (January 2009)</ref>
In "The New Golden Age", Pieter Cross still operates as Doctor Mid-Nite and is currently living in Natal, Brazil. Jay Garrick brings his daughter Judy Garrick to visit him and enlists his help in finding Doctor Elemental.<ref>''Jay Garrick: The Flash'' #5 (April 2024)</ref>
== Powers and abilities == Each version possessed similar powers, having superhuman night vision, knowledge in medicine, and having keen scientific minds.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":42" /> All versions of the character also share gadgetry such as blackout bombs, in which can be used to blind enemies in darkness and allow them to see.<ref name="dc-ency" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=DK |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/DK_DC_Ultimate_Character_Guide_New_Edition?id=3-sEEQAAQBAJ |title=DC Ultimate Character Guide New Edition |date=2024-11-05 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-593-96469-9 |language=en}}</ref> Their costumes often includes specialized googles with "ultrasonic" lenses, allowing them to see during the day.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" />
=== Charles McNider's powers and abilities === While usually blind, he possess superhuman night vision in which allows him to see in darkness.<ref name=":42" /> An expert surgeon and physician, McNider is also skilled author and is a superb athlete who kept himself in peak condition even into his sixties.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="dc-ency" /> His gadgetry includes specialized goggles in which allows him to see and blackout bombs, which blinds enemies in darkness and allows him to see.<ref name=":1" /> McNider also trained an owl to allow access to otherwise inaccessible places.<ref name=":0" />
=== Beth Chapel's powers and abilities === While blind due to an acute sensitivity to light in her eyes, she possesses superhuman night vision in which allows her to see in darkness.<ref name=":42" /> Noted as a trained physician and keen scientific mind, she is knowledgeable on various sciences and medicine.<ref name=":7" /> Chapel has also unusual strength and is an expert fighter,<ref name=":42" /><ref name=":2" /> trained by the original Wildcat.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Lemire |first=Jeff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/JSA_Vol_1_Infinity_Inc_Vs_the_Justice_So/WS8m0QEACAAJ?hl=en |title=JSA Vol. 1: Infinity, Inc Vs. the Justice Society |date=2025-09-01 |publisher=DC Comics |isbn=978-1-7995-0536-5 |language=en}}</ref> In addition to blackout bombs, although her costume usually consists of specialized goggles to see during the day, Chapel's muted color scheme allows her to better blend into the shadows and her googles allows her to see other wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet and infrared.<ref name=":7" />
=== Pieter Cross's powers and abilities === Although usually blind, he possess superhuman night vision in which allows him to see in darkness.<ref name=":42" /> A scientific prodigy and inventor, Cross is an expert in a numerous scientific fields, including: medicine, physics, robotics, chemistry, and infrared astronomy. As a surgeon, he specialized in limb grafting.<ref name=":4" /> Additionally, he is an expert hand-to-hand combatant and has both wealth and a network of contacts to provide healthcare to patients with conditions beyond orthodox medicine.<ref name=":42" /><ref name="dc-ency" /><ref name=":5" /> Cross has also trained an owl to allow them to travel to inaccessible places.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to his costume, Cross also has an improved variant of blackout bombs.<ref name="dc-ency" /> He also owns his own home, lab, and clinic (All-Star Clinic) that assists with his vigilante and physician work.<ref name=":4" />
== Supporting casts == In the ''Doctor Mid-Nite'' limited series starring Pieter Cross, the character is assisted by a team; Nite-Lite and Ice Sickle acts as medical assistants and nurse role to Doctor Mid-Nite, helping him later run the All-Star Clinic in Portsmouth City. He is also assisted by Calmilla Marlowe.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Geoff |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/JSA_Omnibus_Vol_2/qXiPEAAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=JSA Omnibus Vol. 2 (JSA: Lost) |date=2014-12-02 |publisher=DC Comics |isbn=978-1-4012-5138-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Wagner |first=Matt |title=Doctor Mid-Nite (1999) |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/series?id=1l4pGwAAABD-RM |access-date=2026-03-12 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Enemies === {{expand section|date=May 2020}} Each incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite has fought different enemies:
* "Gallows" Gallagher - A gangster who had his brother take his place in prison with help from a corrupt prison warden.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #27. DC Comics.</ref> * "Hands" Hannigan - A gangster who wanted to take advantage of Regis Morgan's telescopic vision and make him a lookout for his gang.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #76. DC Comics.</ref> * "Killer" Maroni - A gangster who was responsible for the grenade that blinded Charles McNider and became Doctor Mid-Nite's first opponent.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #25. DC Comics.</ref> * Banshee -<ref>''All-American Comics'' #65. DC Comics.</ref> * Big Mouth - The leader of a gang who worked with Jasper to set up hallucinations to frighten Jasper's aunt Martha Yates and his uncle Ambrose Yates.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #74. DC Comics.</ref> * Doctor Light - A villain who uses light technology.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #82. DC Comics.</ref> * Dr. Gamwell - A man who used a home for the blind as a front for his criminal activities.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #48. DC Comics.</ref> * Fisherman - Kurt Hartmann is a fisherman-themed criminal.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #69. DC Comics.</ref> * Hans - A Nazi demolition diver.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #53. DC Comics.</ref> * Herman Gherkin - A Nazi general.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #42. DC Comics.</ref> * Ice Ingram -<ref>''All-American Comics'' #79. DC Comics.</ref> * King Cobra - A hooded gangster.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #29. DC Comics.</ref> * Madame Zara - A criminal who operated as a psychic.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #31. DC Comics.</ref> * Malcolm Mumm - An inventor who invented a sound-nullifying device and operated as the self-proclaimed Master of Silence. He used his invention to cover up the sounds related to his bank vault robberies.<ref>''Adventure Comics'' #51. DC Comics.</ref> * Mister Nitro -<ref>''All-American Comics'' #66. DC Comics.</ref> * Slim - A mobster that planned to sabotage the games of the Yellow Jackets football team.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #75. DC Comics.</ref> * Tarantula - A crime lord whose minion Logger suspected that Charles McNider and Doctor Mid-Nite are the same people.<ref>''All-American Comics'' #88. DC Comics.</ref> * Terrible Trio - The members in the aliases of Fisk, Shackley, and Volper run Praeda Industries.<ref>''Doctor Mid-Nite'' #1-3. DC Comics.</ref>
==Other versions== * '''Nite-Lite''' is one of Pieter Cross's African-American assistants and nurse whom became indebted to him after saving his life from a deal gone bad. Possessing a level of extensive medical knowledge and combat abilities in which is exemplified by his use of brass knuckles, he often assists Doctor Mid-Nite both as a superhero and in maintaining his clinic whenever he is away.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> His backgrounds hints at a rough and abusive lifestyle in his youth.<ref name=":4" /> ** Another assistant, nicknamed '''Ice Sickle''' (and '''Mid-Nite Junior'''), is a college student who dropped out to hunt for his older brother's drug dealer, who is responsible for his overdose. Promising to help him find the dealer, he briefly takes him in as a protege to teach him skills necessary to be a surgeon while helping him run All-Star Clinic when Mid-Nite is away. Like Nite-Lite, he is also African-American but possess surgical skills. He is unceremoniously killed by Spirit King sometime after Cross joins the Justice Society.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
=== Alternate universes === * In 1965, DC Comics had no plans to revive Doctor Mid-Nite. DC editor Julius Schwartz gave M.I.T. student and comic book letterhack Rick Norwood permission to publish a Dr. Midnite story in his fanzine, ''Five''. The story written by Norwood and illustrated by Steve Sabo features a doctor named Tom Benson who is blinded in battle. He discovers that his other senses are super-sensitive and dons the Doctor Midnite costume to fight crime.<ref>''Five'' #5</ref>{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} * Another version of the character was shown in Dan Jolley and Tony Harris' ''JSA: The Liberty File'' as a World War II United States intelligence agent code-named '''the Owl'''. This character, though a playboy, resembles other Doctor Mid-Nite representations. Though derided for his dalliances with the ladies, McNider was trusted as a valued field operative. * ''Batman: Holy Terror'' depicts an America ruled by a religious theocracy as a result of Oliver Cromwell living for a decade longer than he did in reality. McNider was a member of the underground resistance against the government years ago, working alongside Thomas Wayne, but they were discovered, with Thomas and his wife being killed while McNider was blinded and his own wife executed. McNider offers some advice to Thomas's son Bruce when he discovers the truth about his parents' deaths, leading Bruce on the path to begin his own resistance against the government. * In the ''Tangent: Superman's Reign'' series, a version of Doctor Mid-Nite is briefly seen. * In the new Earth-2 created in the wake of ''Infinite Crisis'' and 52, a version of Beth Chapel is shown to be a member of the Justice Society Infinity.<ref>''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 3) Annual #1</ref>
== Collected editions == {| class="wikitable" !Title !Material collected !Writers/Pencillers !ISBN |- | valign="top" |''JSA All-Stars Archives'' Vol. 1 HC (2007) | valign="top" |''All-American Comics'' (1939) #25-29 | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |''Doctor Mid-Nite'' (2000) | valign="top" |''Doctor Mid-Nite'' #1-3 | valign="top" |Matt Wagner, John K. Snyder III | valign="top" |{{ISBN|1-56389-607-9}} |}
==In other media== {{See also|Charles McNider#In other media}}
===Television=== * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in a painting depicted in the ''Smallville'' two-part episode "Absolute Justice". * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite makes non-speaking appearances in ''Justice League Unlimited'' as a member of the Justice League. * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in ''Batman: The Brave and the Bold'', voiced by Corey Burton. * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in the ''Mad'' segment "That's What Super Friends Are For", voiced by Kevin Shinick. * Pieter Cross appears in ''Young Justice'', voiced by Bruce Greenwood. * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in the second season of the Arrowverse series ''Legends of Tomorrow'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/legends-tomorrow-legion-doom-season-913953/|title=Comic-Con: 'Legends of Tomorrow' to Tackle Legion of Doom Villain Team In Season 2|work=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Bucksbaum|first=Sydney|date=July 23, 2016|access-date=May 10, 2022}}</ref> portrayed by Kwesi Ameyaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dclegendstv.com/2016/09/29/commander-steel-obsidian-dr-mid-nite-vixen-stargirl-in-new-justice-society-of-america-photos/ |title=Commander Steel, Obsidian, Dr. Mid-Nite, Vixen & Stargirl In New "Justice Society of America" Photos |last=Byrne |first=Craig |date=September 29, 2016 |website=DCLegendsTV |access-date=September 30, 2016 }}</ref> * The Charles McNider and Beth Chapel incarnations of Doctor Mid-Nite appear in ''Stargirl'', portrayed by Henry Thomas (season one) and Alex Collins (season two) and Anjelika Washington respectively.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Agard|first=Chancellor|title=DC Universe's Stargirl casts Haunting of Hill House star as the JSA's Dr. Mid-Nite|url=https://ew.com/tv/2018/12/17/stargirl-henry-thomas-mid-nite-dc-universe/|access-date=December 17, 2018|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 17, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The latter takes up the mantle after the former is seemingly killed in battle against the Injustice Society. ** Ahead of the series' premiere, Chapel made a cameo appearance in the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths".
===Film=== * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite makes a cameo appearance in the opening credits of ''Justice League: The New Frontier'' as a member of the Justice Society of America. * The Charles McNider and Beth Chapel incarnations of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in ''Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths'', with the latter voiced by Cynthia McWilliams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|date=May 7, 2024|title=WB Details Next DC Animated Chapter ''Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths – Part Three''|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/05/wb-details-next-dc-animated-chapter-justice-league-crisis-on-infinite-earths-part-three/|access-date=July 21, 2024|website=Animation Magazine}}</ref>
===Merchandise=== * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received an action figure in wave twelve of the DC Universe Classics line. * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received an action figure from DC Direct in 2001.<ref name="comicbookbin.com">{{cite web|last1=St-Louis|first1=Hervé|title=Golden Age Dr. Mid-Nite Action Figure|url=http://www.comicbookbin.com/GoldenAgeDrMidnite001.html|website=ComicBookBin.com|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received action figures in Mattel's ''Justice League Unlimited'' toy line in November 2011.<ref name="comicbookbin.com"/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100723180529/http://www.comicsarchives.org/JSA%20FAct%20File/DRMIDNITE.html JSA Fact File: Doctor Mid-Nite I] * [http://toonopedia.com/mid-nite.htm Doctor Mid-Nite] at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. {{Justice Society of America}} {{Earth-Two}} {{GoldenAge}}
Category:All-American Publications characters Category:Characters created by Roy Thomas Category:Characters created by Todd McFarlane Category:Comics characters introduced in 1941 Category:Comics characters introduced in 1985 Category:Comics characters introduced in 1999 Category:DC Comics female superheroes Category:DC Comics martial artists Category:DC Comics metahumans Category:DC Comics male superheroes Category:DC Comics titles Category:Earth-Two Category:African-American superheroes Category:Fictional blind characters Category:Fictional medical doctors Category:Fictional surgeons Category:Golden Age superheroes Category:Medical doctors with disabilities