'''Bernhard Brenner''' is a scientist who, through his experiments, elucidated the repeated cycles of stretch and release of muscle fibers under isometric conditions. Because of this, these cycles were named as "''Brenner Cycles''".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalovich |first=Joseph M. |last2=Kraft |first2=Theresia |last3=Yu |first3=Leepo C. |date=2017-08-01 |title=Obituary Bernhard Brenner |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |journal=Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=269–270 |doi=10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |issn=1573-2657|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
== Biography == Brenner was born in Stuttgart, capital of Baden-Württenberg state in Germany. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalovich |first=Joseph M. |last2=Kraft |first2=Theresia |last3=Yu |first3=Leepo C. |date=2017-08-01 |title=Obituary Bernhard Brenner |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |journal=Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=269–270 |doi=10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |issn=1573-2657|url-access=subscription }}</ref>He studied medicine at the University of Tübingen between the years of 1969-1975 and received his doctoral degree in 1979.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalovich |first=Joseph M. |last2=Kraft |first2=Theresia |last3=Yu |first3=Leepo C. |date=2017-08-01 |title=Obituary Bernhard Brenner |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |journal=Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=269–270 |doi=10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |issn=1573-2657|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1980, Bernhard Brenner became associate researcher visitor at National Institute of Health (NIH) where he clarified that, when the muscle is in its relaxed state, the complex tropomyosin-troponin does not block cross-bridge bounds to actin. Due to this revelation, the pathway of muscle contraction was decoded, and then he correlated a rate of force for muscle redevelopment under calcium regulation called ''K<sub>TR</sub>'' to the number of cross-bridges turnover kinetics. Until 1985, Bernhard Brenner worked with other colleagues Richard Podolsky, Evan Eisenberg, Joseph Chalovich, Lois Greene, Mark Schoenberg, and Leepo Yu, and after this period,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalovich |first=Joseph M. |last2=Kraft |first2=Theresia |last3=Yu |first3=Leepo C. |date=2017-08-01 |title=Obituary Bernhard Brenner |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |journal=Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=269–270 |doi=10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2 |issn=1573-2657|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yu|first1=L.C.|last2=Brenner|first2=B.|date=March 1989|title=Structures of actomyosin crossbridges in relaxed and rigor muscle fibers|journal=Biophysical Journal|volume=55|issue=3|pages=441–453|doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82838-3|pmc=1330498|pmid=2930830|bibcode=1989BpJ....55..441Y}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kraft|first1=T.|last2=Chalovich|first2=J.M.|last3=Yu|first3=L.C.|last4=Brenner|first4=B.|date=June 1995|title=Parallel inhibition of active force and relaxed fiber stiffness by caldesmon fragments at physiological ionic strength and temperature conditions: additional evidence that weak cross-bridge binding to actin is an essential intermediate for force generation|journal=Biophysical Journal|volume=68|issue=6|pages=2404–2418|doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(95)80423-6|pmc=1282151|pmid=7647245|bibcode=1995BpJ....68.2404K}}</ref> Bernhard Brenner returned to Germany and became professor and director of the [https://www.mh-hannover.de/index.php?&L=1 Institute for Molecular and Cell Physiology at Hannover Medical School] (MHH). Later in his career, he started to study<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kraft Theresia|last2=Montag Judith|last3=Radocaj Ante|last4=Brenner Bernhard|date=2016-10-14|title=Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy|journal=Circulation Research|volume=119|issue=9|pages=992–995|doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309804|pmid=27737944|doi-access=free}}</ref> mutations in cardiac myosin related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. He died in 2017,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chalovich|first1=Joseph M.|last2=Kraft|first2=Theresia|last3=Yu|first3=Leepo C.|date=2017-08-01|title=Obituary Bernhard Brenner|journal=Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility|volume=38|issue=3|pages=269–270|doi=10.1007/s10974-017-9488-2|pmid=29147874|s2cid=2766175|issn=1573-2657}}</ref> from cancer.
== References == {{Reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brenner, Bernhard}} Category:University of Tübingen alumni Category:Scientists from Stuttgart Category:Year of birth missing Category:2017 deaths Category:German physiologists Category:Deaths from cancer in Germany
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