{{Short description|Medieval Oghuz Turkic tribe of the Kimek confederation}} {{redirect|Bayındır (tribe)|the district in Turkey|Bayındır}} {{infobox ethnic group | group = Bayundur | image = Bayundur.svg | image_caption = Tamgha of Bayundur, which represents Falcon according to Mahmud al-Kashgari | popplace = Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan | rels = Islam | langs = Oghuz Turkic | native_name = Bayındır | native_name_lang = tr | related_groups = Oghuz Turks }} [[File:Uzun Hasan on horse, 1460s–1470s, Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasa hunting (detail).jpg|thumb|upright|Uzun Hasan on horse, 1460s–1470s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Basil William |title=Studies in Persian Art |date=1993 |publisher=Pindar Press |isbn=978-0-907132-43-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Th7WAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA20 |page=20 |language=en |quote=No other prince of the time can be credibly associated with this work, and the galloping bearded prince in the center of the composition, we may be permitted to recognize a contemporary portrait of the founder of the White Sheep Turkman power. Uzun Hasan.}}</ref>]] The '''Bayandur''' ({{Langx|az|Bayandur}}, {{langx|tr|Bayındır}}, {{langx|tk|Baýyndyr}}), also spelled '''Bayundur''' or '''Bayindir''', is an Oghuz Turkic tribe. Originally one of the 7 original tribes that made up the Kimek–Kipchak confederation, they later joined the Oghuz Turks.<ref name="BoĭkovaRybakov2006">{{cite book|author1=Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova|author2=R. B. Rybakov|title=Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10-15 July, 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqxGWCXaMBUC&pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05416-4|pages=54–}}</ref> The Bayandur originated from Central Asia.
==History== [[File:Bayindirtamga.png|thumb|upright|Selçukname variant]] The Bayandur are known from Arab and Persian sources.{{sfn|Pletneva|1990}}
The Bayandur was one of the 7 original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, along with the Imur{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}}/Imi,{{sfn|Kimball|1994}} Imak{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}}{{sfn|Kimball|1994}} Tatar, Kipchak, Lanikaz and Ajlad.<ref>See {{harvnb|Agajanov|1992|p=69}} and {{harvnb|Kimball|1994}}</ref> The Kimek tribes originated in the Central Asian steppes, and had migrated to the territory of present-day Kazakhstan.{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}} The Bayandur, as part of the Kimek, were mentioned by Gardizi.{{sfn|Bosworth|2017}}
The Bayandur left the Kimek and joined the Oghuz. After disintegrating, half of the tribe united with the Kipchaks.<ref name="BoĭkovaRybakov2006">{{cite book|author1=Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova|author2=R. B. Rybakov|title=Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10-15 July, 2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqxGWCXaMBUC&pg=PA54|year=2006|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05416-4|pages=54–}}</ref> While part of the Oghuz, they were mentioned by Kashgari.{{sfn|Bosworth|2017}} They were described in the Russian annals on 11th-century events while part of the Kipchaks.{{sfn|Pletneva|1990}}
===Aq Qoyunlu=== [[File:Anonymous Aq Qoyunlu fals.jpg|thumb|upright|Anonymous Aq Qoyunlu fals having the Bayindir tribe symbol]] The Aq Qoyunlu was referred to as ''Bayanduriyye'' in Iranian<ref>{{cite book|title=Akkoyunlular: siyasal, kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyal tarih|year=2002|page=317|author=Seyfettin Erşahin|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Faruk Sümer|title=Akkoyunlular|publisher=TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/akkoyunlular|language=tr}}</ref> and Ottoman sources.<ref>{{cite book|title=International Journal of Turkish Studies - Volumes 4-5|publisher=University of Wisconsin|year=1987|page=272}}</ref> Their sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan, which was a grandson of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary ancestor of Oghuz Turks.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cornell H. Fleischer|year=1986|title=Bureaucrat and intellectual in the Ottoman Empire|page=287}}</ref>
Professor G. L. Lewis:<ref>{{cite book|author=H. B. Paksoy|year=1989|title=Alpamysh: Central Asian Identity Under Russian Rule|page=84}}</ref> {{Quote| The Ak-koyunlu Sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan and it is likely, on the face of it, that the Book of Dede Korkut was composed under their patronage. The snag about this is that in the Ak-koyunlu genealogy Bayindir's father is named as Gok ('Sky') Khan, son of the eponymous Oghuz Khan, whereas in our book he is named as Kam Ghan, a name otherwise unknown. In default of any better explanation, I therefore incline to the belief that the book was composed before Ak-koyunlu rulers had decided who their ancestors where. It was in 1403 that they ceased to be tribal chiefs and became Sultans, so we may assume that their official genealogy was formulated round about that date.}}
Uzun Hasan used to assert the claim that he was an "honorable descendant of Oghuz Khan and his grandson, Bayandur Khan". In a letter dating to the year 1470, which was sent to Şehzade Bayezid, the-then governor of Amasya, Uzun Hasan wrote that those from the Bayandur and Bayat tribes, as well as other tribes that belonged to the "Oghuz il", and formerly inhabited Mangyshlak, Khwarazm and Turkestan, came and served in his court. He also made the tamga of the Bayandur tribe the symbol of his state. For this reason, the Bayandur tamga is found in Aq Qoyunlu coins, their official documents, inscriptions and flags.<ref name=faruk>{{TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|title=UZUN HASAN (ö. 882/1478) Akkoyunlu hükümdarı (1452-1478).|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/uzun-hasan|author=Faruk Sümer|language=Turkish}}</ref>
== Bayundur today == Today in Turkmenistan, there is a village called {{lang|tk-Latn|Baýyndyroý}} in the Konye-Urgench district of the Daşoguz Region and a spring called ''Bagandar'' in Magtymguly District of the Balkan Region. There are also ''urug''s (small clans) called {{lang|tk-Latn|Baýyndyr}} among the Turkmen tribes of {{lang|tk-Latn|Gökleň}} and {{lang|tk-Latn|Çandyr}}.<ref>Ataniyazov, S. ''The Genealogy of the Turkmens'' (in Turkmen). Turan-1 Publishing House, Ashgabat, 1994. p. 61</ref> Also, there is a village in Zanjan, Iran with name Bayindur. This village is located in the south of Zanjan city.
thumb|center|upright=1.5|Bayundur Khan genealogical tree
== See also == * Fazel Khan Garrusi
== References == {{reflist}}
==Sources== * {{cite book|last=Agajanov|first=S. G.|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century|chapter=The States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kipchak|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lodSckjlNuMC&pg=PA61|year=1992|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1595-7|pages=61–76}} * {{cite book|first=C. Edmund |last=Bosworth|title=The Turks in the Early Islamic World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT192|date=15 May 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-88087-9|pages=192–}} * {{cite book |last=Kimball |first=L. |title=The Vanished Kimak Empire |publisher=Western Washington U. |date=1994 |pages=371–373}} * {{cite book |last=Pletneva |first=S.A. |title=Kipchaks |location=Moscow |publisher=Nauka |date=1990 |page=74 |isbn=5-02-009542-7}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayandur}} {{Oghuz tribes}}
Category:Bayandur tribe