'''Sayf ad-Din Baybugha Rus al-Qasimi an-Nasiri''' (also known as '''Baybugharus''' or '''Aurus''') was a prominent Mamluk emir during the reigns of sultans as-Salih Isma'il, al-Muzaffar Hajji, an-Nasir Hasan and as-Salih Salih.

==Biography== Baybugha was a ''mamluk'' of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad.<ref name="Mayer111">{{cite book|first =L. A.|last =Mayer|author-link=Leo Aryeh Mayer|title=Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178234 |year=1933|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.178234/page/n128/mode/1up 111]}}</ref> According to historian David Ayalon, Baybugha was one of the few ''mamluks'' to have ethnic Rus origins.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ayalon|first1=David|editor1-last=Bosworth|editor1-first=C. E.|editor2-last=van Donzel|editor2-first=E.|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-first=B.|editor4-last=Pellat|editor4-first=Ch.|title=The Encyclopedia of Islam, VI Fasicules 103-104|date=1987|publisher=Brill|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA316|chapter=Mamluk|isbn=9789652640147}}</ref> He is first mentioned by Mamluk-era historians during the reign of an-Nasir Muhammad's son, as-Salih Isma'il.<ref name="Mayer111"/> During the reign of the latter's brother and successor, al-Muzaffar Hajji, Baybugha became the ''amir majlis'' (lord of the audience),<ref name="Mayer111"/> a relatively high-ranking office which was responsible for overseeing the sultan's physicians and oculists.<ref name="Ayalon99">{{cite book|last1=Ayalon|first1=David|editor1-last=Hawting|editor1-first=Gerald|title=Muslims, Mongols and Crusaders|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|page=99|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVGdl09xAp4C&pg=PA99|chapter=Studies on the Structure of the Mamluk Army-III|isbn=9781136027260}}</ref> In 1347, he was promoted to ''na'ib al-saltana'' (viceroy) of Egypt.<ref name="Mayer111"/>

During the reign of Hajji's successor, an-Nasir Hasan, another son of an-Nasir Muhammad, Baybugha, as ''na'ib al-saltana'', was among the four senior emirs who actually ruled the Mamluk state.<ref name="Harithy70">Al-Harithy 1996, p. 70.</ref> The other three were Baybugha's brother Manjak al-Yusufi ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sayf_al-Din_Manjak com]), Shaykhu an-Nasiri and Taz an-Nasiri ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sayf_al-Din_Taz com]), all former ''mamluks'' of an-Nasir Muhammad.<ref name="Harithy70"/> During his viceroyship, in 1348, Baybugha decreed that the sons of fief holders could inherit the fiefs from their fathers. The decree endeared him to the population.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Haarmann|first1=Ulrich|editor1-last=Philipp|editor1-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Haarmann|editor2-first=Ulrich|title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521591157|page=70|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&pg=PA70|chapter=Joseph's Law-The Careers and Activities of Mamluk Descendants Before the Ottoman Conquest of Egypt}}</ref> While on Baybugha was making the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca with Taz,<ref name="Mayer111"/><ref name="Burgoyne386">{{cite book|last1=Burgoyne|first1=Michel Hamilton|title=Mamluk Jerusalem|date=1987|publisher=British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by World of Islam Festival Trust|isbn=9780905035338|page=386|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR_qAAAAMAAJ&q=Baybugha}}</ref> an-Nasir Hasan attempted to assert his authority over the senior emirs,<ref name="Burgoyne386"/> and had Baybugha arrested. He was imprisoned in al-Karak.<ref name="Mayer111"/>

An-Nasir Hasan was overthrown in September 1351 and replaced by his half-brother as-Salih Salih. The latter freed Baybugha and appointed him ''na'ib'' (governor) of Aleppo in 1351,<ref name="Mayer111"/> replacing Emir Arghun al-Kamili.<ref name="Harithy78">Al-Harithy 1996, p. 78.</ref> The following year, Baybugha incited a rebellion by the Mamluk emirs in Syria against the sultan.<ref name="Harithy78"/> The latter responded by leading a military expedition against the rebellious emirs, and he succeeded in arresting Baybugha, along with the ''nuwab'' (governors) of Safad, Hama and Tripoli.<ref name="Harithy78"/> Baybugha was incarcerated in the Aleppo Citadel in 1353,<ref name="Harithy78"/> and was executed later that year.<ref name="Mayer111"/>

He was married to Shaqra (d. 1389), a daughter of An-Nasir Hasan.<ref name="Bauden">{{cite web|last1=Bauden|first1=Frédéric|title=The Qalawunids: A Pedigree|url=http://mamluk.uchicago.edu/qalawunids/qalawunid-pedigree.pdf|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=2016-02-25}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|last1=Al-Harithy|first1=Howyda N.|editor1= Gibb, H.A.R.|editor-link1= H. A. R. Gibb |editor2=E. van Donzel|editor3=P.J. Bearman|editor-link3=Peri Bearman |editor4=J. van Lent|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NdCTI5FqayAC&pg=PA68|chapter=The Complex of Sultan Hasan in Cairo: Reading Between the Lines|year=1996|publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004106338}} {{refend}}

Category:1353 deaths Category:14th-century executions Category:Bahri Mamluks Category:Executed military leaders Category:Mamluk emirs Category:People executed for mutiny Category:14th-century slaves Category:Slaves in the Mamluk Sultane