Bayads

{{Short description|Mongol people}} {{Distinguish|Bayat (tribe)|Bayad tribe}} {{Redirect|Bayaut|other uses|Bayaut (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Bayad <br>{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠥᠠ}} |image = |pop = 56,573 |region1 = {{flagcountry|Mongolia}} |pop1 = 56,573 |ref1 = <ref name="mongolian">[http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf National Census 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915170555/http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf |date=2011-09-15 }}</ref> |region2 = |pop2 = |ref2 = |region3 = |pop3 = |ref3 = |languages = [[Oirat language|Oirat]] |religions = [[Buddhism in Mongolia|Buddhism]], [[Mongolian shamanism]], [[Atheism]] |related=[[Mongols]], especially [[Oirats]] }}

The '''Bayad''' ([[Mongolian language|Mongol]]: Баяд/Bayad, ''lit. "the Riches"'') is the third largest subgroup of [[Mongol people]] in modern [[Mongolia]] and they are a tribe in [[Four Oirats]]. Baya'ud were a prominent clan within the [[Mongol Empire]]. Baya'ud can be found in both Mongolic and Turkic peoples. Within Mongols, the clan is spread through [[Khalkha]], [[Inner Mongolia]]ns, [[Buryats]], and [[Oirats]].

==History== [[File:Mongol Empire c.1207.png|thumb|Mongol Empire c.1207]] [[File:Mongolia XVI.png|thumb|Mongol states XIV-XVII: 1. [[Northern Yuan dynasty]] 2.[[Four Oirat]] 3. [[Kara Del]] 4. [[Moghulistan]]]]

The clan name Baya'ud appears among the Mongols, while the ethnonym Bayid appears in Central Siberia. Only the latter appears to be connected to the modern Bayad people of western Mongolia. A common clan name does not mean common origin, the clan names Bayad and Baya'ud are differentiated. The Bayads appear to be Siberian peoples subjugated by the [[Dorbet Oirat|Dorbet]] tribe of the Oirats. Like all the Oirat tribes, the Bayads were not a consanguineal unit but a political-ethnographic one, formed of at least 40 different yasu, or patrilineages, of the most diverse origins.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Mongolia and Mongol Empire">{{cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongolian Empire |url=http://shora.tabriz.ir/Uploads/83/cms/user/File/657/E_Book/History/Encyclopedia%20of%20Mongolia%20and%20Mongol%20Empire.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112003220/http://shora.tabriz.ir/Uploads/83/cms/user/File/657/E_Book/History/Encyclopedia%20of%20Mongolia%20and%20Mongol%20Empire.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-12 |access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref>

It is also mentioned that the Bayads are presumably of Siberian Turkic origin, as the Bayad clan name is attested in Siberia from early times.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sneath |first1=David |url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004216358/B9789004216358-s030.xml |title=Atwood, C. (2006) 'Titles, Appanages, Marriages and Officials: A Comparison of Political Forms in the Zünghar and Thirteenthcentury Mongol Empires' |last2=Kaplonski |first2=Christopher |date=2010-01-01 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-21635-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sneath |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_V5DwAAQBAJ&q=presumably+of+Siberian+Turkic+origin%2C+as+the+Bayad+clan+name+is+attested+in+Siberia+from+early+times%29+and+the+Khotong+%28of+Turkestani+origin%29+%E2%80%93 |title=The History of Mongolia (3 Vols.) |last2=Kaplonski |first2=Christopher |date=2010-05-01 |publisher=Global Oriental |isbn=978-90-04-21635-8 |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable members== * [[Köke Temür]] - general of the [[Yuan dynasty]] * [[Bulughan Khatun]] - favorite wife of Ilkhan [[Abagha]] * [[Kököchin]] - principal wife of Ilkhan [[Ghazan]], who was escorted from [[Khanbaliq]] (Beijing) to Persia by [[Marco Polo]] * [[Jambyn Batmönkh]] - a [[Mongolia]]n communist political leader, in 1984 - 1990 head of Mongolia. * [[Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh]] - [[Mongolia]]n best wrestler of the 20th century in [[Mongolian wrestling]] and 1975 freestyle wrestling world champion. * [[Norovyn Altankhuyag]] - [[Prime Minister of Mongolia]], 2012–2014 [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)]] * [[Mishigiin Sonompil]] - Member of Parliament

==Modern demographics== Today, Bayads are settled in the districts of [[Khyargas, Uvs|Khyargas]], [[Malchin, Uvs|Malchin]], [[Tes, Uvs|Tes]], [[Zuungovi, Uvs|Züüngovi]], [[Baruunturuun, Uvs|Baruunturuun]], and [[Naranbulag, Uvs|Naranbulag]] in the province of [[Uvs Province|Uvs]]. According to the census taken in 2000, 50,824 Bayads currently live in Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.kalmsu.ru/text/TRUD/Hoit_SK/p001.pdf |title=Хойт С.К. Последние данные по локализации и численности ойрат // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Вып. 2. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 136-157. - in Russian |access-date=2010-11-01 |archive-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314132153/http://www.lib.kalmsu.ru/text/TRUD/Hoit_SK/p001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Literature== * [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С. К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII-XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220-243.] * [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С. К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215-245.]

==See also== * [[Bayat (tribe)]] (Turkic) * [[Bayad tribe]] (India) * [[Bayat tribe]] (Arabic)

[[Category:Mongol peoples]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Mongolia]] [[Category:Oirats]] [[Category:Darlikin Mongols]]