Nepean Bay

{{Short description|Bay in South Australia}} {{About|the bay in South Australia|the associated locality|Nepean Bay, South Australia|the bay in Canada|Nepean Bay (Canada)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} {{Use Australian English|date= June 2014}} {{Infobox body of water | name = Nepean Bay | image = Nepean Bay 799535292).jpg | image_size = | caption = | pushpin_map = Australia South Australia | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[South Australia]] | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Kangaroo Island]], [[South Australia]] | coords = {{coord|35|40|57|S|137|44|43|E|type:waterbody_region:AU_region:AU-SA|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <ref name=gazateer>{{Gazetteer of Australia|name=Nepean Bay (SA)|feature=SA0049168}}</ref> | type = [[Bay]] | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Australia | length = {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Chart11>DMH, 1985, chart 11</ref> | width = {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=Chart11/> | area = | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|13.4|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Chart11/> | volume = | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = | temperature_high = | temperature_low = | frozen = | islands = [[Busby Islet]], [[Beatrice Islets]] | trenches = | benches = | cities = [[Kingscote, South Australia|Kingscote]] [[Cygnet River, South Australia|Cygnet River]] [[Brownlow KI, South Australia|Brownlow KI]] [[Nepean Bay, South Australia|Nepean Bay]] [[American River, South Australia|American River]] [[Baudin Beach, South Australia|Baudin Beach]] [[Island Beach, South Australia|Island Beach]] }}

'''Nepean Bay''' is a [[bay]] located on the north-east coast of [[Kangaroo Island]] in the [[Australia|Australian state]] of [[South Australia]] about {{convert|130|km|abbr=off}} south-south-west of [[Adelaide]]. It was named by the British navigator, [[Matthew Flinders]], after [[Evan Nepean|Sir Evan Nepean]] on 21 March 1802.

==Extent & description== Nepean Bay lies between [[Point Marsden]] and [[Kangaroo Head]] on the north-east coast of Kangaroo Island facing into [[Investigator Strait]]. Nepean Bay itself includes the following [[coastal]] [[inlets]] from west to east - Bay of Shoals, Western Cove and Eastern Cove. Eastern Cove itself includes an inlet consisting of a channel known as American River and a lagoon system known as [[Pelican Lagoon]].<ref name =NGA>{{cite enroute|175|2017|215-216}}</ref>

===Bay of Shoals=== The Bay of Shoals is a body of water which is located immediately north of the settlement of [[Kingscote, South Australia|Kingscote]] and whose mouth is located between Cape Rouge in the north and Beatrice Point in the south over a distance of about {{convert|5|km}}. The bay has a maximum charted depth of {{convert|2.7|m}}. Its mouth is bounded by a [[Spit (landform)|spit]] known as 'The Spit' which extends from Cape Rouge to within {{convert|0.5|nmi|km mi}} of Beatrice Point, includes the islets of [[Busby Islet|Busby]] and [[Beatrice Islets|Beatrice]] and is reported as being exposed during local tides, i.e. ‘drying.’ Access for watercraft into the bay is via a natural channel at its southern end near Beatrice Point.<ref name=NGA/><ref>BIA, 2005, page 185</ref><ref name=Chart11/>

===Kingscote Harbour===  Kingscote Harbour is the sheltered water between Bay of Shoals and Western Cove. The harbour is sheltered by the [[Beatrice Islets]], and it faces the northern part of the town of [[Kingscote, South Australia|Kingscote]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser |title=Placename Details: Kingscote Harbour |access-date=24 December 2016 |publisher=[[Government of South Australia]] |date=28 July 2010 |id=SA0036770 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/ |archive-date=12 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Western Cove=== Western Cove is a body of water whose mouth is located between Beare Point in the west and Morrison Point in the east separated by a distance of about {{convert|8|nmi|km mi}}. The cove has a maximum depth of about {{convert|10|m}} at its mouth. Its shoreline is described as (distances in nautical miles):<ref name=NGA/><ref name=Chart11/><ref name=Chart13/><blockquote>The S(outh) shore, between Morrison Point and a red cliffy point about 3 miles W, is high and rocky. A range of wooded hills along the S(outh) shore falls gradually to the W(est). Red cliffs extend about 1.5 miles W(est) from the red cliffy point, and from there to the head of the cove is a continuous sandy beach. The land at the head of the cove is low and swampy and continues so to Beare Point…</blockquote>

===Eastern Cove=== Eastern Cove is the body of water whose mouth is located between Morrison Point in the west and [[Kangaroo Head]] in the east separated by a distance of about {{convert|6|nmi|km mi}}. The cove has a maximum depth of {{convert|14|m}} at its mouth. Its shoreline is described as (distances in nautical miles):<ref name =NGA/><ref name=Chart11/><ref name=Chart13>DMH, 1985, chart 13</ref><blockquote>The shore of Eastern Cove, between Kangaroo Head and [[American Beach, South Australia|American Beach]], 2.5 miles S(outh), is rugged and rocky. Between the SW end of American Beach and Rocky Point, it consists of alternate beaches and low, rocky points. A sandy beach forms the S(outh) shore between Rocky Point and Strawbridge Point, 2.75 miles WNW. The S(outh) side of the cove is low with wooded hills at the back.</blockquote>

Eastern Cove includes '''Ballast Head Harbor''' on the western side near [[Ballast Head]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser Report |title=Placename Details: Ballast Head Harbor |access-date=25 December 2016 |publisher=[[Government of South Australia]] |date=1 March 2010 |id=SA0004376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/ |archive-date=12 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==European discovery== Matthew Flinders named Nepean Bay after Sir Evan Nepean, [[First Secretary to the Admiralty]], on 21 March 1802.<ref>Flinders, 1814 (1966), page 250</ref>

==Ports and other settlements== [[Human settlement|Settlements]] on its shores include [[Kingscote, South Australia|Kingscote]], [[Brownlow KI, South Australia|Brownlow KI]] and [[Nepean Bay, South Australia|Nepean Bay]] on the shores of Western Cove, and [[American River, South Australia|American River]], [[Baudin Beach, South Australia|Baudin Beach]] and [[Island Beach, South Australia|Island Beach]] on the shores of Eastern Cove.<ref>BIA, 2005, pages 184-186</ref>

==Protected areas== [[Protected areas]] located within and adjoining the bay’s extent include: *Aquatic reserves - [[American River Aquatic Reserve|American River]].<ref>PIRSA, 2014</ref> *Conservation parks - [[Beatrice Islet Conservation Park|Beatrice Islet]], [[Busby Islet Conservation Park|Busby Islet]], [[Cygnet Estuary Conservation Park|Cygnet Estuary]], [[Nepean Bay Conservation Park|Nepean Bay]] and [[Pelican Lagoon Conservation Park|Pelican Lagoon]].<ref>DEP, 1987, pages 25, 26, 54 & 64</ref> *Marine parks - [[Encounter Marine Park]]<ref>DEWNR, 2012, page 2 of 6</ref>

==See also== *[[Nepean (disambiguation)]]

==Citations== {{reflist}}

==References== *{{Citation | author1=Boating Industry Association of South Australia (BIA) | author2=South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage | title=South Australia's waters an atlas & guide | publication-date=2005 | publisher=Boating Industry Association of South Australia | isbn=978-1-86254-680-6 }} *{{cite book |title=Conservation Parks of Kangaroo Island Management Plan|author=Anon |year=1987 |publisher=Department of Environment and Planning, South Australia (DEP) |location=Adelaide |isbn=0-7243-8983-0 |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/e41e4e27-da1d-4a81-970a-9e4f00b185f9/PARKS_PDFS_CP_OF_KI_MP.pdf}} *{{cite web|title=Encounter Marine Park Management plan summary|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/a27fabf3-c4fc-4b93-85b4-a11f00f2f772/mp-gen-mgmtplansumm-15-encounter.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) |access-date=17 June 2014}} *{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (DMH)| title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia |isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2}} *{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew| author-link = Matthew Flinders| title = A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island. | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=249&fk_files=1486723 | access-date = 27 March 2013 | edition = Facsimile | year = 1966 | orig-year = 1814 | publisher = Libraries Board of South Australia | location = Adelaide }} *{{cite web|title=American River Aquatic Reserve|url=http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/65413/13._AqResWeb.pdf|publisher=Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA)|access-date=6 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405180353/http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/65413/13._AqResWeb.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}

[[Category:Bays of Kangaroo Island]]