{{Short description|1675 battle}} {{Infobox Military Conflict | conflict = Battle of Trembowla | image = 270px | caption = Anna Dorota Chrzanowska in Trembowla, by Leopold Löffler | partof = the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76) | date = September 20 – October 11, 1675 | place = Trembowla, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | result = Polish–Lithuanian victory | combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg}} Ottoman Empire | combatant2 =25px Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | commander1 = Ibrahim Shishman<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://histans.com/?termin=Ibragima_kampaniya_1675 ІБРАГІМА ШИШМАН-ПАШІ КАМПАНІЯ 1675] </ref> | commander2 = Jan Samuel Chrzanowski | strength1 = 10,000 | strength2 = 80 infantry<br>200 peasants | casualties1 = 2,000<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Czołowski |first=Aleksander |url=https://polona.pl/item-view/b6031b90-4fd0-4643-9308-9b02d92fac35?page=4 |title=Wojna polsko-turecka r. 1675 |date=1895 |pages=140 |language=pl}}</ref> | casualties2 = Heavy| | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676)}} {{Campaignbox Polish-Ottoman Battles}} }}
The '''Battle of Trembowla''', more popularly known as the '''Defence of Trembowla''' took place between September 20 – October 11, 1675, during the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676). Heroic resistance of Polish forces became a symbol, and was glorified and immortalised in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz, Józef Peszka and Aleksander Lesser.
== History == The castle in Trembowla was built in the 14th century on a high hill over the valley of the Hniezna river. Despite its small size (100 metres by 40 metres), it was a strong fortress with walls up to 4 metres thick. After the Turks had captured Kamieniec Podolski (see Siege of Kamieniec Podolski), Trembowla was one of the few Podolian strongholds still in Polish hands.
In the summer of 1675, a 30,000 strong Turkish-Tatar army under command of Ibrahim Shyshman entered Red Ruthenia, a province of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. On July 27, the invaders captured Zbarazh, on September 11, Podhajce, and on September 20, the Turks approached Trembowla. The castle was defended by a small unit of 80 infantry soldiers, some members of the local nobility, supported by 200 poorly armed, untrained peasants and residents of the town, who fled to the castle. Before the siege, a unit of dragoons stationed here, but was ordered to leave Trembowla, due to food shortages. Polish forces were commanded by Captain Jan Samuel Chrzanowski, whose wife, Anna Dorota Chrzanowska (née Anna Dorota von Fresen), became immortalized after the siege.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-31 |title=Kobieta, która obroniła zamek przed turecką armią. Obrona Trembowli {{!}} HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne |url=https://historia.org.pl/2021/01/31/kobieta-ktora-obronila-zamek-przed-turecka-armia-obrona-trembowli/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=HISTORIA.org.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref>
Despite Ottoman efforts, the defenders of castle managed to hold their positions after several attacks. After several days, however, shortages of food and water became severe, and Captain Chrzanowski decided to surrender. His wife disagreed with this decision, and threatened to commit suicide if her husband proceeded with the planned surrender, thereby stiffening his spine and creating an atmosphere for defending the castle. Furthermore, Anna Dorota urged the defenders to carry out an attack on Ottoman positions, which resulted in heavy losses among the invaders. Chrzanowska's determination raised the morale among the Poles, but their losses were also heavy. In the night of October 4/5, only 20 soldiers were able to fight. Facing danger from forces of Jan III Sobieski, which concentrated near Lviv, the Turks decided to end the siege on October 11.<ref name=":0" />
== Aftermath == In 1676 Polish Sejm allowed the Chrzanowski couple to become the szlachta, with the right to use the Poraj coat of arms.{{cn|date=May 2025}} In 1683 Chrzanowski was named stolnik of Smolensk and Mielnik, and a monument of Anna Dorota Chrzanowska was erected in Trembowla in 1683.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
== Siege in culture == The siege of Trembowla and story of Anna Chrzanowska inspired Polish painters and writers alike. Most notable works: * Aleksander Lesser (1814–1884) painting '' Defense of the Trembowla against the Turks '' * Leopold Löffler (1827–1898), painting '' Anna Dorota Chrzanowska at the castle in Trembowla '' * Józef Wybicki (1747–1822), drama * Zofia Kossak-Szczucka (1889–1968), novel '' Trembowla '' * Maria Krüger (1904–1999), story '' Marcynka's bright braid '' in the collection '' Golden Crown '' * Andrzej Waligórski (1926–1992), poem '' Song about the defense of Trembowla '' which was performed by Tadeusz Chyła (1933–2014).
== See also == *Battle of Lwów (1675)
==References== {{Reflist}}
== Sources ==
* {{in lang|pl}} Mala Encyklopedia Wojskowa, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Warszawa 1967, Wydanie I, Tom 2 * {{in lang|pl}} [http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/bohaterska_obrona_trembowli_w_1675_r.html Bohaterska obrona Trembowli w 1675 r.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412085241/https://www.wilanow-palac.pl/bohaterska_obrona_trembowli_w_1675_r.html |date=2021-04-12 }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Trembowla 1675}} Category:Conflicts in 1675 Category:Sieges involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Category:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire Category:1670s in the Ottoman Empire Category:Terebovlia Category:Battles of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) Category:Attacks on castles in Ukraine Category:History of Ternopil Oblast Category:1675 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Category:Battles of the early modern period Category:Polish women in war