{{Short description|1862 battle of the American Civil War}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox military conflict |conflict=Battle of Cross Keys | image= Battle of Cross Keys 1.png | image_size = 300 |caption=''The battle of Cross Keys--Sunday June 7th 1862--Genl. Fremont and Genl. Jackson'' by [[Edwin Forbes]]{{sic|expected=The battle was fought on June 8, but the actual title of the artwork states it as "June 7"}} | coordinates = {{Coord|38.3579|-78.8438|region:US_type:event_scale:10000|display=title,inline}} | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = |partof=the [[American Civil War]] |date= {{Start date|1862|6|8}} |place=[[Rockingham County, Virginia]] |result=[[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] victory |combatant1= {{flagicon|USA|1861}} [[United States]] ([[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]) |combatant2= {{flagicon|CSA|1861}} [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] (Confederacy) |commander1=[[John C. Frémont]] |commander2=[[Richard S. Ewell]] |strength1=11,500<ref name=Salmon49>Salmon, p. 49.</ref> |strength2=5,800<ref>Salmon, p. 49; [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va105.htm National Park Service battle summary] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050409181936/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va105.htm |date=April 9, 2005 }}. Krick, p. 49, states "about 5,000". Eicher, p. 265, and Esposito, text for map 53, state 6,500. The [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html NPS report on battlefield condition] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419223848/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html |date=April 19, 2005 }} states 8,500.</ref> |casualties1='''684'''<br>(114 killed;<br>443 wounded;<br>127 missing)<ref name=NPSreport/> |casualties2='''287'''<br>(42 killed;<br>230 wounded;<br>15 missing)<ref name=NPSreport/> |campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Jackson's Valley Campaign}} }}
The '''Battle of Cross Keys''' was fought on June 8, 1862, in [[Rockingham County, Virginia]], as part of [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]] [[General officers in the Confederate States Army#Major general|Maj. Gen.]] [[Stonewall Jackson|Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's]] campaign through the [[Shenandoah Valley]] during the [[American Civil War]]. Together, the battles of Cross Keys and [[Battle of Port Republic|Port Republic]] the following day were the decisive victories in [[Jackson's Valley Campaign]], forcing the [[Union Army|Union armies]] to retreat and leaving Jackson free to reinforce Gen. [[Robert E. Lee]] for the [[Seven Days Battles]] outside [[Richmond, Virginia]].
==Background== {{further|Jackson's Valley Campaign}} The hamlet of Port Republic, Virginia, lies on a neck of land between the North and South Rivers, which conjoin to form the [[South Fork Shenandoah River]]. On June 6–7, 1862, Jackson's army, numbering about 16,000, bivouacked north of Port Republic, Maj. Gen. [[Richard S. Ewell]]'s division along the banks of Mill Creek near Goods Mill, and [[General officers in the Confederate States Army#Brigadier general|Brig. Gen.]] [[Charles Sidney Winder|Charles S. Winder]]'s division on the north bank of North River near the bridge. The [[15th Alabama Infantry]] regiment was left to block the roads at Union Church. Jackson's headquarters were in Madison Hall at Port Republic. The army trains were parked nearby.<ref name=NPSreport>[http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html NPS report on battlefield condition] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419223848/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html |date=April 19, 2005 }}; Krick, pp. 33–35.</ref>
Two [[Union Army|Union]] columns converged on Jackson's position. The army of Maj. Gen. [[John C. Frémont]], about 15,000 strong, moved south on the Valley Pike and reached the vicinity of [[Harrisonburg, Virginia|Harrisonburg]] on June 6. The division of Brig. Gen. [[James Shields (politician, born 1806)|James Shields]], about 10,000, advanced south from [[Front Royal, Virginia|Front Royal]] in the Luray (Page) Valley, but was badly strung out because of the muddy Luray Road. At Port Republic, Jackson possessed the last intact bridge on the North River and the fords on the South River by which Frémont and Shields could unite. Jackson determined to check Frémont's advance at Mill Creek, while meeting Shields on the east bank of the South Fork of the Shenandoah River. A Confederate signal station on [[Massanutten Mountain|Massanutten]] monitored Union progress.<ref>Krick, pp. 34–36.</ref>
Early in the morning on June 8, Frémont's men encountered the Confederate advanced guard near Cross Keys Tavern. A few shots were fired and the Union cavalry fell back onto their main body, which was approaching. Darkness prevented further developments.<ref>Tanner, p. 293.</ref>
[[File:Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign May-June 1862.png|thumb|right|400px|Jackson's Valley Campaign: Front Royal to Port Republic {{legend|#ff0000|Confederate}} {{legend|#0000ff|Union}} ]]
==Opposing forces== ===Union=== {{further|Cross Keys Union order of battle|l1=Union order of battle}}
===Confederate=== {{further|Cross Keys Confederate order of battle|l1=Confederate order of battle}}
==Battle== Colonel [[Samuel S. Carroll]], at the head of a regiment of Union cavalry, supported by an artillery battery and a brigade of infantry, was sent ahead by Shields to secure the North River Bridge at Port Republic. Shortly after dawn (June 8), Carroll scattered the Confederate pickets, forded the South River, and dashed into Port Republic. Jackson and his staff raced down the main street from headquarters and across the bridge, narrowly eluding capture (three members of his staff were captured: Col. [[Stapleton Crutchfield]], Lt. Edward Willis, and Dr. [[Hunter McGuire]]).<ref>Krick, p. 72, states the three men were prisoners "for varying periods of time"; Robertson, p. 432, lists only Crutchfield and Willis as captured, based on Willis's account in the ''[[Southern Historical Society Papers]]''; the [http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html NPS report] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117023917/http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/abpp/shenandoah/svs3-5.html |date=November 17, 2010 }} on battlefield condition cites only two staff members captured.</ref> Carroll deployed one gun aimed at the bridge and brought up another. Jackson directed the defense, ordering Captain [[William T. Poague]]'s battery to [[wikt:unlimber|unlimber]] on the north bank. Captain James McD. Carrington brought up a gun from the vicinity of Madison Hall to rake the Main Street. Col. Samuel V. Fulkerson led his [[37th Virginia Infantry]] in a charge across the bridge, where the gun at the opposite end was firing on them with grape shot, to drive the Union cavalry out of the town. Carroll retreated in confusion, losing his two guns, before his infantry could come within range. Three Confederate batteries unlimbered on the bluffs east of Port Republic on the north bank of the South Fork and fired on the retreating Federals. Carroll retired several miles north on the Luray Road. Jackson stationed Brig. Gen. [[William B. Taliaferro]]'s brigade in Port Republic and positioned the [[Stonewall Brigade]] near Bogota with the artillery to prevent any further surprises.<ref>Tanner, pp. 288–93.</ref>
Meanwhile, Frémont, with Col. [[Gustave P. Cluseret]]'s brigade in the lead, renewed his advance from the vicinity of Harrisonburg. After driving away the Confederate skirmishers, Cluseret reached and deployed his right flank along the Keezletown Road near Union Church. One by one, the Union brigades came into line: Brig. Gen. [[Robert C. Schenck]] on Cluseret's right, Brig. Gen. [[Robert H. Milroy]] on his left, and Brig. Gen. [[Julius Stahel|Julius H. Stahel]] on the far left, his left flank near Congers Creek. Brig. Gen. [[Henry Bohlen]]'s and Col. [[John A. Koltes]]'s brigades were held in reserve near the center of the line. A regiment of Union cavalry moved south on the road to secure the right flank. Batteries were brought to the front.<ref>Cozzens, pp. 460–61.</ref>
Ewell deployed his infantry division behind Mill Creek, Brig. Gen. [[Isaac R. Trimble]]'s brigade on the right across the Port Republic Road, Brig. Gen. [[Arnold Elzey]]'s in the center along the high bluffs. Ewell concentrated his artillery (4 batteries) at the center of the line. As Union troops deployed along Keezletown Road, Trimble advanced his brigade a quarter of a mile to Victory Hill and deployed Courtenay's (Latimer's) battery on a hill to his left supported by the [[21st North Carolina Infantry Regiment]]. The 15th Alabama, which had been skirmishing near Union Church, rejoined the brigade. Trimble held his regiments out of sight behind the crest of the hill.<ref>Cozzens, pp. 457–59.</ref> [[Image:Battle of Cross Keys map.png|thumb|300px|Sketch of the battle-field of Cross Keys, Va.]]
Frémont determined to advance his battle line with the evident intention of enveloping the Confederate position, assumed to be behind Mill Creek. This maneuver required an elaborate right wheel. Stahel's brigade on the far left had the farthest distance to cover and advanced first. Milroy moved forward on Stahel's right and rear. Union batteries were advanced with infantry lines south of Keezletown Road and engaged Confederate batteries. Stahel appeared oblivious to Trimble's advanced position. His battle line passed down into the valley, crossed the run, and began climbing Victory Hill. Suddenly, Trimble's men leaped up and fired all at once into Stahel's brigade. The Confederates were mostly armed with smoothbore muskets, which they loaded with buck and ball shot, and the effect at such close range was completely devastating; Stahel lost 300 men in a matter of moments and the remainder of the green, untested soldiers fled in panic. The Union brigade regrouped on the height opposite Victory Hill but made no effort to renew their assault. Different accounts of the battle place various estimates at how close Trimble was to Stahel when his men opened fire, but 40 yards seems to be a probable distance. The entire episode lasted no more than a minute as the amount of smoke from 1,300 muskets firing quickly made it impossible to see anything and most of the Confederates got off no more than one shot before Stahel's brigade broke and ran.<ref>Cozzens, pp. 461; Krick pp. 173, 180.</ref>
Stahel did not renew his attack but brought up a battery (Buell's) to support his position. Trimble moved the 15th Alabama by the right flank and up a ravine to get on the battery's left. In the meantime, Ewell sent two regiments ([[13th Virginia Infantry|13th]] and [[25th Virginia Infantry|25th Virginia]]) along the ridge to Trimble's right, attracting a severe fire from the Union battery. With a shout, the 15th Alabama emerged from their ravine and began to climb the hill toward the battery, precipitating a melee. Trimble advanced his other two regiments ([[16th Mississippi Infantry Regiment]] on the left and [[21st Georgia Infantry]] on the right) from their position on Victory Hill, forcing back the Union line. The Union battery limbered hastily and withdrew, saving its guns. A Union regiment counterattacked briefly, striking the left flank of the 16th Mississippi, but was forced back in desperate fighting.<ref>Cozzens, pp. 495–67.</ref>
Trimble continued advancing up the ravine on the Confederate right, outflanking successive Union positions. In the meantime, Milroy advanced on Stahel's right, supported by artillery. Milroy's line came within rifle-musket range of the Confederate center behind Mill Creek and opened fire. Union batteries continued to engage Confederate batteries in an artillery duel. Bohlen advanced on the far Union left to stiffen Stahel's crumbling defense. Milroy's left flank was endangered by Stahel's retreat, and Frémont ordered him to withdraw. Jackson brought Taylor's brigade forward to support Ewell if needed, but Taylor remained in reserve on the Port Republic Road near the Dunker Church.<ref>Krick, p. 219–22, 232.</ref>
Seemingly paralyzed by the decimation of Stahel's brigade on his left, Frémont was unable to mount a coordinated attack. He ordered Schenck's brigade forward to find the Confederate left flank south of Union Church. Ewell reinforced his left with elements of Elzey's brigade. Severe firing erupted along the line but quickly died down. Confederate Brig. Gen. Elzey and Brig. Gen. [[George H. Steuart (brigadier general)|George H. Steuart]] were wounded in this exchange. Frémont withdrew his force to Keezletown Road, placing his artillery on the heights to his rear (Oak Ridge). Artillery firing continued.<ref>Krick, pp. 260, 264–65.</ref>
==Aftermath== Union casualties totaled 557 killed and wounded and 100 captured, while the Confederates lost fewer than 300 men.<ref>Tanner, p. 295.</ref> At dusk, Trimble pushed his battle line forward to within a quarter mile of the Union position, anticipating a night assault. Confederate accounts describe the Union soldiers going into camp, lighting fires, and making coffee. Schenck sent out a company to probe the Confederate positions after dark, but after a brief skirmish the company withdrew and no other engagements took place. During the night, Ewell ordered Trimble to withdraw without making the attack.<ref>Krick, pp. 271–72</ref>
==Battlefield preservation== The [[Civil War Trust]] (a division of the [[American Battlefield Trust]]) and its partners have acquired and preserved {{convert|282|acres|ha}} of the battlefield.<ref>[[American Battlefield Trust]] "[https://www.battlefields.org/preserve/saved-land Saved Land]" webpage. Accessed May 25, 2018.</ref> A key purchase was the {{convert|51|acres|ha|adj=on}} Widow Pence Farm in the heart of the battlefield. The trust joined with a local retired surgeon, Irvin Hess, and his wife to purchase the property at auction. The couple has since fully restored the circa 1840 farmhouse. The land is protected through a conservation easement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gunderson |first=Amy |date=September 30, 2005 |title=Civil War Battlefields |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/30/travel/living-here-civil-war-battlefields-history-in-the-backyard.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209005821/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/30/travel/living-here-civil-war-battlefields-history-in-the-backyard.html |archive-date=9 December 2023 |department=Living Here |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>
In March 2022, the "[[Talbot Boys]]" statue was relocated to the battlefield from [[Talbot County, Maryland]]. The [[List of Confederate monuments and memorials|Confederate monument]] had stood in front of the [[Talbot County Courthouse (Maryland)|Talbot County Courthouse]] since 1916, and was the last remaining Confederate monument on public grounds in Maryland when it was removed after years-long protests.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://wjla.com/news/local/maryland-last-public-confederate-statue-removal-talbot-boys-civil-war-eastern-shore-county-courthouse-lawn |title=Crews take down Maryland's last public Confederate statue |agency=Associated Press |date=March 14, 2022 |access-date=March 15, 2022 |publisher=[[WJLA-TV]]}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> (Rough_sketch_of_the_battlefield_of_Cross_Keys,_Va.,_June_8,_1862,_compiled_by_Jed._Hotchkiss,_2d_Army_Corps..._-_NARA_-_305833.tif|Rough sketch of the Battlefield of Cross Keys, June 8, 1862, compiled by Jed. Hotchkiss File:Cross_Keys_Battlefield_Virginia.jpg|Map of battlefield core and study areas by the [[American Battlefield Protection Program]] </gallery>
==See also== {{Portal|American Civil War}} * [[Nicolae Dunca]]
==Notes/references== {{Reflist|40em}}
==Bibliography== {{refbegin|50em}} * {{cite book| last =Allen| first =William| title =Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign: From November 4, 1861 to June 17, 1862| publisher =Smithmark Publishers| year =1995| location =New York| pages =284| language =en| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LbcrAAAACAAJ| format =eBook| isbn =9780831714321| oclc =33418359}} * {{cite book| last =Avirett| first =James Battle| title =The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby and His Compeers| publisher =Selby & Dulany| year =1867| location =Baltimore, MD| pages =408| isbn =9780608347080| language =en| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=2IgwOmIAZh0C| format =PDF| oclc =3184269}}{{PD-notice}} * {{cite book | last =Clark| first =Champ| title =Decoying the Yanks: Jackson's Valley Campaign| publisher =Time Life Books| series =The Civil War| year =1984| location =Alexandria, VA| language =en| isbn =080944724X | oclc =473681924 }} * {{cite book| last =Cozzens| first =Peter| author-link =Peter Cozzens| title =Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign| publisher =The University of North Carolina Press| series =Civil War America| year =2013 | orig-year =2008| location =Chapel Hill| language =en| url =https://www.amazon.com/Shenandoah-1862-Stonewall-Jacksons-Campaign-ebook/dp/B00ZVEM3OG/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=Shenandoah+1862%3A+Stonewall+Jackson%27s+Valley+Campaign&qid=1606772223&s=books&sr=1-2| format =Kindle| isbn =9781469605234| oclc =1100952647}} * {{cite book| last =Douglas| first =Henry Kyd| author-link =Henry Kyd Douglas| title =I Rode with Stonewall| publisher =The University of North Carolina Press| year=1993 | orig-year =1940| location =Chapel Hill| pages =384| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/irodewithstonewa00doug/page/n3/mode/2up| format =PDF| isbn =9780891760405| oclc =6619133}} * {{cite book| last = Dyer| first = Frederick H| title = A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion| publisher = Dyer Pub. 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Gallagher| title =The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862| publisher =University of North Carolina Press| series =Military Campaigns of the Civil War| edition =Kindle| year =2010| location =Chapel Hill| pages =280| language =en| url =https://www.amazon.com/Shenandoah-Valley-Campaign-Military-Campaigns-ebook/dp/B006KENIIG/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1606772223&sr=1-3| format =Kindle| isbn =978-0807857687| oclc =929629850}} * {{cite book| last =Henderson| first =George Francis Robert| author-link =George Francis Robert Henderson| title =Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War| publisher =Longmans, Green, and Company| volume =I| edition =1st| year =1898| location =London | pages =648| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/stonewalljackso01hend| format =PDF| oclc =1085324715}} * {{cite book| last =Hotchkiss| first =Jedediah| author-link =Jedediah Hotchkiss| editor =Archie P. MacDonald| title =Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Topographer| publisher =Southern Methodist University Press| year =1973| location =Dallas| pages =352| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/makememapofvalle00jede/page/n3/mode/2up| format =PDF| isbn =0870741373| oclc =462213398}} * {{cite book| last1 =Johnson| first1 =Robert Underwood| last2 =Buel| first2 =Clarence Clough| author-link =Robert Underwood Johnson| author-link2 =Clarence Clough Buel| editor =Robert Underwood Johnson| editor2 =Clarence Clough Buel| title =The Opening Battles| publisher =The Century Company| series =Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series"| volume =I| year =1887| location =New York| pages =784| url =https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044385/page/n10/mode/2up| oclc =48764702| ref ={{sfnref|Johnson & Buel, Vol I}}}}{{PD-notice}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Kennedy |editor-first=Frances H. |title=The Civil War Battlefield Guide |edition=2nd |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |year=1998 |isbn=0395740126 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Civil-War-Battlefield-Guide-ebook/dp/B006WQL38Y/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=The+Civil+War+Battlefield+Guide&qid=1606345040&s=digital-text&sr=1-3 }} * {{cite book| last =Krick| first =Robert K.| title =Conquering the Valley: Stonewall Jackson at Port Republic| publisher =William Morrow & Co.| edition =1st | year =1996| location =New York| pages =594| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/conqueringvalley0000kric/page/n5/mode/2up| format =PDF| isbn =9780688112820| oclc =1148596552}} * {{cite book| last =McPherson| first =James M.| author-link =James M. McPherson| title =Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era| publisher =Oxford University Press| series =Oxford History of the United States| edition =1st| year =1988| location =Oxford, UK| pages =904| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up| format =PDF| isbn =9780195038637| oclc =7577667}} * {{cite book| last =Martin| first =David G.| title =Jackson's Valley Campaign: November 1861 –June 1862| publisher =Gallery Books| edition =1st| year =1988| location =New York| pages =184| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/jacksonsvalleyca0000mart| format =PDF| isbn =9780914373148| oclc =1194435392}} * {{cite book | last =Miller| first =William J.| title =Mapping for Stonewall: The Civil War Service of Jed Hotchkiss| publisher = Elliott & Clark Pub| edition =1st | year =1993| location =Washington, DC| pages =176| language =en| isbn =9781880216118 }} * {{cite book| last =Robertson| first =James I. Jr.| author-link =James I. Robertson Jr.| title =Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend| publisher =Prentice Hall International| year =1997| location =London| pages =950| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/stonewalljackson0000robe/page/n5/mode/2up| format =PDF| isbn =9780028646855| oclc =1151321680}} * {{cite book | last =Salmon| first =John S. | title =The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide| location =Mechanicsburg, PA| publisher =Stackpole Books| year =2001|isbn=0811728684}} * {{cite book| last =Tanner| first =Robert G| title =Stonewall in the Valley: Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Spring 1862| publisher =Doubleday| year =1976| location =Garden City, NY| language =en| url =https://archive.org/details/stonewallinvalle0000tann/page/n5/mode/2up| isbn =0385121482| oclc =1036885979| format =PDF}} * {{ cite book |author=U.S. War Department| title = Reports, Mar 17-Jun 25; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17–Sep 2, 1862| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office| place = Washington, DC| year = 1885| series =The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies | volume =XII–XXIV-I | oclc = 427057| hdl=2027/coo.31924077725921 |ref={{sfnref|U.S. War Department (1885) Vol XII–XXIV-I}} }}{{PD-notice}} * {{ cite book |author=U.S. War Department| title = Reports, Jun 26–Sep 2; Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Mar 17–Sep 2, 1862| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office| place = Washington, DC| year = 1885| series =The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies | volume =XII–XXIV-II | oclc = 427057| hdl=2027/coo.31924077728222 |ref={{sfnref|U.S. War Department (1885) Vol XII–XXIV-II}} }}{{PD-notice}} * {{cite book | last =Welcher| first =Frank J.| title =The Eastern Theater| publisher =Indiana University Press| series =The Union Army, 1861–1865: Organization and Operations| volume =1| edition =1st| year =1989| location =Bloomington| pages =1084 | language =en| isbn =9780253364531| oclc =799063447 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150304075704/http://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va105.htm National Park Service battle description]{{PD-notice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151119051122/http://www.nps.gov/abpp/CWSII/VirginiaBattlefieldProfiles/Cool%20Spring%20to%20Cumberland%20Church.pdf CWSAC Report Update]{{PD-notice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141220070148/http://www.nps.gov/ABPP/shenandoah/svs3-5.html NPS report on battlefield condition]{{PD-notice}} {{refend}}
==External links== {{commons category|Battle of Cross Keys}} * [http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Cross_Keys_Battle_of Battle of Cross Keys] in ''[[Encyclopedia Virginia]]'' * [http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/cross-keys.html The Battle of Cross Keys]. ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302214002/http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/cross-keys.html |date=March 2, 2010 }}): Battle maps, history articles, and preservation news ([[Civil War Trust]]). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703022531/http://www.historyanimated.com/Valley.html Animated history of Jackson's Valley Campaign]
{{American Civil War campaigns in the Eastern Theater}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cross Keys}} [[Category:Jackson's Valley campaign|Cross Keys]] [[Category:Battles of the eastern theater of the American Civil War|Cross Keys]] [[Category:Confederate victories of the American Civil War|Cross Keys]] [[Category:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia|Cross Keys]] [[Category:Rockingham County, Virginia]] [[Category:1862 in the American Civil War]] [[Category:1862 in Virginia]] [[Category:June 1862]]