Toru River

{{Short description|River in Indonesia}} {{Infobox river | name = Toru River | name_other = Sungai Toru, Batang Toru, Air Batang Toru, Air Batang Toroe, Batang Toroe | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Indonesia Sumatra North#Indonesia Sumatra#Indonesia | pushpin_map_size = 285 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of river mouth | source1_location = North Sumatra | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Indonesia | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} The '''Toru River''' or '''Batang Toru''' is a river in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, about 1200 km northwest of the capital Jakarta.<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref><ref>[http://www.geonames.org/1213439/batang%20toru.html Batang Toru] at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2013-06-04; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27</ref>

==Geography== The river flows in the northern area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).<ref name = "koppen">{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11|pages= 1633–1644 | date =|access-date=30 January 2016| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon| issue = 5| doi-access = free}}</ref> The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is February, when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is May, at 22 °C.<ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title = NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date =30 January 2016 | publisher = NASA}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is 3379 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 520 mm rainfall, and the driest is July, with 156 mm rainfall.<ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)| date =30 January 2016 |publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> The area of the river is located on the Great Sumatran Fault Zone, providing the area with an abundance of geothermal energy sources and hot water springs, while also increasing the frequency of large earthquakes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dewanto |first=Fadjar Ari |date=2022-07-08 |title=Analisa Hydrology dan Geologi Sungai Batang Toru - |url=https://www.beritadaerah.co.id/2022/07/08/analisa-hydrology-dan-geologi-sungai-batang-toru/,%20https://www.beritadaerah.co.id/2022/07/08/analisa-hydrology-dan-geologi-sungai-batang-toru/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Berita Daerah |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Ecology == The river flows at the heart of the area where the Tapanuli orangutan lives, a kind of orangutan which was identified as a separate species in 2017.<ref name=Leahy/>

== Uses == The Batang Toru hydropower project has started work on a dam and tunnel, financed by China, which is meant to provide electric power during 6 hours a day.<ref name=Leahy>{{cite news|last=Leahy|first=Stephen|title=Hydroelectric Dam Threatens to Wipe Out World's Rarest Ape|publisher=National Geographic Society|date=9 August 2018|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/08/tapanuli-orangutan-rarest-ape-threatened-dam-news/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810081202/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/08/tapanuli-orangutan-rarest-ape-threatened-dam-news/|archivedate=10 August 2018}}</ref> As of 2022, Indonesian state-owned electronic distribution company Perusahaan Listrik Negara has also started to work with Indonesian private companies to establish a hydropower on the river.<ref name=":0" />

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Rivers of North Sumatra Category:Batang Toru basin