{{Redirect|Bartenstein|the German principality with a similar name|Hohenlohe-Bartenstein}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Bartoszyce | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1 | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Plac Konstytucji 3 Maja w Bartoszycach.jpg{{!}}Constitution of May 3 Square | image2 = Saint John the Evangelist and Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Bartoszyce (2).jpg{{!}}Gothic Saint John the Evangelist church | image3 = Kościół Jana Chrzciciela Bartoszyce.jpg{{!}}Gothic Saint John the Baptist church | image4 = Widok z wieży ciśnień w Bartoszycach na sanktuarium św. Brunona Bonifacego z Kwerfurtu - patrona Bartoszyc. - panoramio.jpg{{!}}Saint Bruno church | image5 = Bartoszyce. Rzeka Łyna..jpg{{!}}Łyna River in Bartoszyce | caption1 = Constitution of May 3 Square | caption2 = Saint John the Evangelist church | caption3 = Saint John the Baptist church | caption4 = Saint Bruno church | caption5 = Łyna River}} | image_flag = POL Bartoszyce flag.svg | image_shield = POL Bartoszyce City COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|20|48|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|name=Warmian-Masurian}} | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Bartoszyce | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Bartoszyce <small>(urban gmina)</small> | leader_party = PO | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Wiesław Kurach | government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Burmistrz Miasta Bartoszyce|url=https://bartoszyce.pl/urzad/burmistrz-miasta-bartoszyce|website=bartoszyce.pl|publisher=Miasto Bartoszyce|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref> | established_title = Established | established_date = 1240 | established_title2 = Town rights | established_date2 = 1326 | area_total_km2 = 11.79 | area_footnotes = <ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref> | elevation_m = 3 | elevation_ft = 9.8 | population_as_of = 31 December 2021 | population_total = 22597 | population_density_km2 = 1917 | population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref><ref name="population_density">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref> | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 11-200 | area_code = +48 89 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = NBA | blank_name_sec2 = National roads | blank_info_sec2 = 32px | blank1_name_sec2 = Voivodeship roads | blank1_info_sec2 = 32px 32px | website = http://bartoszyce.pl }} '''Bartoszyce''' (<small>pronounced</small> {{respell|Barto|shitse}} {{IPAc-pl|AUD|pl-Bartoszyce.ogg|b|a|r|t|o|'|sz|y|c|e}}; {{langx|de|Bartenstein}}, {{IPA|de|ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn||De-Bartenstein.ogg}}) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland,{{TERYT}} with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021.<ref name=population/> It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
==Geographical location== Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river Łyna River in a valley, approximately {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=off}} east of Elbląg and {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of Kaliningrad, at an altitude of {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level.
==History== ===Middle Ages=== [[File:Kościół św. Jana Ewangelisty i Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej w Bartoszycach 2.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.85|Gothic Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded in 1360–80 and in the 15th century.]] Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights constructed a castle on the left shore of the Łyna River on the border between the Old Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia.<ref name="Ostpreussen">''Ostpreußen.net''. [https://www.ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?_l=2&bericht=607 Geschichte der Stadt Bartoszyce - Bartenstein]. Accessed 1 April 2007. {{in lang|de}}</ref> The castle was part of the district (''Komturei'') of Balga. It was first composed of stone houses, palisades, and earthworks and later built of bricks.
Besieged by the native Old Prussians for four years during an uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it was besieged by another Baltic group, the Sudovians, in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274–80.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the Komtur (administrator) of Balga.
Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received town privileges from the Teutonic Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/><ref name=EMA>{{cite web|url=http://www.emazury.com/index.php?JEZ=pl&LIS=miasta&MENU=bartoszyce&GL=bartoszyce1|title=Bartoszyce, eMazury|access-date=June 7, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> Poles settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names ''Bartoszyce'' and ''Barsztyn''.<ref name=EMA/> The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: ''Komtur''), Henning Schindekopf of Balga, began construction of a wall around the town in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|pages=XXXVII, 54}}</ref> At the beginning of the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. By the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a fief held by the State of the Teutonic Order.<ref>Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215</ref> The town's seal was attached to the documents of the peace treaty.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Karczewska|first=Teresa|year=1962|title=Przegląd pieczęci pruskich z dokumentów traktatu toruńskiego z 1466 roku|magazine=Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie|language=pl|issue=4|page=757}}</ref> To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to ''Heinrich Reuß von Plauen'' (not ''the'' Grand Master).<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
===Modern era=== thumb|left|upright|Lidzbarska Gate in the town centre. With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia, established with the consent of the Polish king Sigismund I the Old, as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
Bartenstein became part of the secular Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807,<ref name="GB">''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> the Treaty of Bartenstein. Administrative reform following the Napoleonic Wars placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies, and although the post of a Polish preacher still existed in 1829, the appointed preacher did not speak Polish.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kętrzyński|first=Wojciech|author-link=Wojciech Kętrzyński|year=1882|title=O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich|language=pl|location=Lwów|publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich|pages=587–588}}</ref>
thumb|Bartenstein in the early 20th century. The Lyck-Bartenstein (Ełk–Bartoszyce) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army, Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag I-B prisoner-of-war camp in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pegasusarchive.org/pow/Work_camps.htm|title=Work Camps|access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> The town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the Soviet Red Army. After German surrender, the Soviets ceremoniously transferred sovereignty over the town to Polish authorities on June 15, 1945.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.vffow.de/assets/downloads/dateien/Pr.%20Holland-Die%20Wende%201945_Diss.pdf|title=Preußisch Holland/Paslek – Die Wende des Jahres 1945. Die Vertreibung/Aussiedlung der deutschen Bevölkerung|author=Joanna Ewa Wisniewska|pages=91}}</ref> The already established Polish rule was accepted at the Potsdam Conference, however, on preliminary terms. Remaining German residents who had survived were either evacuated or later expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and the town was repopulated with Poles. The transfer was confirmed by the German–Polish Border Treaty.
As part of the repressions against the Catholic Church, the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of theological seminaries.<ref name=pr>{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/15/Artykul/1262498,Popieluszko-zolnierz-z-Bartoszyc/|title="Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"|website=PolskieRadio.pl|access-date=2 October 2021|language=pl}}</ref> The future priest Jerzy Popiełuszko did his military service there in 1966–1968.<ref name=pr/> He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life.<ref name=pr/> There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.
thumb|Bartoszyce in 1991. Bartoszyce was administratively located in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.
===Number of inhabitants by year=== {{Historical population|align=left|cols=2|1729|2000|1785|2780|1831|3603|1875|6460|1880|7132|1890|6442|1905|6805|1925|7890|1933|8717|1939|11268|2009|24994 |footnote=Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.<ref name="JFG">Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Mww_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA18 p. 18, no. 1.]</ref><ref name="VWG">Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/bartenstein.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Ostpreußen, Kreis Friedland/Bartenstein]'' (2006).</ref>}} [[File:Pomnik patrona Bartoszyc - Św. Brunona, na tle budynku Liceum Ogólnokształcącego im. St. Żeromskiego w Bartoszycach. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Stefana Żeromskiego (a high school).]] {{clear|left}}
==Popular culture== The town is the location of a scene in Leo Tolstoy's ''War and Peace''.<ref name="Leo">{{cite book |last1=Tolstoy |first1=Leo |title=War and Peace |date=1949 |publisher=International Collectors Library |location=Garden City}}</ref>{{rp|228}}
==International relations== Bartoszyce is a member of Cittaslow.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cittaslow List|url=https://www.cittaslow.it/sites/default/files/content/it/page/files/774/cittaslow_list_november_2025.pdf|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref>
===Twin towns – sister cities=== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}} Bartoszyce is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Miasta Partnerskie|url=https://bartoszyce.pl/miasto/miasta-partnerskie|website=bartoszyce.pl|publisher=Miasto Bartoszyce|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * {{flagicon|UKR}} Berezne, Ukraine * {{flagicon|SWE}} Emmaboda, Sweden * {{flagicon|POL}} Mława, Poland * {{flagicon|GER}} Nienburg, Germany * {{flagicon|LTU}} Varėna, Lithuania {{div col end}}
===Former twin towns=== * {{flagicon|RUS}} Bagrationovsk, Russia On 25 March 2022, Bartoszyce County decided to terminate its cooperation with Russian city of Bagrationovsk as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Uchwała Rady Powiatu nr LIV/259/2022|url=https://bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl/akty/1972/uchwala-w-sprawie-zakonczenia-wspolpracy-prowadzonej-przez-powiat-bartoszycki-na-podstawie-porozumienia-z-dnia-16.02.2001r.-zawartego-z-miastem-i-rejonem-bagrationowsk-obwodu-kaliningradzkiego-federacji-rosyjskiej.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830154437/https://bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl/akty/1972/uchwala-w-sprawie-zakonczenia-wspolpracy-prowadzonej-przez-powiat-bartoszycki-na-podstawie-porozumienia-z-dnia-16.02.2001r.-zawartego-z-miastem-i-rejonem-bagrationowsk-obwodu-kaliningradzkiego-federacji-rosyjskiej.html|website=bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl|publisher=Bulletin of Public Information of Bartoszyce County|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30|archive-date=2022-08-30}}</ref>
==Notable residents== * Matthäus Waissel (1540–1602), German theologian, lutist, author * Max Baginski (1864–1943), German–American anarchist * Hans Koch (1893–1945), German anti–Nazi resistance fighter * Erwin Geschonneck (1906–2008), German actor * Günther Schack (1917–2003), German fighter pilot * Hans-Joachim Reske (born 1940), German athlete * Zbigniew Lubiejewski (born 1949), Polish volleyball player * Marek Daćko (born 1991), Polish handball player * Mateusz Czunkiewicz (born 1996), Polish volleyball player
==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== External links == {{Commons category|Bartoszyce}} {{EB1911 poster|Bartenstein}} * [http://bartoszyce.pl Official website] {{in lang|pl}} * [http://bartoszyce.pl/info-turystyka/rys-historyczny/ History of Bartoszyce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301125942/http://bartoszyce.pl/info-turystyka/rys-historyczny/ |date=2014-03-01 }} {{in lang|pl}} * [http://www.ostpreussen.net/index.php?seite_id=12&kreis=15&stadt=01 Geschichte der Stadt Bartoszyce - Bartenstein] {{in lang|de}}
{{Bartoszyce County}} {{Gmina Bartoszyce}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Bartoszyce County Category:Cities and towns in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Category:Populated riverside places in Poland Category:Cittaslow