{{Short description|Barony in County Wexford, Ireland}} {{Notability|date=March 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{use Hiberno-English|date=March 2024}} The '''Barony of Ballyane''' is a barony in [[County Wexford]] ({{langx|ga|Contae Loch Garman}}), [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. The territory was "surrendered and regranted" by the Clan Kavanagh in 1543.
==History== [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]], King of Uí Cheinnsealaig and [[Kings of Leinster|king of Leinster]], held the lands of the Barony of Ballyane in 1167. His clan of MacMurrough-Kavanagh began to regain some of their former territories in the 14th century, especially in the north of the county, principally under [[Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh|Art MacMurrough Kavanagh]]. He extended their territories and exercised control over County Wexford ({{langx|ga|Contae Loch Garman}}) and over County Carlow ({{langx|ga|Contae Cheatharlach}}), in the province of [[Leinster]]. In pre-Norman times, Leinster was part of the Kingdom of [[Uí Cheinnselaig|Uí Cheinnsealaig]], whose capital was at [[Ferns, County Wexford|Ferns]].
Gaelic chiefs were actively encouraged to surrender their lands to the king, and then have them regranted (returned) as [[freehold (English law)|freeholds]] paying a [[chief rent]] under a [[royal charter]] if they swore loyalty to him. Those who surrendered were also expected to speak English, wear English-style dress, remain loyal to the Crown, pay a rent and follow English laws and customs, In return they would be protected from attack and could organise local courts and enter the [[Parliament of Ireland]]. Surrender and Regrant was led by [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] (ruled 1509–47) in a bid to extend and secure his control over the island of Ireland. This policy started in the years between(1534–39) and the subsequent creation of the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] in 1541–42. Henry's problem was that many of the [[Irish clan]]s remained autonomous and outside the control of his administration in Dublin. During the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]] (c.1540-1603), [[surrender and regrant]] was the legal mechanism by which Irish clans were to be converted from a power structure rooted in clan and kin loyalties, to a late-[[feudal]] system under the English legal system. The policy was an attempt to involve the clan chiefs within the English polity, and to guarantee their property under English common law, as distinct from the traditional Irish [[Brehon law]] system.
Cahir Kavanagh made his submission in March 1538. He renounced the jurisdiction of the Pope, agreed to hold their lands from the king, and to abandon all claims to tribute or black rent from their neighbours of the Pale. In return for this he received a royal grant of his land and possessions, was created "Baron of Ballyane" and was promised a life peerage and a seat in the House of Lords.
[[File:Hauskirchen 04 Kavanagh von Ballyane IMG-20211114-WA0032.jpg|thumb|Wall tablet to ''Dermitius [[Freiherr]] von Kavanagh-Ballyane'' († 1739) at St Lawrence Church, [[Hauskirchen]], [[Lower Austria]]. Part of the [[Irish military diaspora]], he served in the [[Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Army]] and as [[Imperial and Royal|imperial and royal]] [[Chamberlain (office)|''Kämmerer'']], eventually rising to the rank of [[lieutenant field marshal]].]]<ref>[http://www.rodinny-erb.cz/?06-kavanagh,391 Kavanagh on www.rodinny-erb.cz]</ref><ref>[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/BLK%C3%96:Kavanagh_von_Ballyane,_die_Freiherren_und_Grafen BLKÖ:Kavanagh von Ballyane, die Freiherren und Grafen (German)]</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}} *Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990. *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080608023719/http://www.leighrayment.com/peers/peersM6.htm Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page]}}
[[Category:Butler dynasty]]