{{Short description|District in Lumbini Province, Nepal}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | type = [[Districts of Nepal|District]] | name = Bardiya District | native_name = बर्दिया | nickname = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | motto = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = Bardiya Province5 locator.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Bardiya (dark yellow) in Lumbini province | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Nepal|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Lumbini Province]]

| parts_type = [[Local self-government in Nepal|municipality]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = | p2 =

| established_title = Established | established_date = | seat_type = Admin HQ. | seat = [[Gularia|Gulariya]] | leader_title = Head | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = Deputy-Head | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|Parliamentary constituencies]] | leader_name2 =

| leader_title3 = [[Provincial Assembly (Nepal)|Provincial constituencies]] | leader_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[District Coordination Committee|Coordination committee]] | governing_body = [[District Coordination Committee|DCC]], Bardiya | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2025 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes =<ref name="National Population and Housing Census 2011(National Report)">{{cite news|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011(National Report) |url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |access-date=1 November 2012 |agency=Government of Nepal |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] |date=November 2012 |ref=Central Bureau of Statistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418041642/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 }}</ref> | population_total = 426576 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank =

| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of Nepal|Main language(s)]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Tharu language|Tharu]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[Roads in Nepal|Major highways]] | blank_info_sec2 =

| timezone1 = [[Nepal Time|NPT]] | utc_offset1 = +05:45 | postal_code_type = Postal Codes | postal_code = | area_code_type = Telephone Code | area_code = 084 | website = | footnotes = }}

'''Bardiya District''' ({{langx|ne|[[:ne:बर्दिया जिल्ला|बर्दिया जिल्ला]]}}{{Audio|Bardiya.ogg|Listen}}), one of the seventy-seven [[Districts of Nepal]], is part of [[Lumbini Province]] of [[Nepal]]. The district, with [[Gularia|Gulariya]] as its headquarters, covers an area of {{cvt|2,025|km2}} and according to the 2001 census the population was 382,649<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/nepalcensus/form.php?selection=1 |title=Nepal Census 2001 |work=Nepal's Village Development Committees |publisher=[[Digital Himalaya]] |access-date=12 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012163506/http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/nepalcensus/form.php?selection=1 |archive-date=12 October 2008 }}</ref> in 2011 it has 426,576.Bardiya district includes Bardiya national park,Krishnasar conservation area making it hub for tourism.<ref name="National Population and Housing Census 2011(National Report)" />

==Geography and climate== Bardiya lies in [[Lumbini Province]] in midwestern Nepal. It covers 2025 square kilometers and lies west of [[Banke District]], south of [[Surkhet District]] of [[Karnali Province]], east of [[Kailali District]] of [[Sudurpashchim Province]]. To the south lies [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

Most of Bardiya is in the fertile ''[[Terai]]'' plains, covered with agricultural land and forest. The northernmost part of the district extends into the ''Churiya'' or ''[[Siwalik Hills]]''. [[Bardiya National Park]] covers {{cvt|968|km2}} occupies most of the northern half of the district. This park is the largest undisturbed wilderness in Nepal's Terai. It provides forest, grassland and riverine habitat for endangered mammal, bird and reptile species. More than 30 species of mammals and more than 250 of birds have been recorded.

Most people living in this district are farmers. The district headquarter [[Gularia|Gulariya]] lies on the ''[[Babai River]]''. The [[Karnali River|''Karnali'']], one of Nepal's largest rivers, divided into multiple branches when it reaches the Terai. The westernmost branch forms the boundary between Bardiya and Kailali districts. An eastern branch is called the ''Geruwa''. The endangered [[Gangetic dolphin]] was often seen in its waters, but populations have been declining.<ref>{{cite news|title=River dolphins under threat in Nepal|url=http://www.wwfnepal.org/?70540/river-dolphins-under-threat-in-nepal|access-date=26 May 2006|publisher=WWF|date=26 May 2006}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Climate of Nepal|Climate zone]]<ref> {{Citation | title = The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal – a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system | series = . Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series No.110. | year = 2005 | url = http://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/20497354/de2_001.pdf | isbn = 87-7903-210-9 | access-date = 22 November 2013}} </ref> ! Elevation range ! % of area |- | Lower [[Tropical climate|tropical]] | below 300 meters (1,000&nbsp;ft) | 71.4% |- | Upper tropical | 300 to 1,000 meters<br>1,000 to 3,300&nbsp;ft. | 22.6% |- | [[Subtropics|Subtropical]] | 1,000 to 2,000 meters<br>3,300 to 6,600&nbsp;ft. | &nbsp;2.7% |} {{clear}}

==History== Nepal lost it to the [[East India Company]] after [[Anglo-Nepalese war]] (1814–1816) between the then Kingdom of Nepal and East India Company followed by territorial concessions of [[Sugauli Treaty]].<ref name="nepalarmytwo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=two|title=History of Nepal Army|publisher=Official website of Nepal Army|access-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607215048/http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=two|archive-date=7 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later during the administration of [[Jang Bahadur Rana]], it was returned to Nepal along with Banke, Kailali and [[Kanchanpur district|Kanchanpur]]. In the early twentieth century, Bardiya was still covered with forest and sparsely populated with indigenous [[tribal people]] called [[Tharu people|Tharu]]. Additional Tharus immigrated west from [[Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal#Dang and Deukhuri Valleys|Dang and Deukhuri Valleys]]. Tharu from Dang and Deukhuri make up a majority of Bardiya's population. Other tribes called ''Sonaha'' live near the Karnali River and western periphery of [[Bardia National Park]], who are historically engaged in extracting golden ores from sediments of river and fishing.

==Demographics== {{Historical populations |title = |align = center |clear = |direction = |percentages = pagr |state = |type = |shading = off |width = |subbox = |pop_name = |year_name = Census year |percent_name = |footnote = |source = Citypopulation<ref>{{cite web |title=NEPAL: Administrative Division |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}</ref> |graph-pos = bottom |graph-width = |graph-height = |percol = |cols = |perrow = |rows = |1981 |199,044 |1991 |290,313 |2001 |382,649 |2011 |426,576 |2021 |460,831 }}

At the time of the [[2021 Nepal census]], Bardiya District had a population of 459,900. 8.10% of the population is under 5 years of age. It has a literacy rate of 76.85% and a sex ratio of 1122 females per 1000 males. 424,098 (92.22%) lived in municipalities.<ref name="provincialreport">{{Cite web |title=Provincial/District/Local reports: Lumbini Province |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/province/Lumbini_Province_census_report.pdf |access-date= |website=Census Nepal 2021 |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart |thumb=left |caption=Ethnic groups/castes in Bardiya district (2021)<ref name="caste"/> |label1 = [[Tharu people|Tharu]] |value1 = 50.66 |color1 = olive |label2 = [[Chhetri]] |value2 = 12.77 |color2 = red |label3 = [[Bahun]] |value3 = 7.13 |color3 = orange |label4 = [[Kami (caste)|Kami]] |value4 = 6.28 |color4 = salmon |label5 = [[Magars|Magar]] |value5 = 3.01 |color5 = darkturquoise |label6 = [[Nepalese Muslims|Muslim]] |value6 = 2.90 |color6 = green |label7 = [[Thakuri]] |value7 = 2.30 |color7 = crimson |label8 = [[Yadavs of Nepal|Yadav]] |value8 = 2.00 |color8 = wheat |label9 = [[Damai]] |value9 = 1.88 |color9 = darksalmon |label10 = Terai Brahmin |value10 = 1.06 |color10 = #f4c61f |label11 = [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodh]] |value11 = 0.99 |color11 = #dbc7a8 |label12 = [[Chamar]] |value12 = 0.91 |color12 = saddlebrown |label13 = Other [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] non-Dalit |value13 = 2.95 |color13 = khaki |label14 = Other Hill Janjati |value14 = 1.50 |color14 = teal |label15 = Other Madheshi Dalit |value15 = 1.12 |color15 = sienna |label16 = Others |value16 = 2.54 |color16 = grey }}

Tharus make up a majority in the district, making up 51% of the population. Khas people make up 32% of the population, of which Khas Dalits are 9% of the population. Madheshi people are 9% of the population, and Hill Janjatis (mainly Magars) are 5% of the population.<ref name="caste">{{Cite web |title=Table 1: Caste/Ethnicity and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Census Nepal 2021 |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart |caption = Languages of Bardiya district (2021)<ref name="mothertongue"/> |thumb = right |label1 = [[Tharu languages|Tharu]] |value1 = 50.41 |color1 = maroon |label2 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value2 = 36.26 |color2 = orange |label3 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] |value3 = 9.84 |color3 = peru |label4 = Others |value4 = 3.49 |color4 = grey }}

At the time of the 2021 census, 50.41% of the population spoke [[Tharu languages|Tharu]], 36.26% [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and 9.84% [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] as their first language.<ref name="mothertongue">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Mother tongue and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date= |website=Census Nepal 2021 |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> In 2011, 35.2% of the population spoke Nepali as their first language.<ref>NepalMap Language [https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=LANGUAGE&primary_geo_id=district-23&geo_ids=district-23,province-4,country-NP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308184824/https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=LANGUAGE&primary_geo_id=district-23&geo_ids=district-23,province-4,country-NP |date=8 March 2023 }}</ref>

{{bar box | title = Religion in Bardiya District (2021)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |title=Table 5: Religion and sex |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Census Nepal 2021 |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> | titlebar = #Fcd116 | left1 = Religion | right1 = Percent | float = left | bars = {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Nepal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|93.40}} {{bar percent|[[Islam in Nepal|Islam]]|green|3.12}} {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Nepal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.71}} {{bar percent|[[Buddhism in Nepal|Buddhism]]|Yellow|0.71}} {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.06}} }} {{clear}}

==Administration== The district consists of eight municipalities, out of which six are urban municipalities and two are [[Gaupalika|rural municipalities]]. These are as follows:<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=http://103.69.124.141/ |publisher=Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration |access-date=1 October 2018 |language=ne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831065451/http://103.69.124.141/ |archive-date=31 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Gulariya]] municipality *[[Rajapur, Nepal|Rajapur municipality]] *[[Madhuwan, Bardiya|Madhuwan municipality]] *[[Thakurbaba]] municipality *[[Basgadhi]] municipality *[[Barbardiya]] municipality *[[Badhaiyatal]] rural municipality *[[Geruwa]] rural municipality

===Former village development committees=== Prior to the restructuring of the district, Bardiya District consisted of the following municipalities and [[Village development committee (Nepal)|Village development committees]]:{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} [[Image:NepalBardiyaDistrictmap.png|thumb|Map of the VDC/s and Municipalities (blue) in Bardiya District]] {{div col|colwidth=18em}} *[[Badalpur Nepal]] *[[Baganaha]] *[[Baniyabhar]] *[[Belawa]] *[[Bhimapur]] *[[Deudakala]] *[[Dhadhawar]] *[[Dhodhari]] *[[Gola, Nepal|Gola]] *[[Jamuni]] *[[Kalika, Bardiya|Kalika]] *[[Khairapur]] *[[Khairi Chandanpur]] *[[Magaragadi]] *[[Mahamadpur, Bheri|Mahamadpur]] *[[Manau, Nepal|Manau]] *[[Manpur Mainapokhar]] *[[Manpur Tapara]] *[[Mathurahardwar]] *[[Motipur, Bardiya|Motipur]] *[[Naya Gaun, Bheri|Naya Gaun]] *[[Neulapur]] *[[Padanaha]] *[[Pasupatinagar]] *[[Patabhar]] *[[Sanesri]] *[[Shivapur]] *[[Sorhawa]] *[[Suryapatawa]] *[[Taratal]] *[[Thakudwara]] {{div col end}}

==See also== *[[Zones of Nepal]] *{{statoids|id=ynp|title=Districts of Nepal}}

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Districts of Nepal}} {{Bardiya District}} {{Commons category|Bardiya District}}

{{Authority control}} {{Coord|28|49|0|N|80|29|0|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Bardiya District| ]] [[Category:Districts of Nepal established during Rana regime or before]] [[Category:Districts of Lumbini Province]]